UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 8-K
CURRENT REPORT
Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934
Date of Report (Date of earliest event reported): January 11, 2010
THE NASDAQ OMX GROUP, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware | 000-32651 | 52-1165937 | ||
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation) |
(Commission File Number) |
(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) |
One Liberty Plaza, New York, New York 10006
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip code)
Registrants telephone number, including area code: +1 212 401 8700
No change since last report
(Former Name or Address, If Changed Since Last Report)
Check the appropriate box below if the Form 8-K filing is intended to simultaneously satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant under any of the following provisions:
¨ | Written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act (17 CFR 230.425) |
¨ | Soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14a-12) |
¨ | Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14d-2(b)) |
¨ | Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.13e-4(c)) |
Item 8.01. | Other Events. |
This Current Report on Form 8-K filed by the NASDAQ OMX Group, Inc., or NASDAQ OMX, or Form 8-K, dated January 11, 2010, includes the re-issued historical financial information of NASDAQ OMX, the historical financial information of the Philadelphia Stock Exchange, Inc. and Subsidiaries, or PHLX, and the pro forma financial statements of the combined entity.
NASDAQ OMX is re-issuing, in an updated format, its historical selected financial data, managements discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations and historical financial statements contained in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2008, or re-issued NASDAQ OMX financials, and computation of ratio of earnings to fixed charges, to satisfy the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, requirements as they relate to the adoptions by NASDAQ OMX in 2009 of (1) Financial Accounting Standards Board Staff Position, or FSP, ABP No. 14-1, Accounting for Convertible Debt Instruments That May Be Settled in Cash Upon Conversion, or FSP APB 14-1 and (2) Statement of Financial Accounting Standards, or SFAS, No.160, Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Financial Statements, an amendment of ARB 51, or SFAS 160, as discussed in Note 2 to the re-issued NASDAQ OMX financials. In addition, we revised the re-issued NASDAQ OMX financials for certain amounts that have been reclassified to conform to the current presentation shown in the NASDAQ OMX Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q that have been filed in 2009.
We have not updated or enhanced any other disclosures presented in NASDAQ OMXs Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2008, or Form 10-K. All other information is presented as of the original filing date and has not been updated in this Form 8-K. Without limitation of the foregoing, this Form 8-K does not purport to update the managements discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations contained in the Form 10-K with respect to any uncertainties, transactions, risks, events or trends occurring, or known to management. More current information is included in NASDAQ OMXs other filings with the SEC. This Form 8-K should be read in conjunction with the Form 10-K and NASDAQ OMXs other filings. Other filings may contain important information regarding uncertainties, trends, risks, events, transactions, developments and updates to certain expectations of NASDAQ OMX that may have been reported since the filing of the Form 10-K.
Throughout this Form 8-K, including the exhibits hereto, unless otherwise specified:
| PHLX refers to the Philadelphia Stock Exchange, Inc. and Subsidiaries, as that entity operated prior to its acquisition by NASDAQ OMX. |
| The NASDAQ OMX Group, NASDAQ OMX, we, us and our refer to The NASDAQ OMX Group, Inc. |
Re-issued NASDAQ OMX financials
Attached as Exhibit 99.1 hereto and incorporated herein by reference are the re-issued historical selected financial data, managements discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations and the historical financial statements. The re-issued historical financial statements include the audited consolidated balance sheets of NASDAQ OMX as of December 31, 2008 and 2007, and the related re-issued audited consolidated statements of operations, stockholders equity and cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006 and the related re-issued notes to such audited consolidated financial statements.
Financial Statements of Businesses Acquired
PHLX
Attached as Exhibit 99.2 hereto and incorporated herein by reference are the unaudited consolidated balance sheets of PHLX as of June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, and the related unaudited consolidated statements of operations for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2008 and 2007 and cash flows for the six months ended June 30, 2008 and 2007 and the related notes to such unaudited consolidated financial statements.
Pro Forma Financial Information
Attached as Exhibit 99.3 hereto and incorporated herein by reference are the unaudited pro forma condensed combined statement of income of NASDAQ OMX for the year ended December 31, 2008 and the related notes to such unaudited pro forma condensed combined statement of income.
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The unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information is presented for informational purposes only. The pro forma data is not necessarily indicative of what NASDAQ OMXs results of operations actually would have been had the PHLX acquisition been completed at and as of the dates indicated. In addition, the unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information does not purport to project the future operating results of NASDAQ OMX.
Forward Looking Statements
The SEC encourages companies to disclose forward-looking information so that investors can better understand a companys future prospects and make informed investment decisions. This Form 8-K and the exhibits hereto contain these types of statements. Words such as anticipates, estimates, expects, projects, intends, plans, believes and words or terms of similar substance used in connection with any discussion of future operating results or financial performance identify forward-looking statements.
These include, among others, statements relating to:
| our 2009 or 2010 outlook; |
| the scope, nature or impact of acquisitions, dispositions, investments or other transactional activities; |
| the integration of our recently acquired businesses, including accounting decisions relating thereto; |
| the effective dates for, and expected benefits of, ongoing initiatives; |
| the impact of pricing changes; |
| future tax benefits; |
| the cost and availability of liquidity; and |
| the outcome of any litigation and/or government investigation to which we are a party and other contingencies. |
Forward-looking statements involve certain risks and uncertainties. Factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those contemplated by the forward-looking statements include, among others, the following:
| that our operating results may be lower than expected; |
| our ability to successfully integrate our recently acquired businesses, including the fact that such integration may be more difficult, time consuming or costly than expected, and our ability to realize synergies from business combinations and acquisitions; |
| loss of significant trading volume or listed companies; |
| covenants in our credit facilities, indentures and other agreements governing our indebtedness which may restrict the operation of our business; |
| economic, political and market conditions and fluctuations, including interest rate and foreign currency risks, inherent in U.S. and international operations; |
| global economic and credit conditions; |
| government and industry regulation; and |
| adverse changes that may occur in the securities markets generally. |
In connection with the acquisition of PHLX, factors that may cause actual results to differ materially from those contemplated by such forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, the following: (i) the inability to realize, fully or at all, expected cost savings and other synergies from the acquisition of PHLX within the expected time frame; (ii) costs or difficulties related to the integration of PHLX that are greater than expected; (iii) lower revenues following the acquisition of PHLX than expected; (iv) regulation related to the acquisition of PHLX; and (v) general economic conditions that are less favorable than expected.
Most of these factors are difficult to predict accurately and are generally beyond our control. You should consider the uncertainty and any risk related to forward-looking statements that we make. These risk factors are discussed under the caption Part II. Item 1A. Risk Factors, in our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2009 that was filed with the SEC on November 6, 2009, our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended June 30, 2009 that was filed with the SEC on August 7, 2009, our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2009 that was filed with the SEC on May 8, 2009 and more fully described in the Risk Factors section in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2008 that was filed with the SEC on February 27, 2009. You are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date of this report. You should carefully read this entire Form 8-K. Except for our ongoing obligations to disclose material information under the federal securities laws, we undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statement, release publicly any revisions to any forward-looking statements set forth herein, or to report events or to report the occurrence of unanticipated events. For any forward-looking statements contained herein, we claim the protection of the safe harbor for forward-looking statements contained in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995.
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Item 9.01. | Financial Statements and Exhibits. |
(d) | Exhibits |
Exhibit No. |
Exhibit Description | |
12.1 | Computation of Ratio of Earnings to Fixed Charges | |
23.1 | Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm, New York, New York | |
99.1 | Re-issued Consolidated Financial Statements and Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm The NASDAQ OMX Group, Inc: | |
Selected Financial Data
Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2008 and 2007
Consolidated Statements of Income for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements | ||
99.2 | Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements The Philadelphia Stock Exchange, Inc. and Subsidiaries: | |
Consolidated Balance Sheets at June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007
Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three months ended June 30, 2008 and 2007
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the six months ended June 30, 2008 and 2007
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements | ||
99.3 | Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Statement of Income of The NASDAQ OMX Group, Inc.: | |
Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Statement of Income for the year ended December 31, 2008
Notes to Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Statement of Income |
4
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.
Dated: January 11, 2010 | THE NASDAQ OMX GROUP, INC. | |||
By: | /S/ ADENA FRIEDMAN | |||
Name: | Adena Friedman | |||
Title: | Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer |
5
Exhibit 12.1
The NASDAQ OMX Group, Inc.
Computation of Ratio of Earnings to Fixed Charges
And Preferred Stock Dividends
(Dollars in Thousands)
Unaudited
Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||
2008(1) As Adjusted |
2007 | 2006 | 2005 | 2004 | ||||||||||||||||
Pre-tax income from continuing operations |
$ | 510,638 | (2) | $ | 793,903 | (4) | $ | 213,145 | (5) | $ | 106,262 | (6) | $ | 2,553 | (7) | |||||
Add: fixed charges |
111,544 | 72,863 | 91,097 | 20,338 | 11,789 | |||||||||||||||
Pre-tax income before fixed charges |
622,182 | 866,766 | 304,242 | 126,600 | 14,342 | |||||||||||||||
Fixed charges: |
||||||||||||||||||||
Interest expense(3) |
111,544 | 72,863 | 91,097 | 20,338 | 11,484 | |||||||||||||||
Other |
| | | | 305 | |||||||||||||||
Total fixed charges |
111,544 | 72,863 | 91,097 | 20,338 | 11,789 | |||||||||||||||
Preferred stock dividend requirements |
| | 359 | 3,220 | 8,354 | |||||||||||||||
Total combined fixed charges and preferred stock dividends |
$ | 111,544 | $ | 72,863 | $ | 91,456 | $ | 23,558 | $ | 20,143 | ||||||||||
Ratio of earnings to fixed charges |
5.58 | 11.90 | 3.34 | 6.22 | 1.22 | |||||||||||||||
Ratio of earnings to fixed charges and preferred stock dividends |
5.58 | 11.90 | 3.33 | 5.37 | 0.71 | (8) |
(1) | The results of OMX have been included in this calculation since February 27, 2008. PHLX is included beginning July 24, 2008, BSX is included beginning August 29, 2008, certain businesses of Nord Pool are included beginning October 21, 2008 and IDCG is included beginning December 19, 2008. |
(2) | 2008 pre-tax income from continuing operations is before equity in earnings of 50%-or-less-owned companies and adjustment for noncontrolling interests. |
(3) | Consists of interest expense on all debt obligations (including amortization of deferred financing costs) and the portion of operating lease rental expense that is representative of the interest factor. |
(4) | Includes costs of $4,100 associated with Nasdaqs 2007 cost reductions. |
(5) | Includes costs of $40,900 associated with Nasdaqs 2006 cost reductions. |
(6) | Includes net costs of $20,000 associated with Nasdaqs 2005 cost reductions. |
(7) | Includes costs of $62,600 associated with Nasdaqs 2004 cost reductions. |
(8) | The amount of the deficiency was $5,801. |
Exhibit 23.1
Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
We consent to the incorporation by reference in this Current Report on Form 8-K dated January 11, 2010 of The NASDAQ OMX Group, Inc. of our report dated February 26, 2009 except for Notes 2, 9, 10, 20, and 21 as to which the date is January 11, 2010, with respect to the consolidated financial statements of The NASDAQ OMX Group, Inc., included in this Current Report on Form 8-K.
Our audits also included the financial statement schedule of The NASDAQ OMX Group, Inc. listed in Item 15. This schedule is the responsibility of The NASDAQ OMX Group, Inc.s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion based on our audits. In our opinion, as to which the date is February 26, 2009, except for Notes 2, 9, 10, 20, and 21 as to which the date is January 11, 2010, the financial statement schedule referred to above, when considered in relation to the basic financial statements taken as a whole, present fairly in all material respects the information set forth therein.
We consent to the incorporation by reference in the following Registration Statements:
(1) | Registration Statement (Form S-3 No. 333-157020) of The NASDAQ OMX Group, Inc. |
(2) | Registration Statement (Form S-8 No. 333-110602) pertaining to The Nasdaq Stock Market, Inc. Equity Incentive Plan, |
(3) | Registration Statement (Form S-8 No. 333-106945) pertaining to the Employment Agreement with Robert Greifeld of The Nasdaq Stock Market, Inc., |
(4) | Registration Statement (Form S-8 No. 333-76064) pertaining to The Nasdaq Stock Market, Inc. 2000 Employee Stock Purchase Plan |
(5) | Registration Statement (Form S-8 No. 333-72852) pertaining to The Nasdaq Stock Market, Inc. 2000 Employee Stock Purchase Plan and |
(6) | Registration Statement (Form S-8 No. 333-70992) pertaining to The Nasdaq Stock Market, Inc. Equity Incentive Plan, |
of our report dated February 26, 2009 except for Notes 2, 9, 10, 20, and 21 as to which the date is January 11, 2010, with respect to the consolidated financial statements and schedule of The NASDAQ OMX Group, Inc. included in this Current Report on Form 8-K.
/s/ Ernst & Young LLP
New York, New York
January 11, 2010
6
Exhibit 99.1
Item 6. Selected Financial Data.
On February 27, 2008, Nasdaq and OMX AB combined their businesses and Nasdaq was renamed The NASDAQ OMX Group, Inc. Under the purchase method of accounting, Nasdaq was treated as the accounting and legal acquirer in the business combination with OMX AB. We also completed our acquisitions of PHLX on July 24, 2008, BSX on August 29, 2008 and certain businesses of Nord Pool on October 21, 2008. These acquisitions also have been treated as purchases for accounting purposes, with NASDAQ OMX treated as the acquirer. On December 19, 2008, we purchased a majority stake in IDCG. The financial results of OMX are included in the consolidated financial results beginning on February 27, 2008. PHLX is included beginning July 24, 2008, BSX is included beginning August 29, 2008, certain businesses of Nord Pool are included beginning October 21, 2008 and IDCG is included beginning December 19, 2008. NASDAQ OMX is re-issuing, in an updated format, its historical selected financial data contained in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2008 to satisfy the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, requirements as they relate to the adoptions by NASDAQ OMX in 2009 of (1) Financial Accounting Standards Board Staff Position, or FSP, ABP No. 14-1, Accounting for Convertible Debt Instruments That May Be Settled in Cash Upon Conversion, or FSP APB 14-1 and (2) Statement of Financial Accounting Standards, or SFAS, No.160, Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Financial Statements, an amendment of ARB 51, or SFAS 160, as discussed in Note 2 to the re-issued NASDAQ OMX financials.
The following table sets forth selected financial data on a historical basis for NASDAQ OMX. The following information should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto of NASDAQ OMX included elsewhere in this Form 10-K.
Selected Financial Data (As Adjusted)
Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||
2008 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | 2004 | ||||||||||||||||
(in thousands, except share and per share amounts) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Statements of Income Data: |
||||||||||||||||||||
Total revenues(1) |
$ | 3,650,195 | $ | 2,436,592 | $ | 1,657,776 | $ | 879,919 | $ | 540,441 | ||||||||||
Cost of revenues(1) |
(2,190,103 | ) | (1,624,353 | ) | (970,381 | ) | (353,908 | ) | (55,845 | ) | ||||||||||
Revenues less liquidity rebates, brokerage, clearance and exchange fees |
1,460,092 | 812,239 | 687,395 | 526,011 | 484,596 | |||||||||||||||
Total operating expenses |
819,919 | 446,800 | 467,349 | 412,348 | 476,413 | |||||||||||||||
Net income from continuing operations |
313,270 | 518,401 | 127,893 | 61,690 | 1,804 | |||||||||||||||
Net income from discontinued operations, net of taxes(2) |
| | | | 9,558 | |||||||||||||||
Net income attributable to NASDAQ OMX |
313,270 | 518,401 | 127,893 | 61,690 | 11,362 | |||||||||||||||
Net income (loss) applicable to common stockholders |
313,270 | 518,401 | 127,203 | 55,093 | (1,826 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share: |
||||||||||||||||||||
Basic earnings (loss) per share: |
||||||||||||||||||||
Continuing operations |
$ | 1.65 | $ | 4.47 | $ | 1.22 | $ | 0.68 | $ | (0.14 | ) | |||||||||
Discontinued operations |
| | | | 0.12 | |||||||||||||||
Total basic earnings (loss) per share |
$ | 1.65 | $ | 4.47 | $ | 1.22 | $ | 0.68 | $ | (0.02 | ) | |||||||||
Diluted earnings (loss) per share: |
||||||||||||||||||||
Continuing operations |
$ | 1.55 | $ | 3.46 | $ | 0.95 | $ | 0.57 | $ | (0.14 | ) | |||||||||
Discontinued operations |
| | | | 0.12 | |||||||||||||||
Total diluted earnings (loss) per share |
$ | 1.55 | $ | 3.46 | $ | 0.95 | $ | 0.57 | $ | (0.02 | ) | |||||||||
Weighted-average common shares outstanding for earnings (loss) per share: |
||||||||||||||||||||
Basic |
190,362,605 | 116,064,240 | 104,311,040 | 80,543,397 | 78,607,126 | |||||||||||||||
Diluted |
204,514,862 | 152,528,691 | 144,228,855 | 111,913,715 | 78,607,126 | |||||||||||||||
December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||
2008 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | 2004 | ||||||||||||||||
(in thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Balance Sheets Data: |
||||||||||||||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash and financial investments(3) |
$ | 793,065 | $ | 1,325,314 | $ | 1,950,204 | $ | 344,606 | $ | 233,099 | ||||||||||
Total assets(3) |
12,752,080 | 2,979,397 | 3,716,452 | 2,046,786 | 814,820 | |||||||||||||||
Total long-term liabilities(3) |
3,371,100 | 359,917 | 1,798,466 | 1,467,453 | 449,941 | |||||||||||||||
Total equity |
4,303,116 | 2,208,283 | 1,457,355 | 253,007 | 156,563 |
(1) | Pursuant to Emerging Issues Task Force, or EITF, of the Financial Accounting Standards Board, or FASB, Issue No. 99-19, Reporting Revenue Gross as a Principal versus Net as an Agent, or EITF 99-19, we record execution revenues from transactions on a gross basis in revenues and record related expenses as cost of revenues. We have recorded execution revenues related to the Brut and INET platforms on a gross basis since the related acquisitions, as Brut and INET have historically had risk as principal on transactions executed through their respective platforms. On February 1, 2006, Brut and INET merged together into a single broker-dealer, Brut, LLC, which was later renamed, Nasdaq Execution Services, LLC. Starting with the second quarter of 2005, we have reported execution revenues from transactions on our legacy platform on a gross basis in revenues and reported related expenses as cost of revenues, as we have certain risk associated with trade execution, subject to rule limitations and caps, as a result of our Limitation of Liability Rule and procedures. This change in presentation was implemented on a prospective basis beginning April 1, 2005 as required under U.S. GAAP, as a direct result of the rule change. This rule change did not have a material impact on the consolidated financial position or results of operations of NASDAQ OMX. |
(2) | Net of tax provision for income taxes of $5,595 in 2004. |
(3) | At December 31, 2006, cash and cash equivalents and financial investments included our investment in the LSE, accounted for in accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards, or SFAS, No. 115 Accounting for Certain Investments in Debt and Equity Securities, or SFAS 115. See Note 7, Financial Investments, at Fair Value, to the consolidated financial statements for further discussion. Unrealized gains and losses, including foreign currency gains, were included in accumulated other comprehensive income until the sale of the shares in September 2007. On September 25, 2007, we completed the sale of shares at that time representing 28.0% of the share capital of the LSE to Borse Dubai for $1.6 billion in cash. We sold the remaining substantial balance of our holdings in the LSE in open market transactions for approximately $193.5 million in cash on September 26, 2007 for total proceeds of $1.8 billion. As a result of the sale, we recognized a $431.4 million pre-tax gain which is net of $18.0 million of costs directly related to the sale, primarily broker fees. On September 28, 2007, we used approximately $1.1 billion of the proceeds from the above transactions to repay in full and terminate our credit facilities. |
Item 7. Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
You should read the following discussion and analysis of the financial condition and results of operations of NASDAQ OMX in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and related notes included in this Form 10-K, as well as the discussion under Item 1A. Risk Factors. NASDAQ OMX is re-issuing, in an updated format, its managements discussion and analysis
of financial condition and results of operations contained in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2008 to satisfy the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, requirements as they relate to the adoptions by NASDAQ OMX in 2009 of (1) Financial Accounting Standards Board Staff Position, or FSP, ABP No. 14-1, Accounting for Convertible Debt Instruments That May Be Settled in Cash Upon Conversion, or FSP APB 14-1 and (2) Statement of Financial Accounting Standards, or SFAS, No. 160, Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Financial Statements, an amendment of ARB 51, or SFAS 160, as discussed in Note 2 to the re-issued NASDAQ OMX financials.
Overview
On February 27, 2008, Nasdaq and OMX AB combined their businesses and Nasdaq was renamed The NASDAQ OMX Group, Inc. Under the purchase method of accounting, Nasdaq was treated as the accounting and legal acquirer in the business combination with OMX AB. We also completed our acquisitions of PHLX on July 24, 2008, BSX on August 29, 2008 and certain businesses of Nord Pool on October 21, 2008. These acquisitions also have been treated as purchases for accounting purposes, with NASDAQ OMX treated as the acquirer. On December 19, 2008, we purchased a majority stake in IDCG. The financial results of OMX are included in the consolidated financial results beginning on February 27, 2008. PHLX is included beginning July 24, 2008, BSX is included beginning August 29, 2008, certain businesses of Nord Pool are included beginning October 21, 2008 and IDCG is included beginning December 19, 2008.
Financial Highlights
The comparability of our operating results for the year ended December 31, 2008 to the same periods in 2007 and 2006 are significantly impacted by our business combination with OMX AB as well as our acquisition of PHLX. In our discussion and analysis of results of operations, we have quantified the contribution of additional revenues or expenses resulting from OMX and NASDAQ OMX PHLX operations wherever such amounts were material. While identified amounts may provide indications of general trends, the analysis cannot completely address the effects attributable to integration efforts.
The following pre-tax items impacted our 2008 results:
| Improved revenues less liquidity rebates, brokerage, clearance and exchange fees from our Market Services segment, which increased $458.2 million, or 86.8%, to $986.3 million in 2008, compared with $528.1 million in 2007 due to the following: |
| Increases in the average daily share volume and trade execution market share for NYSE-listed securities and regional-listed securities, partially offset by higher cost of revenues; and |
| The inclusion of our European Market Services revenues in 2008 of $323.4 million and NASDAQ OMX PHLXs revenues less liquidity rebates, brokerage, clearance and exchange fees of $70.0 million. |
| Increase in our Issuer Services segment revenues of $59.3 million, or 20.9%, to $343.2 million in 2008, compared with $283.9 million in 2007, primarily due to the inclusion of European listing fees in 2008 of $48.1 million. |
| Market Technology revenues of $118.8 million resulting from OMX operations since the date of the business combination. |
| Increase in total operating expenses of $373.1 million, or 83.5%, to $819.9 million in 2008, compared with $446.8 million in 2007, primarily due to the inclusion of OMXs operating expenses in 2008 of $308.6 million and NASDAQ OMX PHLXs operating expenses of $43.8 million. |
| Loss on foreign currency contracts of $57.9 million in the Consolidated Statements of Income, primarily related to the Nord Pool transaction and losses on forward currency contracts used to limit our exposure to foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations on contracted revenue streams, partially offset by gains on foreign currency contracts related to our business combination with OMX AB. |
| Asset impairment charges of $42.2 million primarily related to a non-cash other-than-temporary impairment on a long-term available-for-sale investment security. |
These current and prior year items are discussed in more detail below.
Business Environment
We serve listed companies, market participants and investors by providing high quality cash equity, fixed-income and derivative markets, thereby facilitating economic growth and corporate entrepreneurship. We also provide market technology to exchanges and markets around the world. In broad terms, our business performance is impacted by a number of drivers including macroeconomic events affecting the risk and return of financial assets, investor sentiment regarding the outlook for equity investments, government and private sector demands for capital, the regulatory environment for primary and secondary equity markets, and changing technology in the financial services industry. Our future revenues and net income will continue to be influenced by domestic and international trends including:
| The number of companies seeking equity financing, which is affected by factors such as investor demand, the global economy, alternative sources of financing, and tax and regulatory policies; |
| Trading volumes, particularly in U.S. and Nordic equity and derivative securities, which are driven primarily by overall macroeconomic conditions; |
| The loss of confidence in the credit markets, which has restricted availability of liquidity to technology customers, our suppliers, trading participants and listed companies from sources such as bank lending, the commercial paper market and the asset securitization market; |
| The failure of certain market participants and the partial or complete takeover of financial institutions by national governments; |
| The reduction in the ability of our fixed-income issuers to access the credit markets due to ratings downgrades or illiquidity in the market; |
| The impact on the economic strength of technology customers and suppliers arising from the securities market declines and the economic slowdown; |
| Competition for listings and trading executions related to pricing, and product and service offerings; and |
| Other technological advancements and regulatory developments. |
Currently our business drivers are characterized by historically high levels of investor uncertainty about the outlook for financial institutions and global economic growth, similarly high levels of market volatility, industry adaptation to major regulatory initiatives (particularly MiFID in the European economic area) and continued rapid evolution and deployment of new technology in the financial services industry. The business environment that influenced our financial performance during the full year 2008 can be characterized as follows:
| The slowest pace of equity issuance since the late 1970s with 13 IPOs in the U.S. and 19 on the exchanges that comprise NASDAQ OMX Nordic and NASDAQ OMX Baltic relative to the full year 2008; |
| Continued reduced access to debt and equity capital for both new and established companies; |
| Very strong 51% annual growth relative to the full year 2007 in equity matched trading volume in the U.S. driven by growth in our market share of NYSE- and regional-listed securities as well as market volatility; |
| Higher levels of volatility, as well as decreasing trade size, also drove 16% growth relative to the full year 2007 in the number of equity transactions on our Nordic and Baltic exchanges, which was offset by a 28% decrease in the value of equity transactions caused in large part by falling equity prices; |
| Our Nordic and Baltic exchanges experienced a 1% decline relative to the year 2007 in number of traded derivatives contracts in equity related products; |
| There was a 12% increase relative to the full year of 2007 in number of cleared derivatives contracts in fixed-income related products on our Nordic and Baltic exchanges; |
| Intense competition among U.S. exchanges for both equity trading volume and listings and growing competition in Europe as new trading platforms, including NASDAQ OMX Europe, are launched in response to MiFID; |
| Globalization of exchanges, customers and competitors extending the competitive horizon beyond national markets; |
| Consolidation of major global customers as financial institutions are acquired, merge, and restructure; and, |
| Market trends requiring continued investment in technology to meet customers demands for speed, capacity, and reliability as markets adapt to a global financial industry, as increased numbers of new companies surface, and as emerging countries show ongoing interest in developing their financial markets. |
2009 Outlook
We closed several acquisitions and launched strategic initiatives during 2008 which should benefit us during the challenging economic environment anticipated for 2009. In 2008, more share value traded on The NASDAQ Stock Market than on any other single equities exchange in the world. Our platform has stood out as a reliable, flexible, and high capacity system delivering high levels of execution quality and speed under even the extremely demanding market conditions that existed in the second half of 2008. For the first time, we expanded the application of our U.S. INET trading system beyond U.S. cash equities with the launch of The NASDAQ Options Market and NASDAQ OMX Europe in 2008. The standout performance and flexibility of our technology has enabled us to enter new markets with a low cost and highly regarded platform offering strong performance to both existing and new clients and creating additional sales opportunities to both our Transactions Services and Market Data businesses.
Our experience with The NASDAQ Options Market and NASDAQ OMX Europe form the basis for our domestic outlook for 2009. Following our acquisition of BSX and SEC approval, we launched NASDAQ OMX BX in early 2009 to provide an additional quote for market participants who want to use NASDAQ OMXs high performance systems to post multiple protected quotes under Regulation NMS. We are also replacing the matching technology of NASDAQ OMX PHLX with a system based on INET technology like The NASDAQ Options Market. The use of INET technology enables us to continue to support the NASDAQ OMX PHLX options market structure as a complement to The NASDAQ Options Market but at significantly reduced technology-related cost. The acquisition of PHLX has opened up new content for enhancing our market data offerings and entering the clearing business for interest rate swaps. We also have announced our intention to enter the clearing business for cash equities as a result of our BSX acquisition.
Internationally, the business combination with OMX AB and the launch of NASDAQ OMX Europe open a number of additional opportunities. We are well underway in preparing to replace the matching technology of the exchanges that comprise NASDAQ OMX Nordic and NASDAQ OMX Baltic with the INET technology platform which will provide the benefits of that system to these marketplaces. NASDAQ OMX Europe is continuing to expand and will benefit relative to many of its competitors from the cost savings associated with operating on a common INET technology with our other markets. Furthermore, we expect the extension of our world class technology systems such as INET across our global exchanges to further enhance our competitive position and to open new opportunities for technology sales. We have begun to leverage the opportunities in market data brought about by the breadth of NASDAQ OMXs data distribution capabilities by offering new data products to the customer base and by strengthening our direct relationships with those customers.
We believe that the challenging economic conditions ahead will likely have a negative impact on our business drivers and our operations. The relatively low prices of equity and turmoil in the banking industry will likely continue to negatively impact our Issuer Services segment by reducing the anticipated number of IPOs and capital formation more generally. We believe that in this challenging environment our aggressive steps in meeting our cost, revenue, and technology synergies will enable us to benefit from the acquisitions and initiatives undertaken in 2008. Our global brand has been enhanced from the business combination of Nasdaq and OMX AB, as well as our investment in NASDAQ Dubai, creating new business and strategic opportunities. We expect that we will continue to realize additional sources of revenue from enhanced product offerings and/or acquisitions which are complementary to our existing businesses.
Business Segments
We manage, operate and provide our products and services in three business segments: Market Services, Issuer Services and Market Technology.
| The Market Services segment includes our U.S. and European Transaction Services businesses and our Market Data business, which are interrelated because the Transaction Services businesses generate the quote and trade information that we sell to market participants and data distributors. Market Services also includes our Broker Services business. |
| The Issuer Services segment includes our Global Listing Services and the Global Index Group businesses. The companies listed on The NASDAQ Stock Market and the exchanges that comprise NASDAQ OMX Nordic and NASDAQ OMX Baltic represent a diverse array of industries. This diversity of companies listed on NASDAQ OMX markets allows us to develop industry-specific and other indexes that we use to develop and license NASDAQ OMX branded indexes, associated derivatives and index products as part of our Global Index Group. |
| The Market Technology segment provides technology solutions for trading, clearing and settlement, and information dissemination, and also offers facility management integration and advisory services. |
Our management has allocated resources, assessed performance and manages these businesses as three separate segments. See Note 21, Segments, to the consolidated financial statements for further discussion.
Sources of Revenues and Cost of Revenues
Market Services Revenues
Transaction Services
U.S. Cash Equity Trading
U.S. cash equity trading revenues are variable, based on service volumes, and recognized as transactions occur. We charge transaction fees for executing cash equity trades in NASDAQ-listed and other listed securities on The NASDAQ Stock Market as well as on orders that are routed to other market venues for execution.
We credit a portion of the per share execution charge to the market participant that provides the liquidity and record the liquidity rebate as a cost of revenues in the Consolidated Statements of Income. These liquidity rebates are paid on a monthly basis and the amounts due are included in accounts payable and accrued expenses in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Also, we pay Section 31 fees to the SEC for supervision and regulation of securities markets. We pass these costs along to our customers through our cash equity trading fees. We collect the fees as a pass-through charge from organizations executing eligible trades on The NASDAQ Stock Market platform and we recognize these amounts in cost of revenues when invoiced. Section 31 fees received are included in cash and cash equivalents in the Consolidated Balance Sheets at the time of receipt and, as required by law, the amount due to the SEC is remitted semiannually and recorded as Section 31 fees payable to the SEC in the Consolidated Balance Sheets until paid. Since the amount recorded in revenues is equal to the amount recorded in cost of revenues, there is no impact on our revenues less liquidity rebates, brokerage, clearance and exchange fees. As we hold the cash received until payment to the SEC, we earn interest income on the related cash balances.
We closed the acquisition of BSX in August 2008. We used the BSX license to create a second U.S. cash equities market, called NASDAQ OMX BX, which was launched in January 2009. With NASDAQ OMX BX, we offer a second quote within the U.S. equities marketplace, providing our customers enhanced trading choices and price flexibility. We expect to generate revenues for executing cash equity trades on NASDAQ OMX BX in the same manner as we do for trading on The NASDAQ Stock Market.
European Cash Equity Trading
We charge transaction fees for executing trades on the exchanges that comprise NASDAQ OMX Nordic and NASDAQ OMX Baltic, as well as on NASDAQ OMX Europe. The transaction fee for executing trades on the exchanges that comprise NASDAQ OMX Nordic and NASDAQ OMX Baltic is charged per executed order and as per value traded. European cash equity trading revenues on NASDAQ OMX Europe are variable, based on service volumes, and recognized as transactions occur.
U.S. Derivative Trading
U.S. derivative trading revenues are variable, based on service volumes, and recognized as transactions occur. The principal types of derivative contracts traded on NASDAQ OMX PHLX and The NASDAQ Options Market are equity options, index options and currency options. In the U.S., we also operate NFX, which offers trading for currency futures and other financial futures.
European Derivative Trading
European derivative trading revenues are also variable, are based on service volumes and are recognized as transactions occur. Derivative trading is conducted on NASDAQ OMX Stockholm and NASDAQ OMX Copenhagen. The principal types of derivative contracts traded are stock options and futures, index options and futures, fixed-income options and futures and stock loans. On NASDAQ OMX Stockholm, we offer clearing services for fixed-income options and futures, stock options and futures and index options and futures by serving as the central counterparty. In doing so, we guarantee the completion of the transaction and market participants can thereby limit their counterparty risk. The fee for executing derivative trading on NASDAQ OMX Stockholm is an integrated fee for both trading and clearing service.
European derivative trading revenues also include commodities clearing revenues. NASDAQ OMX Commodities, together with third party partner Nord Pool, provides access to the worlds largest power derivatives markets and one of Europes largest carbon markets. NASDAQ OMX Commodities offers international derivatives and carbon products, operates a clearing business and offers consulting services to commodities markets globally. Nord Pool is responsible for exchange operations and trading activities, including ownership of Nordic derivatives products. Our clearing revenues from trading transactions on Nord Pool are variable, are based on service volumes and are recognized as transactions occur. We also have clearing revenues for contracts traded on the OTC derivative market which are recognized when contracts are registered for clearing.
Access Services
We generate revenues by providing market participants with several alternatives for accessing our markets for a fee. The type of connectivity is determined by the level of functionality a customer needs. As a result, Access Services revenues vary depending on the type of connection provided to customers. We also earn revenues from annual and monthly exchange membership and registration fees. Revenues for providing access to our markets and revenues for monthly exchange membership and registration fees are recognized on a monthly basis as the service is provided. Revenues from annual fees for exchange membership and registration fees are recognized ratably over the following 12-month period.
Market Data
Market Data revenues are earned from U.S tape plans and U.S. and European market data products.
Net U.S. Tape Plans
Revenues from U.S. tape plans include eligible UTP Plan revenues which are shared among UTP Plan participants. Under the revenue sharing provision of the UTP Plan, we are permitted to deduct costs associated with acting as the exclusive Securities Information Processor from the total amount of tape fees collected. After these costs are deducted from the tape fees, we distribute to the respective UTP Plan participants, including The NASDAQ Stock Market, their share of tape fees based on a formula, required by Regulation NMS that takes into account both trading and quoting activity. In addition, all quotes and trades in NYSE- and NYSE Alternext-listed securities are reported and disseminated in real time, and as such, we share in the tape fees for information on NYSE- and NYSE Alternext-listed securities. Revenues from net U.S. tape plans are recognized on a monthly basis.
U.S. Market Data Products
We collect and process information and earn revenues as a distributor of our market data. We provide varying levels of quote and trade information to data distributors, who in turn sell subscriptions for this information to the public. We earn revenues primarily based on the number of data subscribers and distributors of our data. U.S. Market Data revenues are recognized on a monthly basis. These revenues, which are subscription based, are recorded net of amounts due under revenue sharing arrangements with market participants.
European Market Data Products
European Market Data revenues, which are subscription based, are generated primarily through the sale and distribution of trading information based on data generated through trading on the exchanges that comprise NASDAQ OMX Nordic and NASDAQ OMX Baltic and are recognized on a monthly basis.
Broker Services
Our Broker Services operations offer technology and customized securities administration solutions to financial participants in the Nordic market and in the United Kingdom. The primary services offered include flexible back-office systems. Our services allow customers to entirely or partly outsource their companys back-office functions. Revenues from broker services are based on a fixed basic fee for administration or licensing, maintenance and operations, and a variable portion that depends on the number of transactions completed. Broker Services revenues are recognized on a continuous basis as services are rendered.
Issuer Services Revenues
Global Listing Services
Listing Services revenues in the U.S. include annual renewal fees, listing of additional shares fees and initial listing fees. Annual renewal fees are recognized ratably over the following 12-month period. Listing of additional shares fees and initial listing fees are recognized on a straight-line basis over estimated service periods, which are four and six years, respectively, based on our historical listing experience, pursuant to the requirements of SAB Topic 13. European listing fees, which are comprised of issuers revenues derived from annual fees received from listed companies on the exchanges that comprise NASDAQ OMX Nordic and NASDAQ OMX Baltic, are directly related to the listed companies market capitalization. These revenues are recognized ratably over the following 12-month period.
Global Listing Services revenues also include fees from Corporate Services which include commission income from Carpenter Moores insurance agency business, subscription income from Shareholder.com and Directors Desk and fees from GlobeNewswire, formerly PrimeNewswire. For our insurance agency business, commission income is recognized when coverage becomes effective, the premium due under the policy is known or can be reasonably estimated, and substantially all required services related to placing the insurance have been provided. Fee income for services other than placement of insurance coverage is recognized as those services are provided. Broker commission adjustments and commissions on premiums billed directly by underwriters are recognized when such amounts can be reasonably estimated. Shareholder.com revenues are based on subscription agreements with customers. Revenues from subscription agreements are recognized ratably over the contract period, generally one year in length. As part of subscription
services, customers are also charged usage fees based upon actual usage of the services provided. Revenues from usage fees and other services are recognized when earned. Directors Desk revenues are based on subscriptions for online services for directors. Subscriptions are one year in length and revenues are recognized ratably over the year. GlobeNewswire generates fees primarily from wire distribution services, and revenues are recognized as services are provided.
Global Index Group
Global Index Group revenues include license fees for our trademark licenses related to index products linked to our indexes issued in the U. S. and abroad. We develop and license NASDAQ OMX branded indexes, associated derivatives and financial products as part of our Global Index Group business. We also generate revenues by licensing and listing third-party structured products and third-party sponsored ETFs. We primarily have two types of license agreements: transaction-based licenses and asset-based licenses. Transaction-based licenses are generally renewable long-term agreements. Customers are charged based on transaction volume or a minimum contract amount, or both. If a customer is charged based on transaction volume, we recognize revenue when the transaction occurs. If a customer is charged based on a minimum contract amount, we recognize revenue on a pro-rata basis over the licensing term. Asset-based licenses are also generally long-term agreements. Customers are charged based on a percentage of assets under management for licensed products, per the agreement, on a monthly or quarterly basis. These revenues are recorded on a monthly or quarterly basis over the term of the license agreement.
Market Technology Revenues
The Market Technology segment delivers technology and services to marketplaces throughout the world. Market Technology provides technology solutions for trading, clearing and settlement, and information dissemination, and also offers facility management integration and advisory services. Revenues are derived from three primary sources: licensing, support and project revenues, facility management services revenues and other revenues. Revenues related to Market Technology are accounted for in accordance with SOP 97-2 and SOP 81-1, depending upon the terms of the Market Technology contracts.
We may customize our software technology and make significant modifications to the software to meet the needs of our customers. As such, we account for these Market Technology contracts pursuant to the provisions of SOP 81-1. Under contract accounting, total revenues and costs incurred for a customer under a customer contract are deferred and recognized over the final element, generally the post contract support period. We have included the deferral of this revenue in other liabilities and the deferral of costs in other assets in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
We enter into sales arrangements with customers for software programs, support and other post-contract services. SOP 97-2 sets out precise requirements for establishing Vendor Specific Objective Evidence, or VSOE, for valuing elements of certain multiple-element arrangements. When VSOE for individual elements of an arrangement cannot be established in accordance with SOP 97-2, revenue is generally deferred and recognized over the term of the final element. We do not have VSOE for certain elements of certain multiple-element arrangements with customers. Therefore, as stated above, for contracts which are accounted for under contract accounting, total revenues and costs incurred for a customer under a customer contract are deferred and recognized over the post contract support period after the significant modifications have been completed.
License, support and project revenues are derived from the system solutions developed and sold by NASDAQ OMX. After we have developed and sold a system solution, the customer licenses the right to use the software. Each project involves individual adaptations to the specific requirements of the customer, for instance, relating to functionality and capacity. When NASDAQ OMX provides a system solution, it undertakes to upgrade, develop and maintain the system and receives regular support revenues for this work which is recognized over the contract period. Under contract accounting, where customization and significant modifications to the software are made to meet the needs of our customers, total revenues, as well as costs incurred, are deferred until the customization and significant modifications are complete and are then recognized over the support period.
Facility management services revenues are derived when NASDAQ OMX assumes responsibility for the continuous operation of a system platform for a customer and receives facility management services revenues which can be both fixed and volume-based. Facility management services revenues are recognized as services are rendered over the contract period after delivery has occurred.
Other revenues include amortization of the deferred revenue related to our contribution of technology licenses to NASDAQ Dubai. See Equity Investment in NASDAQ Dubai, of Note 3, Business Combinations, to the consolidated financial statements for further discussion of our transaction with NASDAQ Dubai. In addition, other revenues include advisory services that are recognized in revenue when earned.
NASDAQ OMXs Operating Results
Key Drivers
The following table includes key drivers for our Market Services, Issuer Services, and Market Technology segments. In evaluating the performance of our business, our senior management closely watches these key drivers.
Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||
2008 | 2007 | 2006 | ||||||||
Market Services |
||||||||||
Cash Equity Trading |
||||||||||
Average daily share volume in NASDAQ securities (in billions) |
2.28 | 2.17 | 2.01 | |||||||
Matched market share in NASDAQ securities(1) |
43.2 | % | 46.1 | % | 48.5 | % | ||||
Market share reported to the FINRA/NASDAQ Trade Reporting Facility in NASDAQ securities(2) |
22.6 | % | 25.3 | % | | |||||
Total market share in NASDAQ securities(3) |
65.8 | % | 71.4 | % | 77.2 | % | ||||
Matched market share in NYSE securities(1) |
22.2 | % | 17.1 | % | 10.4 | % | ||||
Market share reported to the FINRA/NASDAQ Trade Reporting Facility in NYSE securities(2) |
19.3 | % | 18.0 | % | | |||||
Total market share in NYSE securities(3) |
41.5 | % | 35.1 | % | 25.8 | % | ||||
Matched market share in NYSE Alternext (formerly Amex) and regional securities(1) |
35.1 | % | 33.3 | % | 24.5 | % | ||||
Market share reported to the FINRA/NASDAQ Trade Reporting Facility in NYSE Alternext and regional securities(2) |
16.2 | % | 19.4 | % | | |||||
Total market share in NYSE Alternext and regional securities(3) |
51.4 | % | 52.7 | % | 46.4 | % | ||||
Matched share volume in all U.S.-listed equities (in billions) |
665.9 | 442.0 | 331.0 | |||||||
Matched market share in all U.S.-listed equities(1) |
29.8 | % | 29.1 | % | 27.3 | % | ||||
Average daily number of equity trades on the exchanges that comprise NASDAQ OMX Nordic and NASDAQ OMX Baltic |
213,481 | | | |||||||
Average daily value of shares traded on the exchanges that comprise NASDAQ OMX Nordic and NASDAQ OMX Baltic (in billions) |
$ | 5.0 | | | ||||||
Derivative Trading |
||||||||||
Average daily volume of U.S. equity contracts (in millions) |
13.0 | | | |||||||
NASDAQ OMX PHLX matched market share of U.S. equity options |
16.4 | % | | | ||||||
The NASDAQ Options Market matched market share of U.S. equity options |
1.0 | % | | | ||||||
Average daily volume of equity and fixed-income contracts traded on the exchanges that comprise NASDAQ OMX Nordic and NASDAQ OMX Baltic |
418,773 | | | |||||||
Average daily volume of Nordic equity contracts traded on EDX London |
153,686 | | | |||||||
Average daily volume of Finnish option contracts traded on Eurex |
73,870 | | | |||||||
Issuer Services |
||||||||||
Initial public offerings: |
||||||||||
NASDAQ |
13 | 132 | 137 | |||||||
Exchanges that comprise NASDAQ OMX Nordic and NASDAQ OMX Baltic |
17 | | | |||||||
New listings: |
||||||||||
NASDAQ(4) |
177 | 290 | 285 | |||||||
Exchanges that comprise NASDAQ OMX Nordic and NASDAQ OMX Baltic |
31 | | | |||||||
Number of listed companies: |
||||||||||
NASDAQ(5) |
3,023 | 3,135 | 3,193 | |||||||
Exchanges that comprise NASDAQ OMX Nordic and NASDAQ OMX Baltic(6) |
824 | | | |||||||
Market Technology |
||||||||||
Order intake (in millions)(7) |
$ | 229.0 | | | ||||||
Total order value (in millions)(8) |
$ | 358.8 | | |
(1) | Transactions executed on NASDAQs systems. |
(2) | Transactions reported to the FINRA/NASDAQ TRF. |
(3) | Transactions executed on NASDAQs systems plus trades reported through the FINRA/NASDAQ TRF. |
(4) | New listings include IPOs, including those completed on a best efforts basis, issuers that switched from other listing venues, closed-end funds and separately listed ETFs. |
(5) | Number of listed companies for NASDAQ also includes separately listed ETFs. |
(6) | Represents companies listed on the exchanges that comprise NASDAQ OMX Nordic and NASDAQ OMX Baltic and companies on the alternative markets, NASDAQ OMX First North. |
(7) | Total contract value of orders signed. |
(8) | Represents total contract value of orders signed that are yet to be recognized as revenue. |
Segment Operating Results
Of our total 2008 revenues of $3,650.2 million, 87.0% was from our Market Services segment, 9.4% was from our Issuer Services segment, 3.3% was from our Market Technology segment and 0.3% related to other revenues. Of our total 2007 revenues of $2,436.6 million, 88.3% was from our Market Services segment and 11.7% was from our Issuer Services segment. Of our total 2006 revenues of $1,657.8 million, 84.9% was from our Market Services segment and 15.1% was from our Issuer Services segment.
The following table shows our total revenues, cost of revenues and revenues less liquidity rebates, brokerage, clearance and exchange fees by segment:
Year Ended December 31, | Percentage Change | |||||||||||||||||
2008 | 2007 | 2006 | 2008 vs. 2007 | 2007 vs. 2006 | ||||||||||||||
As Adjusted (in millions) |
As Adjusted | |||||||||||||||||
Market Services |
$ | 3,176.4 | $ | 2,152.4 | $ | 1,408.3 | 47.6 | % | 52.8 | % | ||||||||
Issuer Services |
343.2 | 283.9 | 249.0 | 20.9 | % | 14.0 | % | |||||||||||
Market Technology |
118.8 | | | # | | |||||||||||||
Other |
11.8 | 0.3 | 0.5 | # | (40.0 | )% | ||||||||||||
Total revenues |
$ | 3,650.2 | $ | 2,436.6 | $ | 1,657.8 | 49.8 | % | 47.0 | % | ||||||||
Cost of revenues |
(2,190.1 | ) | (1,624.3 | ) | (970.4 | ) | 34.8 | % | 67.4 | % | ||||||||
Revenues less liquidity rebates, brokerage, clearance and exchange fees |
$ | 1,460.1 | $ | 812.3 | $ | 687.4 | 79.7 | % | 18.2 | % | ||||||||
# | Denotes a variance equal to or greater than 100.0%. |
MARKET SERVICES
The following table shows total revenues less liquidity rebates, brokerage, clearance and exchange fees from our Market Services segment:
Year Ended December 31, | Percentage Change | |||||||||||||||||
2008 | 2007 | 2006 | 2008 vs. 2007 | 2007 vs. 2006 | ||||||||||||||
(As Adjusted) (in millions) |
(As Adjusted) | |||||||||||||||||
Transaction Services |
||||||||||||||||||
Cash Equity Trading Revenues: |
||||||||||||||||||
U.S. cash equity trading(1) |
$ | 2,411.5 | $ | 1,806.3 | $ | 1,121.2 | 33.5 | % | 61.1 | % | ||||||||
Cost of revenues: |
||||||||||||||||||
Liquidity rebates |
(1,717.8 | ) | (1,049.8 | ) | (644.9 | ) | 63.6 | % | 62.8 | % | ||||||||
Brokerage, clearance and exchange fees(1) |
(444.1 | ) | (574.5 | ) | (325.5 | ) | (22.7 | )% | 76.5 | % | ||||||||
Total U.S. cash equity cost of revenues |
(2,161.9 | ) | (1,624.3 | ) | (970.4 | ) | 33.1 | % | 67.4 | % | ||||||||
Net U.S. cash equity trading revenues |
249.6 | 182.0 | 150.8 | 37.1 | % | 20.7 | % | |||||||||||
European cash equity trading |
116.2 | | | # | # | |||||||||||||
Total cash equity trading revenues |
365.8 | 182.0 | 150.8 | # | 20.7 | % | ||||||||||||
Derivative Trading Revenues: |
||||||||||||||||||
U.S. derivative trading (2) |
93.2 | | | # | # | |||||||||||||
Cost of revenues: |
||||||||||||||||||
Liquidity rebates |
(26.5 | ) | | | # | # | ||||||||||||
Brokerage, clearance and exchange fees(2) |
(1.7 | ) | | | # | # | ||||||||||||
Total U.S derivative trading cost of revenues |
(28.2 | ) | | | # | # | ||||||||||||
Net U.S. derivative trading revenues |
65.0 | | | # | # | |||||||||||||
European derivative trading |
64.0 | | | # | # | |||||||||||||
Total derivative trading revenues |
129.0 | | | # | # | |||||||||||||
Access Services Revenues |
112.2 | 77.0 | 57.5 | 45.7 | % | 33.9 | % | |||||||||||
Total Transaction Services revenues less liquidity rebates, brokerage, clearance and exchange fees |
607.0 | 259.0 | 208.3 | # | 24.3 | % | ||||||||||||
Market Data |
||||||||||||||||||
Net U.S. tape plans |
145.6 | 149.9 | 128.9 | (2.9 | )% | 16.3 | % | |||||||||||
U.S. market data products |
106.8 | 89.6 | 69.6 | 19.2 | % | 28.7 | % | |||||||||||
European market data products |
77.5 | | | # | # | |||||||||||||
Total Market Data revenues |
329.9 | 239.5 | 198.5 | 37.7 | % | 20.7 | % | |||||||||||
Broker Services |
41.6 | | | # | # | |||||||||||||
Other Market Services |
7.8 | 29.6 | 31.1 | (73.6 | )% | (4.8 | )% | |||||||||||
Total Market Services revenues less liquidity rebates, brokerage, clearance and exchange fees |
$ | 986.3 | $ | 528.1 | $ | 437.9 | 86.8 | % | 20.6 | % | ||||||||
# | Denotes a variance equal to or greater than 100.0%. |
(1) | Includes Section 31 fees of $207.3 million in 2008, $365.0 million in 2007 and $170.6 million in 2006. The decrease in 2008 compared with 2007 is primarily due to rate reductions in 2008. The increase in 2007 compared to 2006 is primarily due to fees collected as a result of The NASDAQ Stock Markets operation as a national securities exchange for NASDAQ-listed securities beginning August 1, 2006 and for non-NASDAQ-listed securities beginning February 12, 2007. Section 31 fees are recorded as U.S. cash equity trading revenues with a corresponding amount recorded in cost of revenues. |
(2) | Includes Section 31 fees of $1.7 million in 2008. Section 31 fees are recorded as U.S. derivative trading revenues with a corresponding amount recorded in cost of revenues. |
Transaction Services
Cash Equity Trading Revenues
Cash equity trading revenues increased in 2008 compared with 2007 and in 2007 compared with 2006. The increase in 2008 was primarily due to an increase in trade execution market share and average daily share volume in NYSE- and regional-listed securities primarily due to competitive pricing and systems capacity advantages. Partially offsetting this increase were lower Section 31 revenues due to lower rates charged by us to customers beginning January 2008. In 2008, cash equity trading revenues also include European cash equity trading revenues of $116.2 million which includes trading revenues from equity products traded on the exchanges that comprise NASDAQ OMX Nordic and NASDAQ OMX Baltic. The increase in 2007 compared to 2006 was primarily due to increases in trade execution market share in NYSE- and NYSE Alternext-listed securities, fees collected as a result of NASDAQs operation as a national securities exchange and increases in average daily share volume. In February 2007, we announced new equities pricing to harmonize the trading of NASDAQ-listed and non-NASDAQ-listed securities into one pricing schedule. We also announced a pricing change, effective March 1, 2007, that lowered execution and routing fees for high volume customers. As a result of these pricing changes, our matched market share in U.S.-listed equities has increased which also contributed to the increase in our execution and trade reporting revenues.
As discussed above, we record Section 31 fees as cash equity trading revenues with a corresponding amount recorded as cost of revenues. We are assessed these fees from the SEC and pass them through to our customers in the form of incremental fees. Since the amount recorded in revenues is equal to the amount recorded in cost of revenues, there is no impact on our revenues less liquidity rebates, brokerage, clearance and exchange fees. Section 31 fees were $207.3 million in 2008, $365.0 million in 2007 and $170.6 million in 2006. The decrease in 2008 compared with 2007 is primarily due to rate reductions in 2008. The increase in 2007 compared to 2006 is primarily due to fees collected as a result of The NASDAQ Stock Markets operation as a national securities exchange for NASDAQ-listed securities beginning August 1, 2006 and February 12, 2007 for non-NASDAQ-listed securities.
Liquidity rebates, in which we credit a portion of the per share execution charge to the market participant that provides the liquidity, increased in 2008 compared with 2007 and in 2007 compared with 2006. The increase in liquidity rebates in 2008 compared with 2007 was primarily due to increases in average daily share volume in NYSE- and regional-listed securities. The increase in liquidity rebates in 2007 compared with 2006 was primarily due to increases in trade execution market share for NYSE- and NYSE Alternext-listed securities and the pricing changes discussed above.
Brokerage, clearance and exchange fees decreased in 2008 compared with 2007 and increased in 2007 compared with 2006. The decrease in 2008 compared with 2007 was primarily due to lower rates charged on Section 31 fees in 2008. The increase in 2007 compared with 2006 was primarily due to additional Section 31 fees due to The NASDAQ Stock Markets operation as a national securities exchange and increases in trade execution market share for NYSE- and NYSE Alternext-listed securities. As noted above, effective August 1, 2006, as a result of The NASDAQ Stock Markets operation as a national securities exchange, additional Section 31 fees were recorded as execution and trade reporting revenues as well as a corresponding cost of revenues. Partially offsetting the increase in 2007 was a decline in clearance costs due to our migration to a single trading platform.
Derivative Trading Revenues
U.S. derivative trading revenues in 2008 primarily include NASDAQ OMX PHLXs derivative trading revenues of $78.2 million from the date of acquisition and revenues from The NASDAQ Options Market from the date of launch on March 31, 2008. Derivative trading revenues also include European derivative trading revenues of $64.0 million in 2008 which includes trading and clearing revenues from derivative products traded on NASDAQ OMX Stockholm and derivative trading revenues on NASDAQ OMX Copenhagen.
Access Services Revenues
Access services revenues increased in 2008 compared with 2007 primarily due to increases in customer demand for network connectivity and exchange and other membership fees and the inclusion of NASDAQ OMX PHLXs Access Services revenues of $8.0 million.
Access services revenues also increased in 2007 compared with 2006 primarily due to increases in customer demand for network connectivity and exchange membership fees. We began charging exchange membership fees as a result of our operation as a national securities exchange.
Market Data
Market Data revenues increased in 2008 compared with 2007 and in 2007 compared with 2006. The increase in 2008 was primarily due to an increase in U.S. market data products revenues and the inclusion of European market data products revenues of $77.5 million, partially offset by a smaller decrease in net U.S. tape plan revenues. The increase in 2007 compared with 2006 was primarily due to an increase in U.S. market data products revenues and an increase in net U.S. tape plan revenues.
U.S. market data products revenues increased in 2008 compared with 2007 primarily due to revenues from OpenView Basic, which was launched in the second quarter of 2007, NASDAQ Last Sale, which was launched in 2008 and growth from other proprietary data products including TotalView, Open View and Level 2, which is the best quote information from each market participant trading NASDAQ-listed securities. The increase in 2007 compared with 2006 was primarily due to an increase in TotalView subscribers and distributors and their related revenues, an increase in Level 2 revenues and the launch of OpenView Basic.
Net U.S. tape plan revenues decreased in 2008 compared with 2007 primarily due to a decrease in our share of trading and quoting activity in NASDAQ-listed securities through the UTP Plan, partially offset by increases in our share of trading and quoting activity in NYSE-listed securities. Under the revenue sharing provision of the UTP Plan, we are permitted to deduct costs associated with acting as the exclusive Securities Information Processor from the total amount of tape fees collected. After these costs are deducted from the tape fees, we distribute to the respective UTP Plan participants, including The NASDAQ Stock Market, their share of tape fees based on a formula, required by Regulation NMS that takes into account both trading and quoting activity. Our tape fee revenue sharing amount allocated to UTP plan participants increased in 2008 compared to 2007 primarily due to a reduction of our percentage earned of the UTP revenue caused, in part by the Regulation NMS market data revenue allocation formula, which became effective April 1, 2007. The increase in 2007 compared with 2006 was primarily due to an increase in trade execution market share in both NYSE- and NYSE Alternext-listed securities.
Broker Services Revenues
As a result of our business combination with OMX AB, Broker Services is a new product within our Market Services segment. Broker Services revenues were $41.6 million for 2008.
Other Market Services Revenues
Other Market Services revenues increased in 2008 compared with 2007 and decreased in 2007 compared with 2006. The increase in 2008 was primarily due to the inclusion of OMX revenues of $7.8 million. The decrease in 2007 compared with 2006 was primarily due to a decrease in revenues earned from our testing facility, which charges a fee for customers testing new services, due to our migration to a single trading platform.
ISSUER SERVICES
The following table shows revenues from our Issuer Services segment:
Year Ended December 31, | Percentage Change | ||||||||||||||
2008 | 2007 | 2006 | 2008 vs. 2007 | 2007 vs. 2006 | |||||||||||
(As Adjusted) (in millions) |
(As Adjusted) | ||||||||||||||
Global Listing Services: |
|||||||||||||||
Annual renewal fees |
$ | 124.4 | $ | 125.6 | $ | 107.9 | (0.1 | )% | 16.4 | % | |||||
Listing of additional shares fees |
40.2 | 40.6 | 36.9 | (1.0 | )% | 10.0 | % | ||||||||
Initial listing fees |
22.1 | 22.2 | 23.2 | (0.5 | )% | (4.3 | )% | ||||||||
Total U.S. listing fees |
186.7 | 188.4 | 168.0 | (0.1 | )% | 12.1 | % | ||||||||
European listing fees |
48.1 | | | # | | ||||||||||
Corporate Services |
64.0 | 52.6 | 41.5 | 21.7 | % | 26.7 | % | ||||||||
Total Global Listing Services |
298.8 | 241.0 | 209.5 | 24.0 | % | 15.0 | % | ||||||||
Global Index Group |
44.4 | 42.9 | 39.5 | 3.5 | % | 8.6 | % | ||||||||
Total Issuer Services revenues |
$ | 343.2 | $ | 283.9 | $ | 249.0 | 20.9 | % | 14.0 | % | |||||
# | Denotes a variance equal to 100.0%. |
Global Listing Services
U.S. Listing Services Revenues
Annual renewal fees decreased in 2008 compared with 2007. The number of companies listed on The NASDAQ Stock Market on January 1, 2008 was 3,135, compared to 3,193 on January 1, 2007, the date on which listed companies are billed their annual fees. The decrease in the number of listed companies was due to 348 delistings by NASDAQ OMX during 2007, partially offset by 290 new listings during 2007. The number of listed companies as of January 1, 2008 and 2007 also includes separately listed ETFs.
Annual renewal fees increased in 2007 compared with 2006. The number of companies listed on The NASDAQ Stock Market on January 1, 2007 was 3,193, compared to 3,208 on January 1, 2006, the date on which listed companies are billed their annual fees. The decrease in the number of listed companies was due to 303 delistings by NASDAQ during 2006, partially offset by 285 new listings during 2006. Offsetting the decrease in the number of listed companies was an annual renewal fee increase effective January 1, 2007.
Listing of additional shares fees remained flat in 2008 compared with 2007 and increased in 2007 compared with 2006. The increase in 2007 compared to 2006 was primarily due to amortization of fees. There were 71 secondary offerings in 2008, 197 in 2007 and 214 in 2006.
Initial listing fees remained flat in 2008 compared with 2007 and decreased in 2007 compared with 2006. Initial listing fees decreased in 2007 primarily due to amortization of fees. There were 177 new listings, including 13 new IPOs, during 2008 compared with 290 new listings, including 132 new IPOs, during 2007 compared with 285 new listings, including 137 new IPOs, during 2006. The decrease in new listings during 2008 will impact future revenues as these fees are amortized on a straight-line basis over an estimated service period of six years.
European Listing Services Revenues
European Listing Services revenues, which are comprised of issuers revenues derived from annual fees received from listed companies on the exchanges that comprise NASDAQ OMX Nordic and NASDAQ OMX Baltic, are directly related to the listed companies market capitalization. These revenues are recognized ratably over a 12-month period.
Corporate Services Revenues
Global Listing Services revenues also include fees from Corporate Services. These fees include commission income from Carpenter Moore, subscription income from Shareholder.com and Directors Desk and fees from GlobeNewswire. Corporate Services revenues increased in 2008 compared with 2007 primarily due to expanding customer utilization of our Corporate Services. Corporate Services revenues increased in 2007 compared with 2006 primarily due to revenues generated from the operations of acquired businesses. Corporate Services revenues include revenues from Carpenter Moore, Shareholder.com beginning February 1, 2006, GlobeNewswire beginning September 1, 2006, Directors Desk beginning July 2, 2007 and other sources for all periods presented. In February 2007, Carpenter Moore merged with the Nasdaq Insurance Agency, with Carpenter Moore as the surviving entity.
Global Index Group Revenues
Global Index Group revenues primarily include license fees from NASDAQ OMX branded indexes, associated derivatives and financial products in the U.S. and abroad. Global Index Group revenues increased in 2008 compared with 2007 primarily due to an increase in licensing fees associated with NASDAQ OMX-licensed ETFs, licensed derivatives volumes and fees and third party structured products, partially offset by a decrease in Portal applications as a result of economic conditions. The increase in 2007 compared with 2006 was primarily due to an increase in licensing fees associated with NASDAQ OMX-licensed ETFs and third party structured products, partially offset by a decline in licensing fees associated with options traded on ETFs based on our indexes.
MARKET TECHNOLOGY
As a result of our business combination with OMX AB, Market Technology is a new reporting segment. The following table shows the revenues from our Market Technology segment:
Year Ended December 31, 2008 | |||
(As Adjusted) (in millions) | |||
Market Technology: |
|||
License, support and project revenues |
$ | 86.1 | |
Facility management services |
28.8 | ||
Other revenues |
3.9 | ||
Total Market Technology revenues |
$ | 118.8 | |
Market Technology provides technology solutions for trading, clearing and settlement, and information dissemination, and also offers facility management integration and advisory services to marketplaces throughout the world.
License, support and project revenues are derived from the system solutions developed and sold by NASDAQ OMX. After we have developed and sold a system solution, the customer licenses the right to use the software. Each project involves individual adaptations to the specific requirements of the customer, for instance, relating to functionality and capacity. When NASDAQ OMX provides a system solution, it undertakes to upgrade, develop and maintain the system and receives regular support revenues for this work which is recognized over the contract period. Under contract accounting, where customization and significant modifications to the software are made to meet the needs of our customers, total revenues, as well as costs incurred, are deferred until the customization and significant modifications are complete and are then recognized over the support period.
Facility management services revenues are derived when NASDAQ OMX assumes responsibility for the continuous operation of a system platform for a customer and receives facility management services revenues which can be both fixed and volume-based. Facility management services revenues are recognized as services are rendered over the contract period after delivery has occurred.
Other revenues include amortization of the deferred revenue related to our contribution of technology licenses to NASDAQ Dubai. See Equity Investment in NASDAQ Dubai, of Note 3, Business Combinations, to the consolidated financial statements for further discussion of our transaction with NASDAQ Dubai. In addition, other revenue includes advisory services that are recognized in revenue when earned.
Expenses
Direct Expenses
The following table shows our direct expenses:
Year Ended December 31, | Percentage Change | ||||||||||||||
2008 | 2007 | 2006 | 2008 vs. 2007 | 2007 vs. 2006 | |||||||||||
As Adjusted (in millions) |
As Adjusted | ||||||||||||||
Compensation and benefits |
$ | 401.0 | $ | 200.4 | $ | 195.7 | # | 2.4 | % | ||||||
Marketing and advertising |
18.6 | 20.8 | 20.5 | (10.6 | )% | 1.5 | % | ||||||||
Depreciation and amortization |
92.6 | 38.9 | 70.9 | # | (45.1 | )% | |||||||||
Professional and contract services |
71.9 | 32.1 | 32.0 | # | 0.3 | % | |||||||||
Computer operations and data communications |
54.5 | 28.7 | 41.5 | 89.9 | % | (30.8 | )% | ||||||||
Occupancy |
65.2 | 34.5 | 34.1 | 89.0 | % | 1.2 | % | ||||||||
Regulatory |
28.9 | 28.9 | | | # | ||||||||||
Merger expenses |
25.4 | | | # | | ||||||||||
General, administrative and other |
61.8 | 62.5 | 38.9 | (1.1 | )% | 60.7 | % | ||||||||
Total direct expenses |
$ | 819.9 | $ | 446.8 | $ | 433.6 | 83.5 | % | 3.0 | % | |||||
# | Denotes a variance equal to or greater than 100.0%. |
Compensation and benefits expense increased in 2008 compared with 2007 and in 2007 compared with 2006. The increase in 2008 was primarily due to the inclusion of OMXs compensation expense of $147.3 million, the inclusion of NASDAQ OMX PHLXs compensation expense of $19.6 million, a curtailment gain of approximately $6.1 million recognized in 2007 as a result of the pension plan and supplemental executive retirement plan, or SERP, freeze and increased incentive compensation reflecting stronger financial performance. Headcount increased from 887 employees at December 31, 2007 to 2,506 employees at December 31, 2008, primarily due to our business combination with OMX AB. The increase in 2007 compared with 2006 was primarily due to increased incentive compensation reflecting stronger financial performance, additional share-based compensation expense due to grants in December 2006 to all active employees and additional compensation costs due to our acquisitions. Partially offsetting the increase in 2007 was a curtailment gain as discussed above. See Note 11, Employee Benefits, to the consolidated financial statements for further discussion of the curtailment gain.
Marketing and advertising expense decreased in 2008 compared with 2007 and increased in 2007 compared with 2006. In 2008, the decrease was primarily due to reduced marketing activity, partially offset by the inclusion of OMXs marketing and advertising expense of $5.1 million. The increase in 2007 was due to new advertising campaigns launched in 2007.
Depreciation and amortization expense increased in 2008 compared with 2007 and decreased in 2007 compared with 2006. The increase in 2008 is primarily due to additional amortization expense of $23.8 million for intangible assets acquired in our business combination with OMX AB, the inclusion of OMXs depreciation and amortization expense of $19.7 million and the inclusion of NASDAQ OMX PHLXs depreciation and amortization expense of $9.6 million. The decrease in 2007 was primarily due to the retirement of certain equipment which was fully amortized in December 2006 related to the migration to a single trading platform. The 2007 decrease was partially offset by intangible amortization expense on identifiable intangible assets acquired in our acquisitions.
Professional and contract services expense increased in 2008 compared with 2007 and remained flat in 2007 compared with 2006. The increase in 2008 was primarily due to the inclusion of OMXs professional and contract services expense of $38.0 million.
Computer operations and data communications expense increased in 2008 compared with 2007 and decreased in 2007 compared with 2006. The increase in 2008 was primarily due to the inclusion of OMXs computer operations and data communication expense of $29.5 million and the inclusion of NASDAQ OMX PHLXs computer operations and data communications expense of $4.0 million, partially offset by lower costs due to hardware and software leases which were cancelled in the fourth quarter of 2007. The decrease in 2007 was primarily due to lower costs associated with hardware leased equipment. The contract for this equipment was cancelled and charged to expense in the fourth quarter of 2006. The decrease is also due to lower costs associated with a reduced number of communication lines due to the consolidation of our data centers.
Occupancy expense increased in 2008 compared with 2007 and was flat in 2007 compared with 2006. The increase in 2008 was primarily due to the inclusion of OMXs occupancy expense of $26.5 million and the inclusion of NASDAQ OMX PHLXs occupancy expense of $3.2 million.
Regulatory expense remained flat in 2008 compared with 2007. Since we sought to preserve a regulatory separation upon operation as a national securities exchange, FINRA continues to provide regulatory services to The NASDAQ Stock Market, The NASDAQ Options Market and, once fully implemented in March 2009, the markets operated or regulated by NASDAQ OMX BX, including the regulation of trading activity and surveillance and investigative functions. The regulation charge from FINRA of $33.8 million in 2006 was included in support costs from related parties, net. See below for further discussion. The decrease in 2007 compared with 2006 was primarily due to a reduction in surveillance and other regulatory charges by FINRA and an adjustment of the allocation of its costs between members and market matters.
Merger expenses were $25.4 million in 2008. These costs are directly attributable to the business combination with OMX AB and the acquisition of PHLX, but do not qualify as purchase accounting adjustments. The costs primarily include consulting and legal costs related to our integration of OMX AB and PHLX.
General, administrative and other expense decreased in 2008 compared with 2007 and increased in 2007 compared with 2006. The decrease in 2008 and increase in 2007 was primarily due to charges recorded in 2007 including a $19.5 million tax sharing payment owed to SLP pursuant to an agreement to share the deferred tax benefit on the sale of Instinets Institutional Brokerage division. In addition, we recorded a $5.8 million loss in 2007 on the early extinguishment of debt related to the repayment in full of our former credit facilities from the proceeds from the sale of the share capital of the LSE. Also, in 2007 there was an additional loss of $1.1 million on the early extinguishment of a portion of the 3.75% convertible notes and a $10.6 million charge related to a clearing contract. Our single trading platform includes functionality that enabled us to discontinue the use of services previously provided under the contract. Partially offsetting the decreases in 2008 was the inclusion of OMXs general, administrative and other expense of $34.9 million. Partially offsetting the increases in 2007 were charges recorded in 2006. In 2006, we recorded a $12.3 million loss on the early extinguishment of the $750.0 million senior term debt issued in December 2005, which was refinanced in April 2006. Additional losses totaling $9.7 million were recorded on the early extinguishment of the portion of the $1.l billion secured term loan of our April 2006 credit facility that was repaid in May 2006 as a result of an equity offering and in November 2006 with excess cash flow. These charges were partially offset by a realized foreign currency gain related to our investment in the LSE of $8.2 million in 2006.
Support Costs From Related Parties, net
Support costs from related parties, net were $33.8 million in 2006. After December 20, 2006, since FINRA is no longer a related party, the regulatory expense is now shown as part of direct expenses. See the description of regulatory expense under Direct Expenses above for further discussion.
Other Income (Expense), net
The following table presents the components of other income (expense), net:
Year Ended December 31, | Percentage Change | |||||||||||||||||
2008 | 2007 | 2006 | 2008 vs. 2007 | 2007 vs. 2006 | ||||||||||||||
As Adjusted (in millions) |
As Adjusted | |||||||||||||||||
Interest income |
$ | 34.5 | $ | 37.6 | $ | 24.6 | (8.2 | )% | 52.8 | % | ||||||||
Interest expense |
(97.5 | ) | (72.9 | ) | (91.1 | ) | 33.7 | % | (20.0 | )% | ||||||||
Net interest expense |
(63.0 | ) | (35.3 | ) | (66.5 | ) | 78.5 | % | (46.9 | )% | ||||||||
Dividend and investment income |
8.4 | 14.7 | 16.2 | (42.9 | )% | (9.3 | )% | |||||||||||
Income from unconsolidated investees, net |
27.3 | | | # | | |||||||||||||
Gain (loss) on foreign currency contracts |
(57.9 | ) | 44.0 | 48.4 | # | (9.1 | )% | |||||||||||
Asset impairment charges |
(42.2 | ) | | (5.9 | ) | # | # | |||||||||||
Gain on sale of strategic initiative |
| 431.4 | | # | # | |||||||||||||
Strategic initiative costs |
| (26.5 | ) | | # | # | ||||||||||||
Total other income (expense), net |
$ | (127.4 | ) | $ | 428.3 | $ | (7.8 | ) | # | # | ||||||||
# | Denotes a variance equal to or greater than 100.0%. |
Net Interest Expense
Net interest expense was $63.0 million in 2008 compared with $35.3 million in 2007, an increase of $27.7 million. The increase in 2008 was primarily due to:
| a decrease in interest income due to lower interest rates and the use of cash to fund acquisitions in 2008, partially offset by the inclusion of OMXs interest income of $16.6 million; |
| an increase in debt issuance amortization costs due to the draw-down of debt to fund the OMX AB business combination, the PHLX acquisition and the Nord Pool transaction, compared to minimal debt issuance costs in 2007 due to the costs being included in general, administrative and other expenses due to the early extinguishment of debt related to the repayment in full of our outstanding debt obligations in September 2007 from the proceeds of the sale of our share capital of the LSE. See Note 7, Financial Investments, at Fair Value, to the consolidated financial statements for further discussion; and |
| a higher average outstanding debt balance, partially offset by lower interest rates. Our higher outstanding debt balance was due to the draw-down of debt to fund the OMX AB business combination, the PHLX acquisition and the Nord Pool transaction. |
Net interest expense was $35.3 million in 2007 compared with $66.5 million in 2006, a decrease of $31.2 million. The decrease in 2007 was primarily due to higher interest income due to higher cash balances and lower interest expense due to a lower average outstanding debt balance and lower interest rates year over year. Our lower outstanding debt balance was due to the repayment in full and termination of our credit facilities from the proceeds of the sale of our share capital of the LSE. In addition, our lower outstanding debt balance was due to Hellman & Friedman, or H&F, converting $300.0 million of its 3.75% convertible notes to equity and SLP and other partners converting a portion of their 3.75% convertible notes to equity in the fourth quarter of 2007.
Dividend and Investment Income
Dividend and investment income was $8.4 million in 2008 compared with $14.7 million in 2007, a decrease of $6.3 million. Dividend and investment income in 2008 primarily relates to the inclusion of OMXs and NASDAQ OMX PHLXs dividend and investment income. Dividend and investment income in 2007 is primarily due to the receipt of ordinary dividends declared from our investment in the LSE.
Dividend and investment income was $14.7 million in 2007 compared with $16.2 million in 2006. Both periods represent ordinary dividends from our investment in the LSE.
Income from Unconsolidated Investees, net
Income recognized from unconsolidated investees, net was $27.3 million in 2008 and primarily relates to the NASDAQ Dubai transaction. In connection with the NASDAQ Dubai transaction, we contributed intangible assets and $50.0 million in cash to NASDAQ Dubai in exchange for a 33 1/3% equity ownership in NASDAQ Dubai. One of the intangible assets contributed was the Nasdaq trade name, which had a zero carrying value on Nasdaqs books and records prior to the transfer. As a result, we recognized a $26.0 million gain for the difference between Nasdaqs carrying value and the fair value of the contributed asset on this non-monetary exchange. See Equity Investment in NASDAQ Dubai, of Note 3, Business Combinations, to the consolidated financial statements for further discussion. Also included is income from our share of the earnings and losses from our ownership in unconsolidated equity method investees.
Gain (Loss) on Foreign Currency Contracts
The loss on foreign currency contracts was $57.9 million in 2008 compared with a gain of $44.0 million in 2007 and a gain of $48.4 million in 2006. The loss in 2008 primarily relates to a forward contract entered into to hedge the NOK cash payment for the Nord Pool transaction ($71.5 million) and our market technology forward currency contracts ($13.4 million), partially offset by gains on forward contracts entered into to hedge the foreign currency exposure on our business combination with OMX AB ($27.0 million).
The gain in 2007 primarily relates to option contracts purchased to hedge the foreign currency exposure on our business combination with OMX AB ($51.8 million), partially offset by a loss on options contracts purchased to hedge the foreign currency exposure on our acquisition bid for the LSE ($7.8 million).
The gain in 2006 relates to our acquisition bid for the LSE. In order to hedge the foreign currency exposure on our acquisition bid for the LSE, we purchased foreign currency option contracts at the time of the bid, which was the fourth quarter of 2006. The fair value of these contracts at December 31, 2006 was $71.7 million and the unrealized gain for the quarter ended December 31, 2006 was $48.4 million.
See Note 17, Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedging Activities, to the consolidated financial statements for further discussion.
Asset Impairment Charges
In the fourth quarter of 2008, we recorded a non-cash other-than-temporary impairment charge of $34.9 million related to a long-term available-for-sale investment security. See Financial Investments, of Note 2, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, and Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income, of Note 14, Stockholders Equity, to the consolidated financial statements for further discussion. We also recorded a non-cash impairment loss of $7.3 million from the write-down of finite-lived intangibles assets, primarily related to our insurance agency business. See Note 4, Goodwill and Purchased Intangible Assets, to the consolidated financial statements for further discussion. In 2006, we recorded write-downs for property and equipment of $5.9 million related to the sale of a building and related assets. See Valuation of Long-Lived Assets, of Note 2, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, to the consolidated financial statements for further discussion.
Gain on Sale of Strategic Initiative
The pre-tax gain on the sale of our strategic initiative was $431.4 million in 2007. The gain represents the sale of our share capital of the LSE and is net of costs directly related to the sale of $18.0 million, primarily broker fees. See Note 7, Financial Investments, at Fair Value, to the consolidated financial statements for further discussion.
Strategic Initiative Costs
Strategic initiatives costs were $26.5 million in 2007. We incurred these costs in connection with our strategic initiatives related to the LSE, including our acquisition bid. In conjunction with the lapse of our final offers for the LSE in February 2007, these costs were charged to expense. See Note 7, Financial Investments, at Fair Value, to the consolidated financial statements for further discussion.
Net (Income) Loss Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests
Net (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interests were $(1.5) million in 2008 compared to $0.1 million in 2007 and $0.9 million in 2006. The 2008 noncontrolling interests include $(0.9) million representing 1.2% of OMX income for the period February 27, 2008 to August 27, 2008 (the effective date of the purchase of the remaining minority OMX AB shares). The 2007 and 2006 minority interests relate to Reuters investment in the Independent Research Network, a joint venture created to help public companies obtain independent analyst coverage, beginning in the third quarter of 2005. This investment was reduced to zero due to losses incurred at the Independent Research Network and all losses of the Independent Research Network were recorded by us. We have discontinued the Independent Research Networks operations.
Income Taxes
NASDAQ OMXs income tax provision was $198.0 million in 2008 compared with $275.5 million in 2007, and was $85.2 million in 2006. The overall effective tax rate was 38.6% in 2008, 34.7% in 2007 and 40.2% in 2006. Although the income tax provision increased from 2006 to 2007, the overall effective tax rate was lower in 2007 primarily due to the utilization of capital loss carry-forwards and a reduction to the reserve for uncertain tax positions. The higher effective tax rate in 2008 when compared to 2007 was primarily due to the other-than-temporary impairment loss of $34.9 million on a long-term available-for-sale investment security, which is not deductible for tax purposes.
The effective tax rate may vary from period to period depending on, among other factors, the geographic and business mix of earnings and losses. These same and other factors, including history of pre-tax earnings and losses, are taken into account in assessing the ability to realize deferred tax assets.
We adopted the provisions of FASB Interpretation No. 48, Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxesan interpretation of FASB Statement No. 109, or FIN 48, on January 1, 2007. As a result of the implementation of FIN 48, we recognized a $1.0 million increase to reserves for uncertain tax positions. This increase was accounted for as an adjustment to the beginning balance of retained earnings in the consolidated balance sheet. At the adoption date of January 1, 2007, we had $9.2 million of unrecognized tax benefits of which $7.9 million would affect our effective tax rate if recognized. As of December 31, 2007, we had $7.6 million of unrecognized benefits of which $4.0 million would affect our effective tax rate if recognized. As of December 31, 2008, we had $9.2 million of unrecognized benefits of which $5.4 million would affect our effective tax rate if recognized.
Our policy is to recognize interest and/or penalties related to income tax matters in income tax expense. We had $1.8 million accrued for interest and penalties, net of tax effect on January 1, 2007. As of December 31, 2007, we had $2.7 million accrued for interest and penalties, net of tax effect. As of December 31, 2008, we had $3.1 million accrued for interest and penalties, net of tax effect.
NASDAQ OMX and its eligible subsidiaries file a consolidated U.S. federal income tax return, and applicable state and local income tax returns and non-U.S. income tax returns. Federal income tax returns for years 2005-2007 are subject to examination by the Internal Revenue Service. Several state tax returns are currently under examination by the respective tax authorities for years 1996-2006 and we are subject to examination for 2007. Non-U.S. tax returns are subject to review by the respective tax authorities for years 2002-2007. We anticipate that the amount of unrecognized tax benefits at December 31, 2008 will significantly decrease in the next twelve months as we expect to settle certain tax audits. The final outcome of such audits cannot yet be determined. We anticipate that such adjustments would not have a material impact on our consolidated financial position or results of operations.
Cost Reductions and Operating Efficiencies
During the past several years, we have taken significant steps to grow our business and enhance our competitive position. We have successfully reduced technology costs, eliminated non-core products, scaled back our workforce and consolidated our real estate facilities and operations.
Charges associated with our cost reduction program and our integration of INET ceased during 2007. In 2007, we incurred charges of approximately $4.1 million in connection with actions we took to improve our operational efficiency as well as to integrate INET. During 2006, we incurred similar charges of approximately $40.9 million. As a result of our cost reduction program and integration of INET, we were able to migrate to a single trading platform, and significantly reduce our depreciation and amortization expense and computer operations and data communications expense. See Note 22, Cost Reduction Program and INET Integration, to the consolidated financial statements for further discussion.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Recent global market and economic conditions have been, and continue to be, disruptive and volatile, having an adverse impact on financial markets in general. As a result of concern about the stability of the markets and the strength of counterparties, many lenders and institutional investors have reduced and, in some cases, ceased to provide funding to borrowers resulting in severely diminished liquidity and credit availability. At this time, the extent to which these conditions will persist is unclear. To date, our cost and availability of funding has not been adversely affected by illiquid credit markets and we do not expect it to be materially impacted in the near future.
We require cash to pay our operating expenses, make capital expenditures and service our debt and other long-term liabilities. Our principal source of funds is cash from our operations. In addition, we have obtained funds by selling our common stock in the capital markets. In order to finance our business combination with OMX AB, our acquisition of PHLX and the Nord Pool transaction, we have incurred additional debt and issued shares of our common stock. See Note 9, Debt Obligations, and Note 14, Stockholders Equity, to the consolidated financial statements for further discussion.
In the near term, we expect that our operations will provide sufficient cash to fund our operating expenses, capital expenditures and interest payments on our debt. As of December 31, 2008, our cash and cash equivalents of $374.3 million is primarily invested in money market funds comprised of U.S. government treasury obligations. In the long-term, we may use both internally generated funds and external sources to satisfy our debt and other long-term liabilities.
Principal factors that could affect the availability of our internally-generated funds include:
| deterioration of our revenues in any of our business segments; |
| changes in our working capital requirements; and |
| an increase in our expenses. |
Principal factors that could affect our ability to obtain cash from external sources include:
| financial covenants contained in our Credit Facilities that limit our total borrowing capacity; |
| increases in interest rates applicable to our floating rate term debt; |
| credit rating downgrades, which could limit our access to additional debt; |
| a decrease in the market price of our common stock; and |
| volatility in the public debt and equity markets, especially the recent seize up of the credit markets. |
The following sections discuss the effects of changes in our cash flows, capital requirements and other commitments on our liquidity and capital resources.
Cash and Cash Equivalents and Changes in Cash Flows
The following tables summarize our cash and cash equivalents and changes in cash flows:
December 31, 2008 |
December 31, 2007 |
Percentage Change |
|||||||
As Adjusted (in millions) |
|||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents(1) |
$ | 374.3 | $ | 1,325.3 | (71.8 | )% | |||
(1) | Cash and cash equivalents exclude restricted cash which is not available for general use by us due to regulatory and other requirements. There was no restricted cash included in cash and cash equivalents as of December 31, 2007. |
Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||
2008 | 2007 | Percentage Change | |||||||||
As Adjusted (in millions) |
|||||||||||
Cash provided by operating activities |
$ | 216.2 | $ | 173.2 | # | ||||||
Cash provided by (used in) investing activities |
(3,148.6 | ) | 1,857.9 | # | |||||||
Cash provided by (used in) financing activities |
2,028.9 | (1,027.8 | ) | # | |||||||
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents |
(47.5 | ) | | # |
# | Denotes a variance equal to or greater than 100.0%. |
Cash and cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents decreased $951 million from December 31, 2007 primarily due to cash used in connection with the business combination with OMX AB, as well as the acquisitions of PHLX and BSX, the Nord Pool transaction, our purchase of a majority stake in IDCG and other acquisitions. In addition, we used cash to pay OMX AB debt obligations. This decrease was partially offset by proceeds received from the draw-down of debt to fund the OMX AB business combination, the PHLX acquisition and the Nord Pool transaction, cash acquired in our business combination with OMX AB and positive cash flows from operations. See Note 3, Business Combinations, to the consolidated financial statements for further discussion of our business combination, acquisitions and strategic initiative.
Changes in Cash Flows
Cash provided by operating activities. The following items impacted our cash provided by operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2008:
| Net income of $313.3 million, plus: |
| Non-cash items of approximately $98.2 million comprised primarily of depreciation and amortization expense of $92.6 million, loss on foreign currency contracts of $57.9 million, asset impairment charges of $42.2 million and share-based compensation of $25.7 million, partially offset by deferred taxes, net of $107.5 million and income from unconsolidated investees, net of $27.3 million. |
| Decrease in receivables, net of $31.6 million primarily due to lower Section 31 fees as a result of rate decreases. |
| Increase in accrued personnel costs of $20.9 million primarily due to additional incentive compensation reflecting stronger financial performance. |
| Increase in accounts payable and accrued expenses of $19.8 million primarily due to additional liquidity rebates from increased trade volume. |
| Increase in other liabilities of $17.6 million primarily due to additional SERP liabilities for the NASDAQ OMX PHLX benefit plans. |
| Partially offset by a: |
| Increase in other assets of $181.4 million primarily due to the increase in the restricted cash balance as of December 31, 2008 primarily related to our acquisition of certain businesses of Nord Pool, |
| Decrease in Section 31 fees payable to SEC of $54.2 million mainly due to lower Section 31 fees as a result of rate decreases. |
| Decrease in deferred revenue of $40.5 million primarily due to a decrease in the initial listing fees deferred revenue balance as a result of a decrease in new listings from 290 new listings during 2007 to 177 new listings during 2008, as well as the amortization of OMXs annual listing fees. |
| Decrease in other accrued liabilities of $9.0 million primarily due to a decrease in income tax payable as a result of paying the 2007 tax liability related to the sale of our share capital in the LSE. |
During the year ended December 31, 2007, the following items impacted our cash provided by operating activities:
| Net income of $518.4 million, partially offset by: |
| Non-cash items of approximately $407.7 million comprised primarily of the gain on the sale of a strategic initiative of $431.4 million, gain on foreign currency option contracts of $44.0 million and deferred taxes, net of $15.6 million, partially offset by strategic initiative costs of $26.5 million, clearing contract charge of $10.6 million, loss on early extinguishment of debt of $7.0 million and depreciation and amortization expense of $38.9 million. |
| Increase in other accrued liabilities of $63.6 million primarily due to an increase in income tax payable due to the sale of our share capital in the LSE and an increase in pre-tax income. Deferred revenue also increased $7.2 million due to additional Global Listing Services billings. Partially offsetting these items, was a net increase of $18.8 million in assets, primarily due to an increase in receivables due to the recording of additional Section 31 fees and a net decrease of $7.7 million in other operating liabilities. |
We expect that cash provided by operating activities may fluctuate in future periods as a result of a number of factors, including fluctuations in our operating results, accounts receivable collections, share-based compensation and the timing and amount of other payments that we make.
Cash provided by (used in) investing activities. Cash used in investing activities for the year ended December 31, 2008 is primarily due to cash used in connection with the business combination with OMX AB, as well as the acquisitions of PHLX and BSX, the Nord Pool transaction, our purchase of a majority stake in IDCG and other acquisitions, net of cash acquired, as well as the acquisition of 33 1/3% of the equity of NASDAQ Dubai, for total cash paid of $2,998.8 million. In 2007, in conjunction with the lapse of our final offers for the LSE in February 2007, we traded out of foreign currency option contracts which were purchased at the time of the commencement of our bid. These contracts were cash settled for $63.9 million which increased our cash provided by investing activities in 2007.
Cash provided by (used in) financing activities. Cash provided by financing activities for 2008 consisted of the proceeds from the issuance of $475.0 million aggregate principal amount of the 2.50% convertible senior notes and $2,000.0 million in senior secured indebtedness under our Credit Facilities, net of debt issuance costs paid of $53.3 million. See Credit Facilities below for further discussion. The proceeds from the 2.50% convertible senior notes and new Credit Facilities were partially offset by the refinancing of $352.9 million of OMX AB outstanding debt obligations at the time of the business combination. In addition, we made a $75.0 million principal payment in 2008 on our $2,000.0 million senior secured term loan facility. Cash used in financing activities for 2007 was primarily due to the repayment in full of our former credit facilities from the proceeds of the sale of the share capital of the LSE.
Capital Resources and Working Capital
Working capital (calculated as current assets less current liabilities) was $350.1 million at December 31, 2008, compared with $1,270.8 million at December 31, 2007, a decrease of $920.7 million, or 72.5%, primarily due to cash used for the business combination with OMX AB, as well as the acquisitions of PHLX and BSX, the Nord Pool transaction, our purchase of a majority stake in IDCG and other acquisitions. We have historically been able to generate sufficient funds from operations to meet working capital requirements. At December 31, 2008, we had contractual debt obligations of $2,597.8 million (excluding interest payments), of which $225.0 million is due within one year. In the first quarter of 2008, in connection with our business combination with OMX AB, we issued $475.0 million aggregate principal amount of convertible senior notes and incurred $1,050.0 million in senior secured indebtedness under our Credit Facilities. In the third quarter of 2008, in connection with our acquisition of PHLX, we drew down an additional $650.0 million and in connection with the Nord Pool transaction, we drew down an additional $300.0 million. See Credit Facilities below for further discussion.
At December 31, 2008, none of our lenders were affiliated with NASDAQ OMX, except to the extent, if any, that SLP would be deemed an affiliate of NASDAQ OMX due to its ownership of $118.6 million aggregate principal amount of the 3.75% convertible notes and shares of our common stock and representation on our board of directors.
3.75% Convertible Notes due 2012
As of December 31, 2008, approximately $120.1 million in aggregate principal amount of the 3.75% convertible notes due 2012 remained outstanding, which includes ownership by SLP of $118.6 million.
2.50% Convertible Senior Notes due 2013
In the first quarter of 2008, in connection with the business combination with OMX AB, we completed the offering of $475.0 million aggregate principal amount of 2.50% convertible senior notes due 2013. It is our intent and policy to settle the principal amount of the notes in cash and we are permitted to settle the conversion premium in shares of our common stock or cash.
Credit Facilities
In the first quarter of 2008, we entered into the Credit Facilities to finance the business combination with OMX AB, the acquisition of PHLX and the Nord Pool transaction. The Credit Facilities provide for up to $2,075.0 million of debt financing, which includes (i) a five-year, $2,000.0 million senior secured term loan facility which consists of (a) a $1,050.0 million term loan facility allocated to the OMX AB business combination, (b) a $650.0 million term loan facility allocated to our acquisition of PHLX and (c) a $300.0 million term loan facility allocated to fund the Nord Pool transaction and (ii) a five-year, $75.0 million senior secured revolving credit facility. At December 31, 2008, the revolving credit facility was unused. Total debt obligations outstanding under the Credit Facilities at December 31, 2008 were $1,925.0 million.
Under the provisions of our Credit Facilities, we are required to maintain approximately 30% of our debt structure on a fixed rate basis for two years from the date of the credit agreement. As such, in August 2008, we entered into interest rate swap agreements that effectively converted $200.0 million of funds borrowed under our Credit Facilities, which is floating rate debt, to a fixed rate basis through August 2011. The interest rate swap was fixed to a LIBOR base rate of 3.73% plus the current credit spread of 200 basis points as of December 31, 2008. The credit spread (not to exceed 200 basis points) is subject to change based upon the leverage ratio in accordance with the Credit Facilities. See Note 17, Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedging Activities, to the consolidated financial statements for further discussion.
In addition to the $75.0 million revolving credit facility discussed above, we have credit facilities related to our clearinghouses in order to meet liquidity requirements. These credit facilities, which are available in multiple currencies, primarily Swedish Krona, totaled $245.8 million at December 31, 2008, of which $4.4 million was drawn and was included in other accrued liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
See Note 9, Debt Obligations, to the consolidated financial statements for further discussion of our 3.75% convertible notes, 2.50% convertible senior notes and Credit Facilities.
Broker-Dealer Net Capital Requirements
Our broker-dealer subsidiaries, Nasdaq Execution Services and NASDAQ Options Services, are subject to regulatory requirements intended to ensure their general financial soundness and liquidity, which require that they comply with minimum capital requirements. At December 31, 2008, Nasdaq Execution Services was required to maintain minimum net capital of $0.3 million and had total net capital of approximately $15.0 million or $14.7 million in excess of the minimum amount required. At December 31, 2008, NASDAQ Options Services was also required to maintain minimum net capital of $0.3 million and had total net capital of approximately $4.7 million or $4.4 million in excess of the minimum amount required.
Other Capital Requirements
NASDAQ Options Services is also required to maintain a $2.0 million minimum level of net capital under our clearing arrangement with the OCC.
Derivative Clearing Operations Regulatory Capital Requirements
We are required to maintain minimum levels of regulatory capital for our clearing operations for NASDAQ OMX Stockholm, NASDAQ OMX Commodities and IDCG. The level of regulatory capital required to be maintained is dependent upon many factors including market conditions and creditworthiness of the counterparty. At December 31, 2008, we had regulatory capital of $519.4 million which is comprised of:
| $182.1 million of restricted cash; |
| $110.0 million of financial guarantees; and |
| $227.3 million of Swedish government debt securities. These securities are included in financial investments, at fair value in the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2008. |
OMX AB Share Purchase
On August 27, 2008, through compulsory acquisition procedures, NASDAQ OMX received advanced title for the remaining 1.2% of OMX AB shares held by OMX AB shareholders for an aggregate consideration of SEK 370.8 million ($61.7 million at August 27, 2008). As a result of the compulsory acquisition procedures, OMX AB is now wholly-owned by NASDAQ OMX. The additional purchase price for the shares acquired was included in other liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2008. In accordance with the compulsory acquisition procedures, NASDAQ OMX is required to maintain cash amounts greater than the total amount due, and as such, has segregated SEK 440.0 million ($73.2 million as of August 27, 2008) in other assets in the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2008.
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
As a result of our operating and financing activities, we are exposed to market risks such as interest rate risk, foreign currency exchange rate risk, equity risk and credit risk.
We have implemented policies and procedures to measure, manage, monitor and report risk exposures, which are reviewed regularly by management and the board of directors. We identify risk exposures and monitor and manage such risks on a daily basis.
We perform sensitivity analyses to determine the effects that market risk exposures may have. We may use derivative instruments solely to hedge financial risks related to our financial positions or risks that are incurred during the normal course of business. We do not use derivative instruments for speculative purposes.
Interest Rate Risk
The majority of our financial assets and liabilities are based on floating rates and fixed rates with an outstanding maturity or reset date falling in less than one year. The following table summarizes our significant exposure to interest rate risk as of December 31, 2008:
Financial Assets |
Financial Liabilities |
Currency Forwards |
Total Net Exposure |
Negative impact of a 100 bp adverse shift in interest rate(2) | |||||||||||||
(in millions) | |||||||||||||||||
Floating rate(1) positions in: |
|||||||||||||||||
U.S. Dollars |
$ | 351.9 | $ | 1,725.0 | $ | 37.8 | $ | (1,335.3 | ) | $ | 13.4 | ||||||
Swedish Krona |
55.8 | | (95.1 | ) | (39.3 | ) | 0.4 | ||||||||||
Danish Krone |
2.3 | | 110.0 | 112.3 | 1.1 | ||||||||||||
Norwegian Krone |
115.6 | 65.7 | 1.9 | 51.8 | 0.5 | ||||||||||||
Fixed rate positions in: |
|||||||||||||||||
U.S. Dollars(3) |
| 793.8 | | (793.8 | ) | | |||||||||||
Swedish Krona(4) |
227.3 | | | 227.3 | 0.3 | ||||||||||||
Total |
$ | 752.9 | $ | 2,584.5 | $ | 54.6 | $ | (1,777.0 | ) | $ | 15.7 | ||||||
(1) | Includes floating rate and fixed interest rates with a maturity or reset date due within 12 months. |
(2) | Annualized impact of a 100 basis point parallel adverse shift in the yield curve. |
(3) | Includes $200.0 million of our Credit Facilities which was swapped to fixed rate using float-to-fixed interest rate swaps in the third quarter of 2008. See Note 9, Debt Obligations, and Note 17, Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedging Activities, to the consolidated financial statements for further discussion. |
(4) | Primarily consists of our Swedish government debt securities, which are classified as trading investment securities, with an average duration of 0.9 years. See Note 7, Financial Investments, at Fair Value, to the consolidated financial statements for further discussion. |
We are exposed to cash flow risk on floating rate positions. Because we are a net lender in Swedish Krona, Norwegian Krone and Danish Krone, including currency forward positions, when interest rates in these currencies decrease, net interest and investment income decreases. Based on December 31, 2008 positions, each 1.0% increase in the Swedish Krona, Norwegian Krone and Danish Krone interest rates would impact annual pre-tax income by $2.0 million in total as reflected in the table above. Because we are a net borrower in U.S. dollars including currency forward positions, when interest rates in U.S. dollars increase, our net interest cost increases. Based on December 31, 2008 positions, a 1.0% increase in U.S. dollar interest rates would impact annual pre-tax income by $13.4 million.
We are exposed to a price risk on our fixed rate positions held in our Swedish government debt securities portfolio. At December 31, 2008, fixed rate positions with an average outstanding maturity or reset date falling in more than one year amounted to $227.3 million. A shift of 1.0% of the interest rate curve would in aggregate impact the fair value of these positions by approximately $1.9 million. The average duration of the portfolio was 0.9 years. The net effect of such a yield curve shift taking into account the change in fair value and the increase in interest income would impact annual pre-tax income negatively by $0.3 million.
Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Risk
As an international company, we are subject to currency translation risk. Some of our assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses are denominated in Swedish Krona, Euro and Danish Krone. Assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses of foreign subsidiaries are generally denominated in the local functional currency of such subsidiaries.
Our primary exposure to foreign denominated earnings for the year ended December 31, 2008 is presented by foreign currency in the following table:
Swedish Krona |
Euro | Danish Krone | |||||||
(in millions, except currency rate) | |||||||||
Average foreign currency rate to the U.S. dollar in 2008 |
0.1516 | 1.4712 | 0.1963 | ||||||
Average foreign currency rate to the U.S. dollar in 2007 |
0.1480 | 1.3709 | 0.1837 | ||||||
Foreign denominated operating income |
$ | 9.9 | $ | 119.9 | $ | 12.1 | |||
Impact of the currency fluctuations(1) |
$ | 0.1 | $ | 12.0 | $ | 0.2 |
(1) | Represents the impact of currency fluctuations for the year ended December 31, 2008 compared to the same period in 2007. |
Equity Risk
Our investments in foreign subsidiaries are exposed to volatility in currency exchange rates through translation of the foreign subsidiaries net assets or equity to U.S. dollars. Our primary exposure to this equity risk for the year ended December 31, 2008 is presented by foreign currency in the following table:
Net Investment |
Impact on Consolidated Equity of a 10% Decrease in Foreign Currency | |||||
(millions of dollars) |
||||||
Swedish Krona |
$ | 209.1 | $ | 20.9 | ||
Euro |
95.2 | 9.5 | ||||
Danish Krone |
124.8 | 12.5 | ||||
Norwegian Krone |
62.9 | 6.3 |
Credit Risk
We are exposed to credit risk from third parties, including customers, counterparties and clearing agents. These parties may default on their obligations to us due to bankruptcy, lack of liquidity, operational failure or other reasons. We limit our exposure to credit risk by rigorously selecting the counterparties with which we make investments and execute agreements. The financial investment portfolio objective is to invest in securities to preserve principal while maximizing yields, without significantly increasing risk. Credit risk associated with investments is minimized substantially by ensuring that these financial assets are placed with governments, well-capitalized financial institutions and other creditworthy counterparties.
Our subsidiaries, Nasdaq Execution Services and NASDAQ Options Services may be exposed to credit risk, due to the default of trading counterparties, in connection with the clearing and routing services that Nasdaq Execution Services and NASDAQ Options Services provide for our trading customers. System trades in equities routed to other market centers for members of The NASDAQ Stock Market are cleared by Nasdaq Execution Services, as a member of the NSCC. System trades in derivative contracts executed in the opening and closing cross and trades routed to other market centers are cleared by NASDAQ Options Services, as a member of the OCC.
Pursuant to the rules of the NSCC and Nasdaq Execution Services clearing agreement, Nasdaq Execution Services is liable for any losses incurred due to counterparty or a clearing agents failure to satisfy its contractual obligations, either by making payment or delivering securities. Pursuant to the rules of the OCC and NASDAQ Options Services clearing agreement, NASDAQ Options Services is also liable for any losses incurred due to counterparty or a clearing agents failure to satisfy its contractual obligations, either by making payment or delivering securities. Adverse movements in the prices of securities and derivative contracts that are subject to these transactions can increase our credit risk. However, we believe that the risk of material loss is limited, as Nasdaq Execution Services and NASDAQ Options Services customers are not permitted to trade on margin and NSCC and OCC rules limit counterparty risk on self-cleared transactions by establishing credit limits and capital deposit requirements for all brokers that clear with NSCC and OCC. Both Nasdaq Execution Services and NASDAQ Options Services have never incurred a liability due to a customers failure to satisfy its contractual obligations as counterparty to a system trade. Credit difficulties or insolvency or the perceived possibility of credit difficulties or insolvency of one or more larger or visible market participants could also result in market-wide credit difficulties or other market disruptions.
In addition, through our clearing operations in the derivative markets with NASDAQ OMX Commodities, NASDAQ OMX Stockholm and IDCG, we are the legal counterparty for each derivative position traded and thereby guarantee the fulfillment of each contract. We are required to pledge collateral for commitments with other clearinghouses. The amount of these commitments is calculated on the gross exposure between the clearinghouses. As collateral for these obligations, we have obtained financial guarantees and credit facilities which are guaranteed by us through counter indemnities. At December 31, 2008, these guarantees and credit facilities totaled $636.9 million. We require our customers to pledge collateral and meet certain minimum financial standards to mitigate the risk if they become unable to satisfy their obligations. At December 31, 2008, total customer pledged collateral was $3.5 billion. The pledged collateral is held by a custodian bank. Since these funds are not held by NASDAQ OMX and they are not available for NASDAQ OMX to use, we do not receive any interest income on these funds. We believe that the potential for us to be required to make payments under these arrangements is mitigated through the pledged collateral, our risk management policies and in the case of NASDAQ OMX Commodities a default insurance policy. Accordingly, no contingent liability is recorded in the Consolidated Balance Sheets for these arrangements.
We also have credit risk related to transaction fees that are billed to customers on a monthly basis, in arrears. Our potential exposure to credit losses on these transactions is represented by the receivable balances in our Consolidated Balance Sheets. Our customers are financial institutions whose ability to satisfy their contractual obligations may be impacted by volatile securities markets.
On an ongoing basis we review and evaluate changes in the status of our counterpartys creditworthiness. Credit losses such as those described above could adversely affect our consolidated financial position and results of operations.
Contractual Obligations and Contingent Commitments
NASDAQ OMX has contractual obligations to make future payments under debt obligations by contract maturity, minimum rental commitments under non-cancelable operating leases, net and other obligations. The following table shows these contractual obligations:
Payments Due by Period | |||||||||||||||
Contractual Obligations |
Total | Less than 1 year |
1-3 years |
3-5 years |
More than 5 years | ||||||||||
(in millions) | |||||||||||||||
Debt obligations by contract maturity (See Note 9, Debt Obligations)(1) |
$ | 2,841.2 | $ | 299.1 | $ | 1,068.0 | $ | 1,459.7 | $ | 14.4 | |||||
Minimum rental commitments under non-cancelable operating leases, net (See Note 18, Leases) |
380.1 | 49.6 | 90.0 | 72.9 | 167.6 | ||||||||||
Other obligations |
116.1 | 25.4 | 71.6 | 1.8 | 17.3 | ||||||||||
Total |
$ | 3,337.4 | $ | 374.1 | $ | 1,229.6 | $ | 1,534.4 | $ | 199.3 | |||||
(1) | Our debt obligations include both principal and interest obligations. The interest on our Credit Facilities reflects the net interest payment after consideration of interest rate swap agreements that effectively converted $200.0 million of our Credit Facility to fixed rate debt. See Note 9, Debt Obligations, to the consolidated financial statements for further discussion. A weighted-average interest rate of 3.06% at December 31, 2008 was used to compute the amount of the contractual obligations for interest on our Credit Facilities. For our 3.75% convertible notes, the contractual obligation for interest was calculated on a 360 day basis at the contractual fixed rate of 3.75% multiplied by the remaining aggregate principal amount of $120.1 million at December 31, 2008. The 2.50% convertible senior notes contractual obligation for interest was calculated on a 360 day basis at the contractual fixed rate of 2.50% multiplied by the aggregate principal amount of $475.0 million at December 31, 2008. |
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
Brokerage Activities
In accordance with FASB Interpretation 45, Guarantors Accounting and Disclosure Requirements for Guarantees, Including Indirect Guarantees of Indebtedness of Others, or FIN 45, Nasdaq Execution Services and NASDAQ Options Services provide guarantees to securities clearinghouses and exchanges under their standard membership agreements, which require members to guarantee the performance of other members. If a member becomes unable to satisfy its obligations to the clearinghouses, other members would be required to meet its shortfalls. To mitigate these performance risks, the exchanges and clearinghouses often require members to post collateral as well as meet certain minimum financial standards. Nasdaq Execution Services and NASDAQ Options Services maximum potential liability under these arrangements cannot be quantified. However, we believe that the potential for Nasdaq Execution Services and NASDAQ Options Services to be required to make payments under these arrangements is unlikely. Accordingly, no contingent liability is recorded in the Consolidated Balance Sheets for these arrangements.
Obligations Under Guarantee
In connection with our registration as a national securities exchange, Nasdaq completed an internal reorganization in November 2006. As part of the reorganization, Nasdaq transferred the ownership of some of its subsidiaries, including its broker-dealer subsidiaries, to The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC. The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC assumed Nasdaqs obligations under the 3.75% convertible notes due October 22, 2012 and the related indenture. NASDAQ OMX guarantees the obligations of The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC under the indenture.
As discussed in Note 9, Debt Obligations, to the consolidated financial statements, in the 2007 and 2008, a portion of the 3.75% convertible notes were converted from debt to equity. NASDAQ OMX continues to guarantee the obligations of The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC under the remaining 3.75% convertible notes.
Guarantees Issued and Collateral Received for Clearing Operations
Through our clearing operations in the derivative markets with NASDAQ OMX Commodities, NASDAQ OMX Stockholm and IDCG, we are the legal counterparty for each derivative position traded and thereby guarantee the fulfillment of each contract. We are required to pledge collateral for commitments with other clearinghouses. The amount of these commitments is calculated on the gross exposure between the clearinghouses. As collateral for these obligations, we have obtained financial guarantees and credit facilities which are guaranteed by us through counter indemnities. At December 31, 2008, these guarantees and credit facilities totaled $636.9 million. We require our customers to pledge collateral and meet certain minimum financial standards to mitigate the risk if they become unable to satisfy their obligations. At December 31, 2008, total customer pledged collateral was $3.5 billion. The pledged collateral is held by a custodian bank. Since these funds are not held by NASDAQ OMX and they are not available for NASDAQ OMX to use, we do not receive any interest income on these funds. We believe that the potential for us to be required to make payments under these arrangements is mitigated through the pledged collateral, our risk management policies and in the case of NASDAQ OMX Commodities a default insurance policy. Accordingly, no contingent liability is recorded in the Consolidated Balance Sheets for these arrangements.
Other Guarantees
We have provided guarantees as of December 31, 2008 of $31.3 million, primarily related to obligations for our rental and leasing contracts. We have received financial guarantees from various financial institutions to support these guarantees.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
The preparation of Consolidated Financial Statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to use judgment in making estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses. The following critical accounting policies are based on, among other things, judgments and assumptions made by management that include inherent risk and uncertainties. Managements estimates are based on the relevant information available at the end of each period. For a summary of our significant accounting policies, including the accounting policies discussed below, see Note 2, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, to the consolidated financial statements for further discussion.
Revenue Recognition
Issuer Services Revenues
Global Listing Services
Listing Services revenues in the U.S. include annual renewal fees, listing of additional shares fees and initial listing fees. Annual renewal fees do not require any judgments or assumptions by management as these amounts are recognized ratably over the following 12-month period. However, listing of additional shares fees and initial listing fees are recognized on a straight-line basis over estimated service periods, which are four and six years, respectively, based on our historical listing experience, pursuant to the requirements of SAB Topic 13.
Market Technology Revenues
Market Technology revenues are derived from three primary sources: licensing, support and project revenues, facility management services revenues and other revenues. Revenues related to Market Technology are accounted for in accordance with SOP 97-2, and SOP 81-1, depending upon the terms of the Market Technology contracts.
We may customize our software technology and make significant modifications to the software to meet the needs of our customers. As such, we account for these Market Technology contracts pursuant to the provisions of SOP 81-1. Under contract accounting, total revenues and costs incurred for a customer under a customer contract are deferred and recognized over the final element, generally the post contract support period. We have included the deferral of this revenue in other accrued liabilities and the deferral of costs in other assets in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
We enter into sales arrangements with customers for software programs, support and other post-contract services. SOP 97-2 sets out precise requirements for establishing VSOE for valuing elements of certain multiple-element arrangements. When VSOE for individual elements of an arrangement cannot be established in accordance with SOP 97-2, revenue is generally deferred and recognized over the term of the final element. We do not have VSOE for certain elements of certain multiple-element arrangements with customers. Therefore, as stated above, for contracts which are accounted for under contract accounting, total revenues and costs incurred for a customer under a customer contract are deferred and recognized over the post contract support period after the significant modifications have been completed.
License, support and project revenues are derived from the system solutions developed and sold by NASDAQ OMX. After we have developed and sold a system solution, the customer licenses the right to use the software. Each project involves individual
adaptations to the specific requirements of the customer, for instance, relating to functionality and capacity. When NASDAQ OMX provides a system solution, it undertakes to upgrade, develop and maintain the system and receives regular support revenues for this work which is recognized over the contract period. Under contract accounting, where customization and significant modifications to the software are made to meet the needs of our customers, total revenues as well as costs incurred are deferred until the customization and significant modifications are complete and are then recognized over the support period. The timing of recognition of our deferred Market Technology revenues is dependent upon the timing when significant modifications are made pursuant to the contracts. As such, as it relates to these fees, the timing represents our best estimate.
Reserve for Bad Debts
The reserve for bad debts is maintained at a level that management believes to be sufficient to absorb estimated losses in the accounts receivable portfolio. The reserve is increased by the provision for bad debts which is charged against operating results and decreased by the amount of charge-offs, net of recoveries. The amount charged against operating results is based on several factors including, but not limited to, a continuous assessment of the collectibility of each account, the length of time a receivable is past due and our historical experience with the particular customer. In circumstances where a specific customers inability to meet its financial obligations is known (i.e., bankruptcy filings), we record a specific provision for bad debts against amounts due to reduce the receivable to the amount we reasonably believe will be collected. Due to changing economic, business and market conditions, we review the reserve for bad debts monthly and make changes to the reserve through the provision for bad debts as appropriate. If circumstances change (i.e., higher than expected defaults or an unexpected material adverse change in a major customers ability to pay), our estimates of recoverability could be reduced by a material amount.
Financial Investments
We account for our financial investments in accordance with SFAS 115. Financial investments, at fair value on the Consolidated Balance Sheets, represent debt securities that are classified as trading. Changes in fair value of trading investment securities are included in dividend and investment income in the Consolidated Statements of Income. Long-term available-for-sale investment securities are carried at fair value in the Consolidated Balance Sheets in other assets with unrealized gains and losses, net of tax, reported as a separate component of stockholders equity. Realized gains and losses on available-for-sale securities are included in earnings upon disposition of the securities using the specific identification method. In addition, losses are recognized when management determines that a decline in value is other-than-temporary, which requires judgment regarding the amount and timing of recovery. Indicators of other-than-temporary impairment for debt securities include issuer downgrade, default, or bankruptcy. For debt and equity securities we also consider the extent to which cost exceeds fair value, the duration of that difference and managements judgment about the issuers current and prospective financial condition, as well as our intent and ability to hold the security until recovery of the unrealized losses. For equity securities we also consider the performance of the investees stock price in relation to industry indexes and review the investees credit profile. In the fourth quarter of 2008, we recorded an other-than-temporary impairment loss on a long-term available-for-sale investment security of $34.9 million. This charge was included in asset impairment charges in the Consolidated Statements of Income. See Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income, of Note 14, Stockholders Equity, to the consolidated financial statements for further discussion. We did not record any other-than-temporary impairments in December 31, 2007 or 2006.
Fair value of both available-for-sale and trading investment securities are generally obtained from third party pricing sources. When available, quoted market prices are used to determine fair value. If quoted market prices are not available, fair values are estimated using pricing models, where the inputs to those models are based on observable market inputs. The inputs to the valuation models vary by the type of security being priced but are typically benchmark yields, reported trades, broker dealer quotes, and prices of similar assets. Pricing models generally do not entail material subjectivity because the methodologies employed use inputs observed from active markets. See Note 16, Fair Value of Financial Instruments, to the consolidated financial statements for further discussion of fair value measures.
Goodwill and Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets and Related Impairment
Our business acquisitions typically result in the recording of goodwill and intangible assets, and the recorded values of those assets may become impaired in the future. As of December 31, 2008, goodwill totaled approximately $4.5 billion and intangible assets, net of accumulated amortization, totaled approximately $1.6 billion. The determination of the value of such goodwill and intangible assets requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect our consolidated financial statements. In connection with SFAS No. 142, Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets, or SFAS 142, we are required to test goodwill for impairment at the reporting unit level annually, or in interim periods if certain events occur indicating that the carrying value may be impaired. We have elected to make the first day of the fourth quarter the annual impairment assessment date for all goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets. We assess potential impairments to goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets when there is evidence that events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recovered. Our judgments regarding the existence of impairment indicators and future cash flows related to goodwill and intangible assets are based on operational performance of our acquired businesses, market conditions, relevant trading multiples of comparable companies, the trading price of our common stock and other factors. Although there are inherent uncertainties in this assessment process, the estimates and assumptions we use are consistent with our internal planning. However, disruptions to our business such as continued
economic weakness and unexpected significant declines in operating results of reporting units, may result in our having to perform a goodwill impairment test for some or all of our reporting units prior to the required annual assessment. These types of events and the resulting analysis could result in goodwill or intangible asset impairment charges in the future. For goodwill, if the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying value, an impairment loss is recorded to the extent that the fair value of the goodwill is less than the carrying value. For indefinite-lived intangible assets, impairment exists if the carrying value of the intangible asset exceeds its fair value.
Long-Lived Assets and Related Impairment
In accordance with SFAS No. 144, Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets, or SFAS 144, we assess potential impairments to our long-lived assets, including finite-lived intangible assets and property and equipment, when there is evidence that events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recovered. An impairment loss is recognized when the carrying amount of the long-lived asset is not recoverable and exceeds its fair value. The carrying amount of a long-lived asset is not recoverable if it exceeds the sum of the undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use and eventual disposition of the asset. Any required impairment loss is measured as the amount by which the carrying amount of a long-lived asset exceeds its fair value and is recorded as a reduction in the carrying value of the related asset and a charge to operating results. In the third quarter of 2008, we recorded an impairment loss of finite-lived intangible assets of $7.3 million primarily related to our insurance agency business, which is part of Corporate Services within our Issuer Services segment. This charge was included in asset impairment charges in the Consolidated Statements of Income. See Note 4, Goodwill and Purchased Intangible Assets, for further discussion. In 2006, we recorded write-downs for property and equipment of $5.9 million related to the sale of a building and related assets located in Trumbull, Connecticut. The carrying value of the building and related assets were adjusted to their fair market value less costs to sell, which were determined based on quoted market prices from independent third parties. This charge was also included in asset impairment charges in the Consolidated Statements of Income in 2006. No other impairments of long-lived assets were recorded in 2008, 2007 or 2006.
Amortization Periods of Intangible Assets with Finite-Lives
Intangible assets, net, primarily include exchange and clearing registrations, customer relationships, trade names, licenses and technology. Intangible assets with finite-lives are amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated average useful lives as follows:
| Technology: 1.510 years |
| Customer relationships: 1130 years |
| Other: 110 years |
The estimated useful life of developed and new technology is based on the likely duration of benefit to be derived from the technology. We consider such factors as the migration cycle for re-platforming existing technologies and the development of future generations of technology. We also give consideration to paragraph 11 of SFAS 142, and to the pace of the technological changes in the industries in which we sell our products.
The estimated useful life of customer relationships is determined based on an analysis of the historical attrition rates of customers and paragraph 11 of SFAS 142, which includes an analysis of the legal, regulatory, contractual, competitive, economic, or other factors that limit the useful life of customer relationships.
See Note 3, Business Combinations, and Note 4, Goodwill and Purchased Intangible Assets, to the consolidated financial statements for further discussion of intangible assets.
Share-Based Compensation
We account for share-based compensation in accordance with SFAS No. 123 (revised 2004), Share-Based Payment, or SFAS 123(R), which requires the measurement and recognition of compensation expense for all share-based payment awards made to employees including employee stock options, restricted stock, performance share units, or PSUs, and certain employee stock purchase plans, based on estimated fair values.
We estimate the fair value of share-based awards using the Black-Scholes valuation model. Assumptions used in the Black-Scholes valuation model include the expected life of the award, the weighted-average risk free rate, the expected volatility, and the dividend yield. Our computation of expected life is based on historical exercise patterns. The risk free interest rate for periods within the expected life of the award is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant. Our computation of expected volatility is based on a combination of historical and market-based implied volatility. Our Credit Facilities restrict our ability to pay dividends. Before our Credit Facilities were in place, it was not our policy to declare or pay cash dividends on our common stock.
See Note 12, Share-Based Compensation, to the consolidated financial statements for further discussion.
Income Taxes
Estimates and judgments are required in the calculation of certain tax liabilities and in the determination of the recoverability of certain deferred tax assets, which arise from net operating loss carryforwards, tax credit carryforwards and temporary differences between the tax and financial statement recognition of revenue and expense. SFAS No. 109, Accounting for Income Taxes, or SFAS 109, requires that deferred tax assets be reduced by a valuation allowance, if it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the recorded deferred tax assets will not be realized in future periods. We adopted the provisions of FIN 48, on January 1, 2007. FIN 48 requires management to determine whether a tax position is more likely than not to be sustained upon examination, including resolution of any related appeals or litigation processes, based on the technical merits of the position. Once it is determined that a position meets the recognition thresholds, the position is measured to determine the amount of benefit to be recognized in the consolidated financial statements. Interest and/or penalties related to income tax matters are recognized in income tax expense.
In assessing the need for a valuation allowance, we consider all available evidence including past operating results, the existence of cumulative losses in the most recent fiscal years, estimates of future taxable income and the feasibility of tax planning strategies. In the event that we change our determination as to the amount of deferred tax assets that can be realized, we will adjust our valuation allowance with a corresponding impact to the provision for income taxes in the period in which such determination is made.
In addition, the calculation of our tax liabilities involves uncertainties in the application of tax regulations in the U.S. and other tax jurisdictions. We recognize potential liabilities for anticipated tax audit issues in such jurisdictions based on our estimate of whether, and the extent to which, additional taxes and interest may be due. While we believe that our tax liabilities reflect the probable outcome of identified tax uncertainties, it is reasonably possible that the ultimate resolution of any tax matter may be greater or less than the amount accrued. If events occur and the payment of these amounts ultimately proves unnecessary, the reversal of the liabilities would result in tax benefits being recognized in the period when we determine the liabilities are no longer necessary. If our estimate of tax liabilities proves to be less than the ultimate assessment, a further charge to expense would result.
Pension and Post-Retirement Benefits
Pension and other post-retirement benefit plan information for financial reporting purposes is developed using actuarial valuations. We assess our pension and other post-retirement benefit plan assumptions on a regular basis. In evaluating these assumptions, we consider many factors, including evaluation of the discount rate, expected rate of return on plan assets, healthcare cost trend rate, retirement age assumption, our historical assumptions compared with actual results and analysis of current market conditions and asset allocations. See Note 11, Employee Benefits, to the consolidated financial statements for further discussion.
Discount rates used for pension and other post-retirement benefit plan calculations are evaluated annually and modified to reflect the prevailing market rates at the measurement date of a high-quality fixed-income debt instrument portfolio that would provide the future cash flows needed to pay the benefits included in the benefit obligations as they come due. Actuarial assumptions are based upon managements best estimates and judgment.
The expected rate of return on plan assets for our U.S. pension plans represents our long-term assessment of return expectations which may change based on significant shifts in economic and financial market conditions. The long-term rate of return on plan assets is derived from return assumptions based on targeted allocations for various asset classes. While we consider the pension plans recent performance and other economic growth and inflation factors, which are supported by long-term historical data, the return expectations for the targeted asset categories represents a long-term prospective return.
Software Costs
We capitalize and amortize significant purchased application software and operational software that are an integral part of computer hardware on the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives, generally two to five years. We expense other purchased software as incurred.
NASDAQ OMX uses Statement of Position 98-1, Accounting for the Costs of Computer Software Developed or Obtained for Internal Use, or SOP 98-1, for accounting for internally developed software. SOP 98-1 requires that certain costs incurred in connection with developing or obtaining internal use software be capitalized. We capitalize internal and third party costs incurred in connection with the development of internal use software.
The provisions of SFAS No. 86, Accounting for the Costs of Computer Software to be Sold, Leased, or Otherwise Marketed, or SFAS 86, which apply to our Market Technology segment, specify the accounting for the costs of computer software to be sold, leased, or otherwise marketed as a separate product or as part of a product or process. In accordance with SFAS 86, software development expenses are capitalized after the product has reached technological feasibility. Technological feasibility is established upon completion of a detail program design or, in its absence, completion. Thereafter, all software production costs shall be capitalized. Prior to reaching technological feasibility, all costs are charged to expense. Capitalized costs are amortized on a straight-line basis over the remaining estimated economic life of the product and are included in depreciation and amortization expense in the Consolidated Statements of Income.
Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements
SFAS No. 157As of January 1, 2008, we adopted on a prospective basis certain required provisions of SFAS No. 157, Fair Value Measurements, or SFAS 157, as amended by FASB Financial Staff Position, or FSP, No. 157-2, Effective Date of FASB Statement No. 157, or FSP 157-2 . Those provisions relate to our financial assets and liabilities carried at fair value and our fair value disclosures related to financial assets and liabilities. SFAS 157 defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. As such, our financial assets and financial liabilities recorded at fair value have been categorized based upon a fair value hierarchy in accordance with SFAS 157. See Note 16, Fair Value of Financial Instruments, to the consolidated financial statements for further discussion. The adoption of SFAS 157 did not have a significant impact on our consolidated financial statements. We did not elect to adopt SFAS 157 for acquired non-financial assets and assumed non-financial liabilities.
SFAS No. 159In February 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 159, The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities, or SFAS 159. SFAS 159 allows entities to voluntarily choose, at specified election dates, to measure many financial assets and financial liabilities at fair value (the fair value option). SFAS 159 is expected to expand the use of fair value accounting but does not affect existing standards which require certain assets or liabilities to be carried at fair value. SFAS 159 provides an option for most financial assets and liabilities to be reported at fair value on an instrument-by-instrument basis with changes in fair value reported in earnings. After the initial adoption, the election is made at the acquisition of a financial asset, financial liability, or a firm commitment and it may not be revoked. SFAS 159 provides an opportunity to mitigate volatility in reported earnings that was caused by measuring hedged assets and liabilities that were previously required to use an accounting method other than fair value, while the related economic hedges were reported at fair value. SFAS 159 was effective for us on January 1, 2008. We have considered the fair value option and decided not to elect the option upon adoption. We will continue to consider the fair value option upon acquiring assets and liabilities that would fall under this option and may elect it in future periods.
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
SFAS No. 141(R) and SFAS 160In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 141(R)(revised 2007), Business Combinations, or SFAS 141(R), which revised SFAS No. 141, Business Combinations, or SFAS 141, and FASB Statement No. 160, Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Financial Statements, an amendment of ARB No. 51, or SFAS 160. These FASBs are effective for us on a prospective basis on January 1, 2009.
SFAS 141(R) will significantly change how business acquisitions are accounted for and will impact financial statements both on the acquisition date and in subsequent periods. SFAS 141(R) will require:
| More assets acquired and liabilities assumed to be measured at fair value as of the acquisition date; |
| Liabilities related to contingent consideration to be remeasured at fair value in each subsequent reporting period; and |
| An acquirer to expense acquisition-related costs (e.g., deal fees for attorneys, accountants, investment bankers). |
On January 1, 2009, we adopted SFAS 160 which changed the accounting and reporting for minority interests, which are now characterized as noncontrolling interests and classified as a component of equity. This guidance required retroactive adoption of the presentation and disclosure requirements for existing noncontrolling interests. All other requirements under the new guidance have been applied prospectively. Noncontrolling interests were $17 million as of December 31, 2008 and $0 million as of December 31, 2007.
SFAS No. 161In March 2008, the FASB issued SFAS No. 161, Disclosures about Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities, an amendment of FASB Statement No. 133, or SFAS 161. SFAS 161 expands the disclosure requirements for derivative instruments and hedging activities and specifically requires entities to provide enhanced disclosures concerning:
| How and why an entity uses derivative instruments; |
| How derivative instruments and related hedged items are accounted for under SFAS No. 133, Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities, or SFAS 133; and |
| How derivative instruments and related hedged items affect an entitys financial position, financial performance and cash flows. |
SFAS 161 also requires disclosure of the fair values of derivative instruments and their gains and losses in a tabular format. SFAS 161 is effective for us on January 1, 2009.
FASB Staff Position APB No. 14-1 - On January 1, 2009, we adopted FSP APB 14-1 Debt: Debt with Conversion and Other Options, which is applicable to our 2.50% convertible senior notes due 2013. This guidance requires us to separately account for the liability and equity components of a convertible debt instrument in a manner that reflects our nonconvertible debt borrowing rate when interest cost is recognized in subsequent periods. The guidance also requires bifurcation of a component of the debt, classification of that component in equity and then accretion of the resulting discount on the debt as part of interest expense being reflected in the income statement.
We have adjusted all periods presented to reflect the reclassification of a portion of the carrying value of the 2.50% convertible senior notes from debt to equity and the accretion of the debt discount as part of interest expense. The incremental effect of adopting the provisions under this guidance on our Consolidated Statements of Income was additional interest expense of $10.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2008. The resulting tax benefit was $4.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2008. The incremental effects of adopting the provisions under this guidance on our Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2008 are presented in the following table (in millions).
Before Adoption of FSP APB 14-1 |
Effect of Adopting FSP APB 14-1 |
After Adoption of FSP APB 14-1 | ||||||||
Deferred tax liabilities |
$ | 14 | $ | 5 | $ | 19 | ||||
Non-current deferred tax liabilities |
672 | 24 | 696 | |||||||
Total debt obligations |
2,598 | (74 | )(1) | 2,524 | ||||||
Total liabilities |
8,494 | (45 | ) | 8,449 | ||||||
Additional paid-in capital |
3,518 | 51 | (2) | 3,569 | ||||||
Retained earnings |
1,350 | (6 | ) | 1,344 | ||||||
Total NASDAQ OMX stockholders equity |
4,241 | 45 | 4,286 |
(1) | As of December 31, 2008, the unamortized debt discount on the 2.50% convertible senior notes included in debt obligations in the Consolidated Balance Sheets was $74 million. This amount will be accreted as part of interest expense through the maturity date of the convertible debt of August 15, 2013. |
(2) | As of December 31, 2008, the equity component of the 2.50% convertible senior notes included in additional paid-in capital in the Consolidated Balance Sheets was $51 million. This amount is calculated as follows: $85 million of excess principal of the 2.50% convertible senior notes over the carrying amount less $34 million of deferred taxes. The deferred tax liability is determined by multiplying the $85 million of excess principal of the 2.50% convertible senior notes over the carrying amount by the U.S. marginal tax rate of 39.55%. |
See Note 9, Debt Obligations, for further discussion of our 2.50% convertible senior notes.
Summarized Quarterly Financial Data (Unaudited) As Adjusted
1st Qtr 2008 |
2nd Qtr 2008 |
3rd Qtr 2008 |
4th Qtr 2008 |
|||||||||||||
(in thousands, except per share amounts) | ||||||||||||||||
Total revenues |
$ | 813,826 | $ | 821,478 | $ | 990,346 | $ | 1,024,545 | ||||||||
Cost of revenues |
(535,494 | ) | (441,325 | ) | (591,333 | ) | (621,951 | ) | ||||||||
Revenues less liquidity rebates, brokerage, clearance and exchange fees |
278,332 | 380,153 | 399,013 | 402,594 | ||||||||||||
Total operating expenses |
145,310 | 225,325 | 226,744 | 222,540 | ||||||||||||
Operating income |
133,022 | 154,828 | 172,269 | 180,054 | ||||||||||||
Net income attributable to NASDAQ OMX |
$ | 120,720 | $ | 99,710 | $ | 58,138 | $ | 34,702 | ||||||||
Basic earnings per share |
$ | 0.75 | $ | 0.50 | $ | 0.29 | $ | 0.17 | ||||||||
Diluted earnings per share |
$ | 0.69 | $ | 0.47 | $ | 0.27 | $ | 0.17 | ||||||||
1st Qtr 2007 |
2nd Qtr 2007 |
3rd Qtr 2007 |
4th Qtr 2007 |
|||||||||||||
Total revenues |
$ | 561,947 | $ | 558,201 | $ | 651,961 | $ | 664,484 | ||||||||
Cost of revenues |
(369,880 | ) | (359,521 | ) | (442,017 | ) | (452,935 | ) | ||||||||
Revenues less liquidity rebates, brokerage, clearance and exchange fees |
192,067 | 198,680 | 209,944 | 211,549 | ||||||||||||
Total operating expenses |
110,665 | 99,829 | 126,238 | 110,068 | ||||||||||||
Operating income |
81,402 | 98,851 | 83,706 | 101,481 | ||||||||||||
Net income attributable to NASDAQ OMX |
$ | 18,316 | $ | 56,128 | $ | 364,993 | $ | 78,963 | ||||||||
Basic earnings per share |
$ | 0.16 | $ | 0.50 | $ | 3.23 | $ | 0.63 | ||||||||
Diluted earnings per share |
$ | 0.14 | $ | 0.39 | $ | 2.41 | $ | 0.52 | ||||||||
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.
Information about quantitative and qualitative disclosures about market risk is incorporated herein by reference from Item 7. Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of OperationsQuantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.
17. | The second sentence of the third paragraph of section (b) of Exhibit D is amended and restated, as follows: |
In the event the amount of the Reimbursement Payment is less than the amount necessary to reimburse Executive for the Excise Tax, the Accounting Firm shall determine the amount of the Underpayment that has occurred and any such Underpayment (together with interest at the rate provided in Section 1274(b)(2)(B) of the Code) shall be promptly paid by the Company to or for the benefit of Executive, but no later than the end of the calendar year following the calendar year in which the applicable Excise Tax is remitted to the Federal government.
[SIGNATURE PAGE FOLLOWS]
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have duly executed this Amendment as of the day and year first above written.
/s/ Robert Greifeld |
Robert Greifeld |
THE NASDAQ OMX GROUP, INC |
By: | /s/ H. Furlong Baldwin | |
H. Furlong Baldwin | ||
Chairman, Board of Directors of The NASDAQ OMX Group, Inc. |
THE NASDAQ OMX GROUP, INC.
INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SCHEDULE
The following consolidated financial statements of The NASDAQ OMX Group, Inc. and its subsidiaries are presented herein on the page indicated:
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm |
F-2 | |
Consolidated Balance Sheets |
F-3 | |
Consolidated Statements of Income |
F-4 | |
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders Equity |
F-5 | |
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows |
F-7 | |
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements |
F-8 | |
Financial Statement Schedule: Schedule IIValuation and Qualifying Accounts |
1 |
F-1
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
The Board of Directors and Stockholders of The NASDAQ OMX Group, Inc.
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of The NASDAQ OMX Group, Inc. (the Company) as of December 31, 2008 and 2007, and the related consolidated statements of income, changes in stockholders equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2008. Our audits also included the financial statement schedule listed in the Index at Item 15. These financial statements and schedule are the responsibility of the Companys management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements and schedule based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of The NASDAQ OMX Group, Inc. at December 31, 2008 and 2007, and the consolidated results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2008, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. Also, in our opinion, the related financial statement schedule, when considered in relation to the basic financial statements taken as a whole, presents fairly in all material respects the information set forth therein.
As discussed in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company retrospectively adopted FASB Staff Position APB 14-1, Accounting for Convertible Debt Instruments That May Be Settled in Cash Upon Conversion (Including Partial Cash Settlement) (codified primarily in FASB ASC Topic 470, Debt) effective January 1, 2009 and SFAS No. 160, Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Financial Statements an amendment of ARB 51 (codified primarily in FASB ASC Topic 810, Consolidation) effective January 1, 2009.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), The NASDAQ OMX Group, Inc.s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2008, based on criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission and our report dated February 26, 2009 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.
/s/ Ernst & Young LLP
New York, New York
February 26, 2009, except for Notes 2, 9, 10, 20, and 21 as to which the date is January 11, 2010.
F-2
The NASDAQ OMX Group, Inc.
Consolidated Balance Sheets
(in thousands, except share and par value amounts)
December 31, | ||||||||
2008 (As Adjusted) |
2007 (As Adjusted) |
|||||||
Assets |
||||||||
Current assets: |
||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents |
$ | 374,281 | $ | 1,325,314 | ||||
Restricted cash |
141,482 | | ||||||
Financial investments, at fair value |
227,302 | | ||||||
Receivables, net |
338,564 | 249,524 | ||||||
Deferred tax assets |
26,605 | 10,794 | ||||||
Market value, outstanding derivative positions |
4,121,797 | | ||||||
Other current assets |
197,931 | 96,385 | ||||||
Total current assets |
5,427,962 | 1,682,017 | ||||||
Non-current restricted cash |
50,000 | | ||||||
Property and equipment, net |
182,943 | 64,523 | ||||||
Non-current deferred tax assets |
658,807 | 63,279 | ||||||
Goodwill |
4,492,422 | 980,736 | ||||||
Intangible assets, net |
1,582,864 | 181,612 | ||||||
Other assets |
357,082 | 7,230 | ||||||
Total assets |
$ | 12,752,080 | $ | 2,979,397 | ||||
Liabilities |
||||||||
Current liabilities: |
||||||||
Accounts payable and accrued expenses |
$ | 242,356 | $ | 115,114 | ||||
Section 31 fees payable to SEC |
49,382 | 103,574 | ||||||
Accrued personnel costs |
156,795 | 64,625 | ||||||
Deferred revenue |
97,769 | 60,537 | ||||||
Other accrued liabilities |
165,267 | 58,540 | ||||||
Deferred tax liabilities |
19,498 | 8,807 | ||||||
Market value, outstanding derivative positions |
4,121,797 | | ||||||
Current portion of debt obligations |
225,000 | | ||||||
Total current liabilities |
5,077,864 | 411,197 | ||||||
Debt obligations |
2,298,944 | 118,438 | ||||||
Non-current deferred tax liabilities |
695,945 | 91,811 | ||||||
Non-current deferred revenue |
155,055 | 94,045 | ||||||
Other liabilities |
221,156 | 55,623 | ||||||
Total liabilities |
8,448,964 | 771,114 | ||||||
Commitments and contingencies |
||||||||
Equity |
||||||||
NASDAQ OMX stockholders equity: |
||||||||
Common stock, $0.01 par value, 300,000,000 shares authorized, shares issued: 202,188,144 at December 31, 2008 and 139,096,762 at December 31, 2007; shares outstanding: 201,896,700 at December 31, 2008 and 138,869,150 at December 31, 2007 |
2,023 | 1,393 | ||||||
Preferred stock, 30,000,000 shares authorized, none issued or outstanding |
| | ||||||
Additional paid-in capital |
3,569,762 | 1,189,224 | ||||||
Common stock in treasury, at cost: 291,444 shares at December 31, 2008 and 227,612 shares at December 31, 2007 |
(10,350 | ) | (8,035 | ) | ||||
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) |
(619,010 | ) | (4,697 | ) | ||||
Retained earnings |
1,343,668 | 1,030,398 | ||||||
Total NASDAQ OMX stockholders equity |
4,286,093 | 2,208,283 | ||||||
Noncontrolling interests |
17,023 | | ||||||
Total equity |
4,303,116 | 2,208,283 | ||||||
Total liabilities and equity |
$ | 12,752,080 | $ | 2,979,397 | ||||
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
F-3
The NASDAQ OMX Group, Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Income
(in thousands, except per share amounts)
Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
2008 (As Adjusted) |
2007 (As Adjusted) |
2006 (As Adjusted) |
||||||||||
Revenues |
||||||||||||
Market Services |
$ | 3,176,423 | $ | 2,152,390 | $ | 1,408,297 | ||||||
Issuer Services |
343,159 | 283,885 | 249,016 | |||||||||
Market Technology |
118,800 | | | |||||||||
Other |
11,813 | 317 | 463 | |||||||||
Total revenues |
3,650,195 | 2,436,592 | 1,657,776 | |||||||||
Cost of revenues |
||||||||||||
Liquidity rebates |
(1,744,236 | ) | (1,049,812 | ) | (644,860 | ) | ||||||
Brokerage, clearance and exchange fees |
(445,867 | ) | (574,541 | ) | (325,521 | ) | ||||||
Total cost of revenues |
(2,190,103 | ) | (1,624,353 | ) | (970,381 | ) | ||||||
Revenues less liquidity rebates, brokerage, clearance and exchange fees |
1,460,092 | 812,239 | 687,395 | |||||||||
Operating Expenses |
||||||||||||
Compensation and benefits |
400,960 | 200,369 | 195,662 | |||||||||
Marketing and advertising |
18,613 | 20,822 | 20,522 | |||||||||
Depreciation and amortization |
92,578 | 38,890 | 70,916 | |||||||||
Professional and contract services |
71,895 | 32,113 | 32,038 | |||||||||
Computer operations and data communications |
54,471 | 28,694 | 41,472 | |||||||||
Occupancy |
65,174 | 34,556 | 34,125 | |||||||||
Regulatory |
28,943 | 28,865 | | |||||||||
Merger expenses |
25,383 | | | |||||||||
General, administrative and other |
61,902 | 62,491 | 38,843 | |||||||||
Total direct expenses |
819,919 | 446,800 | 433,578 | |||||||||
Support costs from related parties, net |
| | 33,771 | |||||||||
Total operating expenses |
819,919 | 446,800 | 467,349 | |||||||||
Operating income |
640,173 | 365,439 | 220,046 | |||||||||
Interest income |
34,509 | 37,646 | 24,633 | |||||||||
Interest expense |
(97,524 | ) | (72,863 | ) | (91,097 | ) | ||||||
Dividend and investment income |
8,382 | 14,763 | 16,195 | |||||||||
Income from unconsolidated investees, net |
27,321 | | | |||||||||
Gain (loss) on foreign currency contracts |
(57,959 | ) | 43,950 | 48,391 | ||||||||
Asset impairment charges |
(42,184 | ) | | (5,925 | ) | |||||||
Gain on sale of strategic initiative |
| 431,383 | | |||||||||
Strategic initiative costs |
| (26,511 | ) | | ||||||||
Income before income taxes |
512,718 | 793,807 | 212,243 | |||||||||
Income tax provision |
197,965 | 275,502 | 85,252 | |||||||||
Net income |
$ | 314,753 | $ | 518,305 | $ | 126,991 | ||||||
Net (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interests |
(1,483 | ) | 96 | 902 | ||||||||
Net income attributable to NASDAQ OMX |
313,270 | 518,401 | 127,893 | |||||||||
Net income applicable to common stockholders: |
||||||||||||
Net income |
$ | 313,270 | $ | 518,401 | $ | 127,893 | ||||||
Preferred stock: |
||||||||||||
Dividends declared |
| | (359 | ) | ||||||||
Accretion of preferred stock |
| | (331 | ) | ||||||||
Net income applicable to common stockholders |
$ | 313,270 | $ | 518,401 | $ | 127,203 | ||||||
Basic and diluted earnings per share: |
||||||||||||
Basic earnings per share |
$ | 1.65 | $ | 4.47 | $ | 1.22 | ||||||
Diluted earnings per share |
$ | 1.55 | $ | 3.46 | $ | 0.95 | ||||||
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
F-4
The NASDAQ OMX GROUP, Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity
(in thousands, except share amounts)
Number of Common Shares Outstanding |
Common Stock |
Additional Paid-in Capital |
Common Stock in Treasury |
Preferred Stock Series C and D |
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) |
Retained Earnings |
Deferred Stock Compensation |
Common Stock Issuable |
Noncontrolling Interests |
Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance at January 1, 2006 (As Adjusted) |
83,148,909 | $ | 1,307 | $ | 383,669 | $ | (613,369 | ) | $ | 95,017 | $ | (1,290 | ) | $ | 385,794 | $ | (4,930 | ) | $ | 6,809 | $ | 998 | $ | 254,005 | ||||||||||||||||||
Net income (loss) |
| | | | | | 127,893 | | | (902 | ) | 126,991 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Change in unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale investments, net of tax of $(95,082) |
| | | | | 147,320 | | | | | 147,320 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Foreign currency translation |
| | | | | 37 | | | | | 37 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Employee benefit adjustments, net of tax of $6,366 |
| | | | | (9,863 | ) | | | | | (9,863 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Comprehensive income for the year ended December 31, 2006 |
264,485 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Proceeds from public equity offerings |
26,542,142 | | 630,024 | 342,394 | | | | | | | 972,418 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Accretion of preferred stock and dividends declared |
| | | | 331 | | (690 | ) | | | | (359 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Redemption of Series C Cumulative and Series D preferred stock |
| | | | (95,348 | ) | | | | | | (95,348 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Adoption of FAS 123R |
| | 33,027 | | | | | 4,930 | (6,809 | ) | | 31,148 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Amortization and vesting of restricted stock |
180,518 | | 1,459 | 2,021 | | | | | | | 3,480 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Stock options exercised, net |
2,470,545 | | (2,831 | ) | 30,813 | | | | | | | 27,982 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other purchases of common stock, net |
(24,127 | ) | | 1,251 | (1,611 | ) | | | | | | | (360 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance at December 31, 2006 (As Adjusted) |
112,317,987 | $ | 1,307 | $ | 1,046,599 | $ | (239,752 | ) | $ | | $ | 136,204 | $ | 512,997 | $ | | $ | | $ | 96 | $ | 1,457,451 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Net income |
| | | | | | 518,401 | | | (96 | ) | 518,305 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Change in unrealized losses on available-for-sale investments, net of tax of ($54) |
| | | | | 83 | | | | | 83 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Change in unrealized gain on sale of strategic initiative, net of tax of $94,764 |
| | | | | (146,826 | ) | | | | | (146,826 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Foreign currency translation |
| | | | | (184 | ) | | | | | (184 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Employee benefit adjustments, net of tax of ($3,835) |
| | | | | 6,026 | | | | | 6,026 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Comprehensive income for the year ended December 31, 2007 |
377,404 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Conversion of 3.75% convertible notes and exercise of warrants |
24,777,859 | 83 | 110,848 | 214,155 | | | | | | | 325,086 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Adoption of FIN 48 |
| | | | | | (1,000 | ) | | | | (1,000 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Amortization and vesting of restricted stock |
136,750 | | 5,420 | 1,329 | | | | | | | 6,749 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Stock options exercised, net |
1,597,005 | 3 | 24,363 | 17,084 | | | | | | | 41,450 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other purchases of common stock, net |
39,549 | | 1,994 | (851 | ) | | | | | | | 1,143 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance at December 31, 2007 (As Adjusted) |
138,869,150 | $ | 1,393 | $ | 1,189,224 | $ | (8,035 | ) | $ | | $ | (4,697 | ) | $ | 1,030,398 | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | 2,208,283 |
F-5
Number of Common Shares Outstanding |
Common Stock |
Additional Paid-in Capital |
Common Stock in Treasury |
Preferred Stock Series C and D |
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) |
Retained Earnings |
Deferred Stock Compensation |
Common Stock Issuable |
Noncontrolling Interests |
Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net income |
| | | | | | 313,270 | | | 1,483 | 314,753 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Change in unrealized losses on derivative financial instruments that qualify as cash flow hedges, net of tax of $4,408 |
| | | | | (6,738 | ) | | | | | (6,738 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Foreign currency translation, net of tax of $436,600 |
| | | | | (601,423 | ) | | | | | (601,423 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Employee benefit adjustments, net of tax of $975 |
| | | | | (6,152 | ) | | | | | (6,152 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Comprehensive (loss) for the year ended December 31, 2008 |
(299,560 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Business combination with OMX AB |
60,561,515 | 606 | 2,266,212 | | | | | | | 15,540 | 2,282,358 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Conversion of 3.75% convertible notes and exercise of warrants |
1,531,451 | 15 | 22,336 | (234 | ) | | | | | | | 22,117 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Adoption of FSP APB 14-1 |
| | 51,281 | | | | | | | | 51,281 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Amortization and vesting of restricted stock |
164,507 | 2 | 14,790 | (2,081 | ) | | | | | | | 12,711 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Stock options exercised, net |
712,860 | 6 | 22,997 | | | | | | | | 23,003 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other purchases of common stock, net |
57,217 | 1 | 2,922 | | | | | | | | 2,923 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance at December 31, 2008 (As Adjusted) |
201,896,700 | $ | 2,023 | $ | 3,569,762 | $ | (10,350 | ) | $ | | $ | (619,010 | ) | $ | 1,343,668 | $ | | $ | | $ | 17,023 | $ | 4,303,116 | ||||||||||||
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
F-6
The NASDAQ OMX Group, Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(in thousands)
Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
2008 (As Adjusted) |
2007 | 2006 | ||||||||||
Cash provided by operating activities |
||||||||||||
Net income attributable to NASDAQ OMX |
$ | 313,270 | $ | 518,401 | $ | 127,893 | ||||||
Adjustments to reconcile net income to cash provided by operating activities: |
||||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization |
92,578 | 38,890 | 70,916 | |||||||||
Share-based compensation |
25,681 | 16,746 | 9,871 | |||||||||
Excess tax benefits related to share-based compensation |
(5,315 | ) | (16,210 | ) | (24,758 | ) | ||||||
Provision for bad debts |
4,118 | 1,858 | 464 | |||||||||
Loss on the early extinguishment and refinancing of debt obligations |
| 6,961 | 22,032 | |||||||||
Asset impairment charges |
42,184 | | 5,925 | |||||||||
(Gain) loss on foreign currency contracts |
57,959 | (43,950 | ) | (48,391 | ) | |||||||
Deferred taxes, net |
(107,462 | ) | (15,582 | ) | 13,404 | |||||||
Income from unconsolidated investees, net |
(27,321 | ) | | | ||||||||
Clearing contract charge |
| 10,620 | | |||||||||
Accretion of 2.50% convertible notes |
10,918 | | | |||||||||
Strategic initiative costs |
| 26,511 | | |||||||||
Gain on sale of strategic initiative |
| (431,383 | ) | | ||||||||
Other non-cash items included in net income |
4,856 | (2,150 | ) | (61 | ) | |||||||
Net change in operating assets and liabilities, net of effects of acquisitions: |
||||||||||||
Receivables, net |
31,553 | (26,502 | ) | 9,524 | ||||||||
Other assets |
(181,375 | ) | 7,661 | (22,060 | ) | |||||||
Accounts payable and accrued expenses |
19,772 | (31,250 | ) | (17,953 | ) | |||||||
Section 31 fees payable to SEC |
(54,192 | ) | 43,470 | 60,104 | ||||||||
Accrued personnel costs |
20,872 | 9,059 | (207 | ) | ||||||||
Deferred revenue |
(40,460 | ) | 7,175 | (389 | ) | |||||||
Other accrued liabilities |
(9,007 | ) | 63,640 | 5,017 | ||||||||
Payables to related parties |
| | (8,063 | ) | ||||||||
Other liabilities |
17,617 | (10,729 | ) | (2,193 | ) | |||||||
Cash provided by operating activities |
216,246 | 173,236 | 201,075 | |||||||||
Cash flows from investing activities |
||||||||||||
Purchases of trading investment securities |
(164,588 | ) | | | ||||||||
Purchases of available-for-sale investments, net |
| (80,400 | ) | (1,827,057 | ) | |||||||
Proceeds from maturities of available-for-sale investments |
| 51,910 | 38,780 | |||||||||
Proceeds from sales and redemptions of available-for-sale investments |
15,176 | 1,864,630 | 581,670 | |||||||||
Purchases of foreign currency contracts |
(12,500 | ) | (12,988 | ) | (23,350 | ) | ||||||
Settlement of foreign currency contracts |
66,515 | 67,937 | | |||||||||
Acquisitions of businesses, net of cash and cash equivalents acquired and purchase accounting adjustments |
(2,998,821 | ) | (15,105 | ) | (53,959 | ) | ||||||
Purchases of property and equipment |
(54,719 | ) | (18,489 | ) | (21,035 | ) | ||||||
Proceeds from sales of property and equipment |
267 | 383 | 30,568 | |||||||||
Cash provided by (used in) investing activities |
(3,148,670 | ) | 1,857,878 | (1,274,383 | ) | |||||||
Cash flows from financing activities |
||||||||||||
Proceeds from debt obligations, net of debt issuance costs |
2,421,748 | | 2,000,000 | |||||||||
Payments of debt obligations |
(427,918 | ) | (1,060,823 | ) | (1,689,177 | ) | ||||||
Net proceeds from exercise of warrants |
22,088 | | | |||||||||
Net proceeds from equity offerings |
| | 972,418 | |||||||||
Issuances of common stock, net of treasury stock purchases |
7,641 | 16,818 | 27,126 | |||||||||
Series C Cumulative preferred stock, net of treasury stock purchases |
| | (105,059 | ) | ||||||||
Excess tax benefits related to share-based compensation |
5,315 | 16,210 | 24,758 | |||||||||
Cash provided by (used in) financing activities |
2,028,874 | (1,027,795 | ) | 1,230,066 | ||||||||
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents |
(47,483 | ) | | | ||||||||
Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents |
(951,033 | ) | 1,003,319 | 156,758 | ||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period |
1,325,314 | 321,995 | 165,237 | |||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period |
$ | 374,281 | $ | 1,325,314 | $ | 321,995 | ||||||
Supplemental Disclosure Cash Flow Information |
||||||||||||
Cash paid for: |
||||||||||||
Interest |
$ | 67,217 | $ | 76,340 | $ | 86,812 | ||||||
Income taxes, net of refund |
$ | 266,263 | $ | 229,571 | $ | 22,849 | ||||||
Conversion of 3.75% convertible notes |
$ | 29 | $ | 324,894 | $ | |
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
F-7
The NASDAQ OMX Group, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
1. Organization and Nature of Operations
On February 27, 2008, Nasdaq and OMX AB combined their businesses and Nasdaq was renamed The NASDAQ OMX Group, Inc. We are a leading global exchange group that delivers trading, exchange technology, securities listing, and public company services across six continents. Our global offerings are diverse and include trading across multiple asset classes, market data products, financial indexes, capital formation solutions, financial services and market technology products and services. Our technology powers markets across the globe, supporting cash equity trading, derivatives trading, clearing and settlement and many other functions.
In the U.S., we operate The NASDAQ Stock Market, a registered national securities exchange. The NASDAQ Stock Market is the largest electronic cash equity securities market in the United States in terms of number of listed companies and in the world in terms of share value traded. As of December 31, 2008, The NASDAQ Stock Market was home to over 3,000 listed companies with a combined market capitalization of approximately $2.6 trillion. In addition, in the U.S. we operate NASDAQ OMX PHLX, which is the third largest U.S. options market, The NASDAQ Options Market, NASDAQ OMX BX, a second cash equities trading market, and NASDAQ OMX Futures Exchange, a futures market.
In Europe, we operate exchanges in Stockholm (Sweden), Copenhagen (Denmark), Helsinki (Finland), and Iceland as NASDAQ OMX Nordic and exchanges in Tallinn (Estonia), Riga (Latvia) and Vilnius (Lithuania) as NASDAQ OMX Baltic. In addition, we operate NASDAQ OMX Europe (London), a marketplace for pan-European blue chip trading, NASDAQ OMX Commodities, our new offering for trading and clearing commodities in Oslo, and the Armenian Stock Exchange.
The exchanges that comprise NASADQ OMX Nordic and NASDAQ OMX Baltic offer trading in cash equities, bonds, structured products and ETFs, as well as trading and clearing of derivatives. Our Nordic and Baltic operations also offer alternative marketplaces for smaller companies called NASDAQ OMX First North. As of December 31, 2008, the exchanges within NASDAQ OMX Nordic and NASDAQ OMX Baltic were home to 824 listed companies with a combined market capitalization of approximately $605 billion.
We also operate two registered broker-dealers: Nasdaq Execution Services and NASDAQ Options Services. Nasdaq Execution Services is a wholly-owned subsidiary of The NASDAQ Stock Market. It has no customers, accepts orders from one user, The NASDAQ Stock Market, and currently operates solely as the routing broker for The NASDAQ Stock Market. Nasdaq Execution Services is distinguished from most broker-dealers in that it is a facility of The NASDAQ Stock Market, which functions as both an exchange and a SRO.
NASDAQ Options Services is also a wholly-owned subsidiary of The NASDAQ Stock Market. It performs a comparable function to Nasdaq Execution Services with respect to routing of orders from The NASDAQ Options Market.
We manage, operate and provide our products and services in three business segments: Market Services, Issuer Services and Market Technology.
Market Services
Our Market Services segment includes our U.S. and European Transaction Services businesses, as well as our Market Data and Broker Services businesses. We offer trading on multiple exchanges and facilities across several asset classes including equities, derivatives, debt, commodities, structured products and ETFs.
U.S. Transaction Services
In the U.S., we offer trading in equity securities, derivatives and ETFs on The NASDAQ Stock Market, NASDAQ OMX PHLX, The NASDAQ Options Market, NASDAQ OMX BX and NFX. Our transaction-based platforms in the U.S. provide market participants with the ability to access, process, display and integrate orders and quotes for cash equities and derivatives. The platforms allow the routing and execution of buy and sell orders as well as the reporting of transactions for cash equity securities, derivatives and ETFs, providing fee-based revenues.
European Transaction Services
Nordic Transaction Services
The exchanges that comprise NASDAQ OMX Nordic offer trading for equities and bonds and trading and clearing services for derivatives. Our platform allows the exchanges to share the same trading system which enables efficient cross-border trading and settlement, cross membership, and one source for Nordic market data.
F-8
Cash trading is offered in Nordic securities such as equities and depository receipts, warrants, convertibles, rights, fund units, ETFs, bonds and other interest-related products. NASDAQ OMX Nordic also offers trading in derivatives, such as stock options and futures, index options and futures, fixed-income options and futures and stock loans.
On NASDAQ OMX Stockholm, we offer clearing services for fixed-income options and futures, stock options and futures and index options and futures by serving as the central counterparty. In doing so, we guarantee the completion of the transaction and market participants can thereby limit their counterparty risk. We also act as the counterparty for certain over-the-counter contracts. The transactions are reported electronically prior to central counterparty clearing and we thereby guarantee the completion of the transaction. Following the completion of a transaction, settlement takes place between parties with the exchange of the securities and funds. The transfer of ownership is registered and the securities are stored on the owners behalf. Settlement and registration of cash trading takes place in Sweden and Finland via the local central securities depositories.
Baltic Transaction Services
NASDAQ OMX holds a 62% ownership stake in NASDAQ OMX Tallinn (Estonia) and holds a 93% ownership stake in both NASDAQ OMX Riga (Latvia) and NASDAQ OMX Vilnius (Lithuania). In addition, we own the central securities depositories in Estonia and Latvia, and 40 percent of the central securities depository in Lithuania.
In the Baltic markets, NASDAQ OMX exchanges offer their members trading, clearing, payment and custody services. Issuers, primarily large companies, are offered listing and a distribution network for their securities. The securities traded are mainly equities, bonds and treasury bills. Clearing, payment and custody services are offered through the central securities depositories in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. In addition, in Estonia and Latvia, NASDAQ OMX offers registry maintenance of fund units included in obligatory pension funds, and in Estonia, the maintenance of shareholder registers for listed companies. The Baltic central securities depositories offer a complete range of cross-border settlement services.
Pan-European Transaction Services
NASDAQ OMX Europe is a new marketplace designed for high performance trading of the most actively traded European stocks. It is the first platform to connect European liquidity pools with pan-European routing. As of December 31, 2008, NASDAQ OMX Europe traded approximately 800 securities including constituents of the main European indices, ETFs and other highly liquid securities.
Commodities Trading and Clearing
NASDAQ OMX Commodities, together with third party partner Nord Pool, provides access to the worlds largest power derivatives markets and one of Europes largest carbon markets. NASDAQ OMX Commodities offers international derivatives and carbon products, operates a clearing business and offers consulting services to commodities markets globally. Nord Pool is responsible for exchange operations and trading activities, including ownership of Nordic derivatives products. NASDAQ OMX Commodities and Nord Pool have more than 400 members from 22 countries across a wide range of energy producers and consumers, as well as financial institutions. NASDAQ OMX Commodities offering is designed for banks, brokers, hedge funds and other financial institutions, as well as power utilities, industry, manufacturing and oil companies. NASDAQ OMX Commodities offers clearing services for energy derivative and carbon product contracts by serving as the central counterparty. In doing so, we guarantee the completion of the transaction and market participants can thereby limit their counterparty risk. We also act as the counterparty for trades on the OTC derivative market subject to our approval on a case by case basis. Trading on the contracts can take place up until the delivery period which can occur over a period of up to six years.
Access Services
We provide market participants with several alternatives for accessing our markets for a fee. We also earn revenues from annual and monthly exchange membership and registration fees.
Market Data
Market Data revenues are earned from U.S tape plans and U.S. and European market data products.
Net U.S. Tape Plans
The NASDAQ Stock Market operates as the exclusive Securities Information Processor of the UTP Plan for the collection and dissemination of best bid and offer information and last transaction information from markets that quote and trade in NASDAQ-listed securities. The NASDAQ Stock Market also is a participant in the UTP Plan and shares in the net distribution of revenue according to the plan on the same terms as the other plan participants. In the role as the Securities Information Processor, The NASDAQ Stock Market collects and disseminates quotation and last sale information for all transactions in NASDAQ-listed securities whether on The NASDAQ Stock Market or other exchanges. We sell this information to market participants and to data distributors which the data
F-9
distributors then sell to the public. After deducting costs associated with acting as an exclusive Securities Information Processor, as permitted under the revenue sharing provision of the UTP Plan, we distribute the tape fees to the respective UTP Plan participants, including The NASDAQ Stock Market, based on a formula required by Regulation NMS that takes into account both trading and quoting activity. In addition, all quotes and trades in NYSE- and NYSE Alternext-listed securities are reported and disseminated in real time, and as such, we share in the tape fees for information on NYSE- and NYSE Alternext-listed securities.
U.S. Market Data Products
Our data products enhance transparency and provide critical information to the professional and non-professional marketplace. We collect and process information and earn revenues as a distributor of our market data. We provide varying levels of quote and trade information to market participants and to data distributors, who in turn sell subscriptions for this information to the public. Our systems enable vendors to gain direct access to our detailed order data, index information, mutual fund pricing information, and corporate action information on NASDAQ-listed securities. We earn revenues primarily based on the number of data subscribers and distributors of our data.
European Market Data Products
Nordic and Baltic market data products and services provide critical market transparency to the professional and non-professional investors that participate in NASDAQ OMX Nordic and NASDAQ OMX Baltic marketplaces and, at the same time, give investors greater insight into these markets.
Information products and services are based on the trading information from the exchanges that comprise NASDAQ OMX Nordic and NASDAQ OMX Baltic for three classes of securities: equities, bonds and derivative instruments. We provide varying levels of quote and trade information to market participants and to data distributors, who in turn sell subscriptions for this information to the public. Revenues from European market data are subscription based and are generated primarily based on the number of data subscribers and distributors of our data.
Broker Services
Our Broker Services operations offer technology and customized securities administration solutions to financial participants in the Nordic market and in the United Kingdom. Broker Services provide services through a registered securities company which is regulated by the Swedish and United Kingdom Financial Supervisory Authorities. The primary services include flexible back-office systems. Our services allow customers to entirely or partly outsource their companys back-office functions.
We offer customer and account registration, business registration, clearing and settlement, corporate action handling for reconciliations and reporting to authorities. Available services also include direct settlement with the Nordic central securities depositories, real-time updating and communication via SWIFT to deposit banks. Revenues are based on a fixed basic fee for back- office brokerage services, such as administration or licensing, maintenance and operations, and a variable portion that depends on the number of transactions completed.
Issuer Services
Our Issuer Services segment includes our Global Listing Services and the Global Index Group businesses.
Global Listing Services
U.S. Listings
In the U.S., companies listed on The NASDAQ Stock Market represent a diverse array of industries including telecommunication services, information technology, financial services, healthcare, consumer products, industrials and energy. There are three types of fees applicable to companies that list on The NASDAQ Stock Market: an annual renewal fee, a listing of additional shares fees and an initial listing fee. Annual renewal fees for securities listed on The NASDAQ Stock Market are based on total shares outstanding. The fee for listing of additional shares is based on the total shares outstanding, which we review quarterly, and the initial listing fee for securities listed on The NASDAQ Stock Market includes a listing application fee and a total shares outstanding fee.
European Listings
We also offer listings on the exchanges that comprise NASDAQ OMX Nordic and NASDAQ OMX Baltic. Revenues are generated through annual fees paid by companies listed on these exchanges which are measured in terms of the listed companys market capitalization. Our European listing customers are organization such as companies, funds or governments. Customers issue securities in the forms of equities and depository receipts, warrants, ETFs, convertibles, rights, options, bonds and other fixed-income related products.
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Corporate Services
In addition, our Global Listing Services business includes revenues generated through our Corporate Services business. Our Corporate Services business provides customer support services, products and programs to companies, including companies listed on our exchanges. Through our Corporate Services offerings, companies gain access to innovative products and services that facilitate transparency, mitigate risk, maximize board efficiency and inspire better corporate governance.
Global Index Group
We develop and license NASDAQ OMX branded indexes, associated derivatives and financial products as part of our Global Index Group. These indexes and products leverage, extend and enhance the NASDAQ OMX brand. License fees for our trademark licenses vary by product based on assets or number or underlying dollar value of contracts issued. In addition to generating licensing revenues, these products, particularly mutual funds and ETFs, lead to increased investments in companies listed on The NASDAQ Stock Market, which enhances our ability to attract new U.S. listings. We also license cash-settled options, futures and options on futures on our indexes.
Market Technology
The Market Technology segment delivers technology and services to marketplaces throughout the world. Market Technology provides technology solutions for trading, clearing and settlement, and information dissemination, and also offers facility management integration and advisory services. Revenues are derived from three primary sources: licensing, support and project revenues, facility management services revenues and other revenues. License, support and project revenues are derived from the system solutions developed and sold by NASDAQ OMX. After we have developed and sold a system solution, the customer licenses the right to use the software. Facility management services revenues are derived when NASDAQ OMX assumes responsibility for the continuous operation of a system platform for a customer and receives facility management services revenues. Other revenues are derived from the amortization of the deferred revenue related to our contribution of technology licenses to NASDAQ Dubai and advisory services. See Equity Investment in NASDAQ Dubai, of Note 3, Business Combinations, for further discussion of our transaction with NASDAQ Dubai.
For further discussion of our segments, see Note 21, Segments. For further discussion of our revenue recognition policies, see Revenue Recognition and Cost of Revenues, of Note 2, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies.
2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation
As discussed in Note 3, Business Combinations, Nasdaq completed the business combination with OMX AB on February 27, 2008. The business combination between Nasdaq and OMX AB has been treated as a purchase business combination for accounting purposes, with Nasdaq treated as the acquirer. The consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes included in this Form 10-K include the financial results of OMX from the date of acquisition.
We also completed our acquisitions of PHLX on July 24, 2008, BSX on August 29, 2008 and certain businesses of Nord Pool on October 21, 2008. These acquisitions have also been treated as purchases for accounting purposes, with NASDAQ OMX treated as the acquirer. On December 19, 2008, we purchased a majority stake in IDCG. The consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes included in this Form 10-K include the financial results of PHLX, BSX, certain businesses of Nord Pool and IDCG from the dates of each acquisition.
The consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, or U.S. GAAP, and include the accounts of NASDAQ OMX, its wholly-owned subsidiaries and other entities in which NASDAQ OMX has a controlling financial interest. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. We consolidate those entities in which we are the primary beneficiary of a variable-interest entity, or VIE, as defined in FIN 46(R), Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities, an interpretation of Accounting Research Bulletin No. 51, or ARB No. 51, (revised), and entities where we have a controlling financial interest in accordance with ARB No. 51. When NASDAQ OMX is not the primary beneficiary of a VIE or does not have a controlling interest in an entity but exercises significant influence over the entitys operating and financial policies, such investment is accounted for under the equity method of accounting in accordance with Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 18, The Equity Method of Accounting for Investments in Common Stock, or APB 18.
In accordance with APB 18, for certain equity method investments for which financial information is not sufficiently timely for us to apply the equity method of accounting currently, we record our share of the earnings or losses of an investee from the most recent available financial statements on a lag. See Note 5, Equity Method Investments, for further discussion of our equity method investments.
Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation.
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Use of Estimates
The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts and the disclosure of contingent amounts in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Foreign Currency Translation
In accordance with SFAS No. 52, Foreign Currency Translation, or SFAS 52, foreign denominated assets and liabilities are remeasured into the functional currency at exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet date through the income statement. Gains or losses resulting from foreign currency transactions are translated using the rates on the dates on which those elements are recognized during the period, and are included in general, administrative and other expense in the Consolidated Statements of Income.
Translation gains or losses resulting from translating our subsidiaries financial statements from the local functional currency to the reporting currency, net of tax, are included in stockholders equity. Assets and liabilities are generally translated at the balance sheet date while revenues and expenses are recorded at the date the transaction occurs or at an applicable average rate.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents include cash in banks and all non-restricted highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less at the time of purchase. Such equivalent investments included in cash and cash equivalents in the Consolidated Balance Sheets were $349.8 million at December 31, 2008 and $1,320.2 million at December 31, 2007. Cash equivalents are carried at cost plus accrued interest, which approximates fair value due to the short maturities of these investments. As of December 31, 2008, current and non-current restricted cash, which totaled $191.5 million, is not available for general use by us due to regulatory and other requirements. There was no restricted cash included in cash and cash equivalents as of December 31, 2007.
Financial Investments
We account for our financial investments in accordance with SFAS 115. Financial investments, at fair value on the Consolidated Balance Sheets, represent debt securities that are classified as trading. Debt securities are bought principally for regulatory purposes and are generally sold in the near term. Changes in fair value of trading investment securities are included in dividend and investment income, in the Consolidated Statements of Income. Long-term available-for-sale investment securities are carried at fair value in the Consolidated Balance Sheets in other assets with unrealized gains and losses, net of tax, reported as a separate component of stockholders equity. Our long-term available-for-sale securities at December 31, 2008 represent equity securities in other foreign stock exchanges. Realized gains and losses on these securities are included in earnings upon disposition of the securities using the specific identification method. In addition, realized losses are recognized when management determines that a decline in value is other-than-temporary, which requires judgment regarding the amount and timing of recovery. Indicators of other-than-temporary impairment for debt securities include issuer downgrade, default, or bankruptcy. For debt and equity securities we also consider the extent to which cost exceeds fair value, the duration of that difference and managements judgment about the issuers current and prospective financial condition, as well as our intent and ability to hold the security until recovery of the unrealized losses. For equity securities we also consider the performance of the investees stock price in relation to industry indexes and review the investees credit profile. In the fourth quarter of 2008, we recorded an other-than-temporary impairment loss on a long-term available-for-sale investment security of $34.9 million. This charge was included in asset impairment charges in the Consolidated Statements of Income. See Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income, of Note 14, Stockholders Equity, for further discussion. We did not record any other-than-temporary impairments in 2007 or 2006.
Fair value of both available-for-sale and trading investment securities are generally obtained from third party pricing sources. When available, quoted market prices are used to determine fair value. If quoted market prices are not available, fair values are estimated using pricing models, where the inputs to those models are based on observable market inputs. The inputs to the valuation models vary by the type of security being priced but are typically benchmark yields, reported trades, broker dealer quotes, and prices of similar assets. Pricing models generally do not entail material subjectivity because the methodologies employed use inputs observed from active markets. See Note 16, Fair Value of Financial Instruments, for further discussion of fair value measures.
Derivative Positions, at Fair Value
Through our clearing operations in the derivative markets with NASDAQ OMX Commodities and NASDAQ OMX Stockholm, we are the legal counterparty for each derivative position traded and thereby guarantee the fulfillment of each contract. The derivatives are not used by NASDAQ OMX Commodities or NASDAQ OMX Stockholm for the purpose of trading on their own behalf. As a legal counterparty of each transaction, NASDAQ OMX Commodities and NASDAQ OMX Stockholm bear the counterparty risk. As such, the market value of the derivative positions are reported gross in the Consolidated Balance Sheets after netting by customer where right of offset exists. The derivatives positions are recorded at fair value using an internal valuation model that uses key observable market data inputs. The structure and operations of NASDAQ OMX Commodities and NASDAQ OMX Stockholm differ from other clearinghouses. NASDAQ OMX Commodities and NASDAQ OMX Stockholm are not member owned organizations, do
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not maintain a guarantee fund to which members contribute and do not enforce loss sharing assessments amongst members. In addition, unlike other clearinghouses, they do not record any variation margin on the Consolidated Balance Sheet, as all risks and rewards of collateral ownership, including interest, belongs to the counterparty.
We have the responsibility for clearing, or settlement of payment, for the derivative and equity transactions. Certain timing differences may exist related to the periodic cash settlement of counterparty trades, between NASDAQ OMX Stockholm, United Kingdom broker services and other clearinghouses and customers, where we are acting as intermediary and guaranteeing the fulfillment of each contract. We have recorded receivables and payables associated with such timing differences in other current assets and accounts payable and accrued expenses, respectively, in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Nord Pool, a third party, is responsible for exchange operations and trading activities on all counterparty trades where NASDAQ OMX Commodities is acting as intermediary. There are no timing differences related to the settlement of these transactions as all trades occur through Nord Pool and not between other exchanges with different settlement requirements.
Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedging Activities
To the extent that we engage in any hedging activity, we account for our hedging activity in accordance with SFAS 133. At December 31, 2008, we held derivative financial instruments which were designated and qualified for hedge accounting. Derivative financial instruments which are designated or qualify for hedge accounting, are recognized in the balance sheets at fair value as either assets or liabilities. The fair value of our derivative financial instruments are determined using either market quotes or valuation models that are based upon the net present value of estimated future cash flows and incorporate current market data inputs. We report our derivative assets in other current assets and our derivative liabilities in accounts payable and accrued expenses in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Any ineffectiveness is recorded in earnings. The accounting for the change in the fair value of a derivative financial instrument depends on its intended use and the resulting hedge designation, if any. As of December 31, 2008, our derivative financial instruments which were designated and qualified for hedge accounting were cash flow hedges of our floating rate debt. As such, the accounting for the change in fair value of the derivative was included in accumulated other comprehensive income in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Any ineffectiveness would impact earnings through interest expense. There was no material ineffectiveness recorded in earnings for the year ended December 31, 2008. For further discussion of hedging activities, see below and Note 17, Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedging Activities.
Non-Designated Derivatives
We also use derivatives as economic hedges that are not designed as accounting hedges or do not qualify for hedge accounting treatment. For derivative financial instruments that do not qualify for hedge accounting or are not designated as hedges, changes in fair value are reported in current period earnings included in gain (loss) on foreign currency contracts in the Consolidated Statements of Income. As of December 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, we had open foreign currency contracts hedging currency risk in our receivables. See Note 17, Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedging Activities, for further discussion.
Derivative Financial Instruments that Qualify for Hedge Accounting
Derivative financial instruments that are entered into for hedging purposes are designated as such when we enter into the contract. For all derivative financial instruments that are designated for hedging activities, we formally document all of the hedging relationships between the hedge instruments and the hedged items at the inception of the relationships. We also formally document our risk management objectives and strategies for entering into the hedge transactions. We formally assess, at inception and on a quarterly basis, whether derivatives designated as hedges are highly effective in offsetting the fair value or cash flows of hedged items. If it is determined that a derivative is no longer highly effective as a hedge, we will discontinue the application of hedge accounting.
Receivables, net
Our receivables are concentrated with our member firms, market data distributors, listed companies and market technology customers. Receivables are shown net of reserves for uncollectible accounts. The reserve for bad debts is maintained at a level that management believes to be sufficient to absorb estimated losses in the accounts receivable portfolio. The reserve is increased by the provision for bad debts which is charged against operating results and decreased by the amount of charge-offs, net of recoveries. The amount charged against operating results is based on several factors including, but not limited to, a continuous assessment of the collectibility of each account, the length of time a receivable is past due and our historical experience with the particular customer. In circumstances where a specific customers inability to meet its financial obligations is known (i.e., bankruptcy filings), we record a specific provision for bad debts against amounts due to reduce the receivable to the amount we reasonably believe will be collected. Due to changing economic, business and market conditions, we review the reserve for bad debts monthly and make changes to the reserve through the provision for bad debts as appropriate. If circumstances change (i.e., higher than expected defaults or an unexpected material adverse change in a major customers ability to pay), our estimates of recoverability could be reduced by a material amount. Total reserves netted against receivables in the Consolidated Balance Sheets were $9.4 million at December 31, 2008 and $2.9 million at December 31, 2007.
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Property and Equipment, net
Property and equipment, including leasehold improvements, are carried at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization are generally recognized over the estimated useful lives of the related assets. Estimated useful lives generally range from 10 to 40 years for buildings and improvements, two to five years for data processing equipment and software and five to 10 years for furniture and equipment. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of their estimated useful lives or the remaining term of the related lease. Depreciation and amortization are computed by the straight-line method. See Note 6, Property and Equipment, net, for further discussion.
Goodwill
Goodwill represents the excess of purchase price and related costs over the value assigned to the net tangible and identifiable intangible assets of a business acquired. Goodwill is allocated to the reporting units based on the assignment of the fair values of each reporting unit of the acquired company. In connection with SFAS 142, we are required to test goodwill for impairment at the reporting unit level annually, or in interim periods if certain events occur indicating that the carrying value may be impaired. We have elected to make the first day of the fourth quarter the annual impairment assessment date for all goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets. If the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying value, an impairment loss is recorded to the extent that the fair value of the goodwill is less than the carrying value. The determination of fair value includes considerations of projected cash flows, relevant trading multiples of comparable companies and the trading price of our common stock and other factors. There was no impairment of goodwill for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006. Although there is no impairment as of December 31, 2008, events such as continued economic weakness and unexpected significant declines in operating results of reporting units, may result in our having to perform a goodwill impairment test for some or all of our reporting units prior to the required annual assessment. These types of events and the resulting analysis could result in goodwill impairment charges in the future.
Intangible Assets, net
Intangible assets, net, primarily include exchange and clearing registrations, customer relationships, trade names, licenses and technology. Intangible assets with finite-lives are amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated average useful lives as follows:
| Technology: 1.510 years |
| Customer relationships: 1130 years |
| Other: 110 years |
In connection with SFAS 142, intangible assets deemed to have indefinite useful lives are not amortized and are subject to annual impairment tests. Impairment exists if the carrying value of the indefinite-lived intangible asset exceeds its fair value. For finite-lived intangible assets subject to amortization, impairment is considered upon certain triggering events and is recognized if the carrying amount is not recoverable and the carrying amount exceeds the fair value of the intangible asset, in accordance with SFAS 144. In the third quarter of 2008, we recorded an impairment loss of finite-lived intangible assets of $7.3 million primarily related to our insurance agency business. For further discussion of this impairment loss of finite-lived intangible assets, see Valuation of Long-Lived Assets below. There was no impairment of indefinite-lived intangible assets in the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006.
Valuation of Long-Lived Assets
In accordance with SFAS 144, we assess potential impairments to our long-lived assets, including finite-lived intangible assets and property and equipment, when there is evidence that events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recovered. An impairment loss is recognized when the carrying amount of the long-lived asset is not recoverable and exceeds its fair value. The carrying amount of a long-lived asset is not recoverable if it exceeds the sum of the undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use and eventual disposition of the asset. Any required impairment loss is measured as the amount by which the carrying amount of a long-lived asset exceeds its fair value and is recorded as a reduction in the carrying value of the related asset and a charge to operating results. In the third quarter of 2008, we recorded an impairment loss of finite-lived intangible assets of $7.3 million primarily related to our insurance agency business, which is part of Corporate Services within our Issuer Services segment. This charge was included in asset impairment charges in the Consolidated Statements of Income. See Note 4, Goodwill and Purchased Intangible Assets, for further discussion. In 2006, we recorded write-downs for property and equipment of $5.9 million related to the sale of a building and related assets located in Trumbull, Connecticut. The carrying value of the building and related assets were adjusted to their fair market value less costs to sell, which were determined based on quoted market prices from independent third parties. This charge was also included in asset impairment charges in the Consolidated Statements of Income in 2006. No other impairments of long-lived assets were recorded in 2008, 2007 or 2006.
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Equity Method Investments
We have certain investments in which we have determined that we have significant influence and as such account for the investments under the equity method of accounting in accordance with APB 18. As such, we record our pro-rata share in earnings each period and record any dividends as a reduction in the investment balance. In addition, upon certain triggering events, we analyze these investments for other-than-temporary declines in value pursuant to APB 18. In certain cases, if there are readily determinable fair values, we utilize an impairment model similar to that required for available-for-sale investment securities. As of December 31, 2008, we have not recognized other-than-temporary declines in value on these investments.
Revenue Recognition and Cost of Revenues
Market Services Revenues
Transaction Services
U.S. Cash Equity Trading
U.S. cash equity trading revenues are variable, based on service volumes, and recognized as transactions occur. We charge transaction fees for executing cash equity trades in NASDAQ- and other listed securities on The NASDAQ Stock Market as well as on orders that are routed to other market venues for execution.
We closed the acquisition of BSX in August 2008. We used the BSX Exchange license to create a second U.S. cash equities market, called NASDAQ OMX BX, which was launched in January 2009. With NASDAQ OMX BX, we offer a second quote within the U.S. equities marketplace, providing our customers enhanced trading choices and price flexibility.
In the U.S., pursuant to EITF 99-19, we record execution revenues from transactions on a gross basis in revenues and record related expenses as cost of revenues. Nasdaq Execution Services, which is registered with the SEC as a broker-dealer, operates as The NASDAQ Stock Markets routing broker-dealer for sending orders to other venues for execution in accordance with member order instructions and requirements. Nasdaq Execution Services, which is registered with the SEC as a broker-dealer, also clears all trading activity directly with the NSCC, either as a Qualified Special Representative, or QSR, or under an Automated Give Up, or AGU, agreement, through Automated Confirmation Trades system, or ACT, except for institutional trades and Designated Order Turnaround, or DOT, processed listed securities. The QSR relationship is an agreement between Nasdaq Execution Services, the clearing broker and a contra-clearing broker whereby the contra-clearing broker agrees to honor all trades sent directly to the NSCC by Nasdaq Execution Services. In the AGU relationship, Nasdaq Execution Services will send the trade to ACT initially and then ACT will send the trade to the NSCC for clearing. Nasdaq Execution Services, as a broker-dealer, can also receive non-electronic executions from markets that experienced technical issues hindering the receipt of electronic executions on trade date. These executions not received electronically on trade date (T) could be received in clearing on T+1 where Nasdaq Execution Services could potentially need to trade out of these executions on a principal capacity basis.
Under our Limitation of Liability Rule and procedures, we, subject to certain caps, provide compensation for losses directly resulting from the systems actual failure to correctly process an order, Quote/Order, message or other data into our platform. We do not record a liability for any potential claims that may be submitted under the Limitation of Liability Rule unless they meet the provisions of SFAS No. 5, Accounting for Contingencies, or SFAS 5. As such, losses arising as a result of the rule are accrued and charged to expense only if the loss is probable and estimable. The Limitation of Liability Rule and procedures applies to both U.S. cash equity and U.S. derivative trading in the aggregate. See discussion of U.S. derivative trading below.
We credit a portion of the per share execution charge to the market participant that provides the liquidity and record the liquidity rebate as a cost of revenues in the Consolidated Statements of Income. These liquidity rebates are paid on a monthly basis and the amounts due are included in accounts payable and accrued expenses in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The liquidity rebates payable amounts were $48.5 million at December 31, 2008 and $24.8 million at December 31, 2007.
Also, we pay Section 31 fees to the SEC for supervision and regulation of securities markets. We pass these costs along to our customers through our cash equity trading fees. We collect the fees as a pass-through charge from organizations executing eligible trades on The NASDAQ Stock Market platform and we recognize these amounts in cost of revenues when incurred. Section 31 fees received are included in cash and cash equivalents in the Consolidated Balance Sheets, at the time of receipt and, as required by law, the amount due to the SEC is remitted semiannually and recorded as Section 31 fees payable to the SEC in the Consolidated Balance Sheets until paid. Since the amount recorded in revenues is equal to the amount recorded in cost of revenues, there is no impact on our revenues less liquidity rebates, brokerage, clearance and exchange fees. As we hold the cash received until payment to the SEC, we earn interest income on the related cash balances.
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European Cash Equity Trading
We charge transaction fees for executing trades on the exchanges that comprise NASDAQ OMX Nordic and NASDAQ OMX Baltic, as well as on NASDAQ OMX Europe. The transaction fee for executing trades on the exchanges that comprise NASDAQ OMX Nordic and NASDAQ OMX Baltic is charged per executed order and as per value traded. European cash equity trading revenues on NASDAQ OMX Europe are variable, based on service volumes, and recognized as transactions occur.
The exchanges that comprise NASDAQ OMX Nordic and NASDAQ OMX Baltic do not have any revenue sharing agreements or cost of revenues, such as liquidity rebates and brokerage, clearance and exchange fees.
U.S. Derivative Trading
U.S. derivative trading revenues are variable, based on service volumes, and recognized as transactions occur. The principal types of derivative contracts traded on NASDAQ OMX PHLX and The NASDAQ Options Market are equity options, index options and currency options. In the U.S., we also operate NFX, which offers trading for currency futures and other financial futures. In the U.S., for The NASDAQ Options Market, in accordance with EITF 99-19, we record derivative trading revenues from transactions on a gross basis in revenues and record related expenses as cost of revenues, as we have certain risk associated with trade execution. Since NASDAQ OMX PHLX and NFX do not act as principal to the transactions executed on these platforms, we are not exposed to clearance and settlement risk, and therefore EITF 99-19 is not applicable.
System trades in derivative contracts executed in the opening and closing cross and trades routed to other market centers are cleared by NASDAQ Options Services, which is registered with the SEC as a broker-dealer, as a member of the OCC. Pursuant to the rules of the OCC and NASDAQ Options Services clearing agreement, we act as principal to the transactions executed on our platform, which exposes NASDAQ Options Services to clearance and settlement risk. NASDAQ Options Services, as a broker-dealer, can also receive non-electronic executions from markets that experienced technical issues hindering the receipt of electronic executions on trade date. For executions not received electronically on trade date (T), NASDAQ Options Services could receive notification that the trade occurred and would clear on T+1. NASDAQ Options Services could potentially need to trade out of these executions on a principal capacity basis. As discussed above, in the U.S., under our Limitation of Liability Rule and procedures, we, subject to certain caps, provide compensation for losses directly resulting from the systems actual failure to correctly process an order, Quote/Order, message or other data into our platform.
European Derivative Trading
European derivative trading revenues are also variable, are based on service volumes and are recognized as transactions occur. Derivative trading is conducted on NASDAQ OMX Stockholm and NASDAQ OMX Copenhagen. The principal types of derivative contracts traded are stock options and futures, index options and futures, fixed-income options and futures and stock loans. On NASDAQ OMX Stockholm, we offer clearing services for fixed-income options and futures, stock options and futures and index options and futures by serving as the central counterparty. In doing so, we guarantee the completion of the transaction and market participants can thereby limit their counterparty risk. The fee for executing derivative trading on NASDAQ OMX Stockholm is an integrated fee for both trading and clearing service.
European derivative trading revenues also include commodities clearing revenues. NASDAQ OMX Commodities, together with third party partner Nord Pool, provides access to the worlds largest power derivatives markets and one of Europes largest carbon markets. NASDAQ OMX Commodities offers trading of international power derivatives and carbon products, operates a clearing business and offers consulting services to commodities markets globally. Nord Pool is responsible for exchange operations and trading activities, including ownership of the Nordic derivatives products. Clearing revenues from Nord Pool trading transactions are variable, are based on service volumes and are recognized as transactions occur. We also have clearing revenues for contracts traded on the OTC market which are recognized when contracts are registered for clearing. In addition, European derivatives revenues include annual renewal fees. Each January, NASDAQ OMX Commodities members are billed an annual fee which is recognized ratably over the following 12-month period.
NASDAQ OMX Commodities and the exchanges that comprise NASDAQ OMX Nordic and NASDAQ OMX Baltic do not have any revenue sharing agreements or cost of revenues, such as liquidity rebates and brokerage, clearance and exchange fees.
Access Services
We generate revenues by providing market participants with several alternatives for accessing our markets for a fee. The type of connectivity is determined by the level of functionality a customer needs. As a result, Access Services revenues vary depending on the type of connection provided to customers. We also earn revenues from annual and monthly exchange membership and registration fees. Revenues for providing access to our markets and revenues for monthly exchange membership and registration fees are recognized on a monthly basis as the service is provided. Revenues from annual fees for exchange membership and registration fees are recognized ratably over the following 12-month period.
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Market Data
We earn Market Data revenues from U.S. tape plans and U.S. and European market data products.
Net U.S. Tape Plans
Revenues from U.S. tape plans include eligible UTP Plan revenues which are shared among UTP Plan participants. Under the revenue sharing provision of the UTP Plan, we are permitted to deduct costs associated with acting as the exclusive Securities Information Processor from the total amount of tape fees collected. After these costs are deducted from the tape fees, we distribute to the respective UTP Plan participants, including The NASDAQ Stock Market, their share of tape fees based on a formula, required by Regulation NMS that takes into account both trading and quoting activity. In addition, all quotes and trades in NYSE- and NYSE Alternext-listed securities are reported and disseminated in real time, and as such, we share in the tape fees for information on NYSE- and NYSE Alternext-listed securities. Revenues from net U.S. tape plans are recognized on a monthly basis.
U.S. Market Data Products
We collect and process information and earn revenues as a distributor of our market data. We provide varying levels of quote and trade information to market participants and to data distributors, who in turn sell subscriptions for this information to the public. We earn revenues primarily based on the number of data subscribers and distributors of our data. U.S. Market Data revenues are recognized on a monthly basis. These revenues, which are subscription based, are recorded net of amounts due under revenue sharing arrangements with market participants.
European Market Data Products
European Market Data revenues, which are subscription based, are generated primarily through the sale and distribution of trading information based on data generated through trading on the exchanges that comprise NASDAQ OMX Nordic and NASDAQ OMX Baltic and are recognized on a monthly basis.
Market Data Revenue Sharing
The most significant component of Market Data revenues presented on a net basis in accordance with EITF 99-19 is the UTP Plan revenue sharing in the U.S. All indicators of gross vs. net reporting pursuant to EITF 99-19 have been considered in analyzing the appropriate presentation of UTP Plan revenue sharing. However, the following are the primary indicators of net reporting:
| Primary Obligor: We are the Securities Information Processor for the UTP Plan, in addition to being a participant in the UTP Plan. In our unique role as Securities Information Processor, we facilitate the collection and dissemination of revenues on behalf of the UTP Plan participants. As a participant, we share in the net distribution of revenues according to the plan on the same terms as all other plan participants. |
| Risk of Loss/Credit Risk: Risk of loss on the revenue is shared equally among plan participants according to the UTP Plan. |
| Price Latitude: The operating committee of the UTP Plan which is comprised of representatives from each of the participants, including us solely in our capacity as a UTP Plan participant, is responsible for setting the level of fees to be paid by distributors, subscribers and taking action in accordance with the provisions of the UTP Plan, subject to SEC approval. |
The exchanges that comprise NASDAQ OMX Nordic and NASDAQ OMX Baltic do not have any market data revenue sharing agreements or cost of revenues, such as liquidity rebates and brokerage, clearance and exchange fees.
Broker Services
Our Broker Services operations offer technology and customized securities administration solutions to financial participants in the Nordic market and in the United Kingdom. The primary services include flexible back-office systems. Our services allow customers to entirely or partly outsource their companys back-office functions. Revenues from broker services are based on a fixed basic fee for administration or licensing, maintenance and operations, and a variable portion that depends on the number of transactions completed. Broker Services revenues are recognized on a continuous basis as services are rendered.
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Issuer Services Revenues
Global Listing Services
U.S. Listing Services
Listing Services revenues in the U.S. include annual renewal fees, listing of additional shares fees and initial listing fees. Annual renewal fees are recognized ratably over the following 12-month period. Listing of additional shares fees and initial listing fees are recognized on a straight-line basis over estimated service periods, which are four and six years, respectively, based on our historical listing experience, pursuant to the requirements of SAB Topic 13.
European Listing Services
European listing fees, which are comprised of issuers revenues derived from annual fees received from listed companies on the exchanges that comprise NASDAQ OMX Nordic and NASDAQ OMX Baltic, are directly related to the listed companies market capitalization. These revenues are recognized ratably over the following 12-month period.
Corporate Services
Global Listing Services revenues also include fees from Corporate Services. These fees include commission income from Carpenter Moores insurance agency business, subscription income from Shareholder.com and Directors Desk, and fees from GlobeNewswire, formerly PrimeNewswire. For our insurance agency business, commission income is recognized when coverage becomes effective, the premium due under the policy is known or can be reasonably estimated, and substantially all required services related to placing the insurance have been provided. Fee income for services other than placement of insurance coverage is recognized as those services are provided. Broker commission adjustments and commissions on premiums billed directly by underwriters are recognized when such amounts can be reasonably estimated. Shareholder.com revenues are based on subscription agreements with customers. Revenues from subscription agreements are recognized ratably over the contract period, generally one year in length. As part of subscription services, customers are also charged usage fees based upon actual usage of the services provided. Revenues from usage fees and other services are recognized when earned. Directors Desk revenues are based on subscriptions for online services for directors. Subscriptions are one year in length and revenues are recognized ratably over the year. GlobeNewswire generates fees primarily from wire distribution services, and revenues are recognized as services are provided.
Global Index Group
Global Index Group revenues include license fees for our trademark licenses related to financial products linked to our indexes issued in the U.S. and abroad. We also generate revenues by licensing and listing third-party structured products and third-party sponsored ETFs. We primarily have two types of license agreements: transaction-based licenses and asset-based licenses. Transaction-based licenses are generally renewable long-term agreements. Customers are charged based on transaction volume or a minimum contract amount, or both. If a customer is charged based on transaction volume, we recognize revenue when the transaction occurs. If a customer is charged based on a minimum contract amount, we recognize revenue on a pro-rata basis over the licensing term. Asset-based licenses are also generally long-term agreements. Customers are charged based on a percentage of assets under management for licensed products, per the agreement, on a monthly or quarterly basis. These revenues are recorded on a monthly or quarterly basis over the term of the license agreement.
Market Technology Revenues
The Market Technology segment delivers technology and services to marketplaces throughout the world. Market Technology provides technology solutions for trading, clearing and settlement, and information dissemination, and also offers facility management integration and advisory services. Revenues are derived from three primary sources: licensing, support and project revenues, facility management services revenues and other revenues. Revenues related to Market Technology are accounted for in accordance with SOP 97-2, and SOP 81-1, depending upon the terms of the Market Technology contracts.
We may customize our software technology and make significant modifications to the software to meet the needs of our customers. As such, we account for these Market Technology contracts pursuant to the provisions of SOP 81-1. Under contract accounting, total revenues and costs incurred for a customer under a customer contract are deferred and recognized over the final element, generally the post contract support period. We have included the deferral of this revenue in other liabilities and the deferral of costs in other assets in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
We enter into sales arrangements with customers for software programs, support and other post-contract services. SOP 97-2 sets out precise requirements for establishing VSOE for valuing elements of certain multiple-element arrangements. When VSOE for individual elements of an arrangement cannot be established in accordance with SOP 97-2, revenue is generally deferred and recognized over the term of the final element. We do not have VSOE for certain elements of certain multiple-element arrangements with customers. Therefore, as stated above, for contracts which are accounted for under contract accounting, total revenues and costs incurred for a customer under a customer contract are deferred and recognized over the post contract support period after the significant modifications have been completed.
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License, support and project revenues are derived from the system solutions developed and sold by NASDAQ OMX. After we have developed and sold a system solution, the customer licenses the right to use the software. Each project involves individual adaptations to the specific requirements of the customer, for instance, relating to functionality and capacity. When NASDAQ OMX provides a system solution, it undertakes to upgrade, develop and maintain the system and receives regular support revenues for this work which is recognized over the contract period. Under contract accounting, where customization and significant modifications to the software are made to meet the needs of our customers, total revenues as well as costs incurred are deferred until the customization and significant modifications are complete and are then recognized over the support period.
Facility management services revenues are derived when NASDAQ OMX assumes responsibility for the continuous operation of a system platform for a customer and receives facility management services revenues which can be both fixed and volume-based. Facility management services revenues are recognized as services are rendered over the contract period after delivery has occurred.
Other revenues include amortization of the deferred revenue related to our contribution of technology licenses to NASDAQ Dubai. See Equity Investment in NASDAQ Dubai, of Note 3, Business Combinations, for further discussion of our transaction with NASDAQ Dubai. In addition, other revenues include advisory services that are recognized in revenue when earned.
Earnings Per Share
We compute earnings per share, or EPS, in accordance with SFAS No. 128, Earnings per Share, or SFAS 128. Basic EPS is computed by dividing net income applicable to common shareholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted EPS reflects the assumed conversion of all dilutive securities which consist primarily of convertible notes and employee stock options and awards. See Note 15, Earnings Per Common Share, for further discussion.
Share-Based Compensation
We account for share-based compensation in accordance with SFAS 123(R), which requires the measurement and recognition of compensation expense for all share-based payment awards made to employees including employee stock options, restricted stock, PSUs, and discounted purchases under our employee stock purchase plan, based on estimated fair values. We recognize compensation expense for share-based awards on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of the award. See Note 12, Share-Based Compensation, for further discussion.
Deferred Revenue
Deferred revenue represents revenues for services not yet rendered, primarily for Global Listing Services and Market Technology. See Note 8, Deferred Revenue, for further discussion.
Advertising Costs
We expense advertising costs, which include media advertising and production costs, in the periods in which the costs are incurred. Media advertising and production costs included as marketing and advertising expense in the Consolidated Statements of Income totaled $6.6 million in 2008 and $11.9 million for both 2007 and 2006.
Software Costs
Significant purchased application software and operational software that are an integral part of computer hardware are capitalized and amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives, generally two to five years. All other purchased software is charged to expense as incurred. We develop systems solutions for both internal and external use.
The provisions of SOP 98-1 require certain costs incurred in connection with developing or obtaining internal use software to be capitalized. Unamortized capitalized software development costs are included in data processing equipment and software, within property and equipment, net in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Amortization of costs capitalized under SOP 98-1 is included in depreciation and amortization expense in the Consolidated Statements of Income.
The provisions of SFAS 86, which apply to our Market Technology segment, specify the accounting for the costs of computer software to be sold, leased, or otherwise marketed as a separate product or as part of a product or process. In accordance with SFAS 86, software development expenses are capitalized after the product has reached technological feasibility. Technological feasibility is established upon completion of a detail program design or, in its absence, completion. Thereafter, all software production costs shall be capitalized. Prior to reaching technological feasibility, all costs are charged to expense. Capitalized costs are amortized on a straight-line basis over the remaining estimated economic life of the product and are included in depreciation and amortization expense in the Consolidated Statements of Income.
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Leases
We account for our leases in accordance with SFAS No. 13, Accounting for Leases. We expense rent from non-cancellable operating leases, net of sublease income, in the periods in which the costs are incurred. The net costs are included in occupancy expense in the Consolidated Statements of Income. See Note 18, Leases, for further discussion.
Income Taxes
We use the asset and liability method required by SFAS 109 to provide income taxes on all transactions recorded in the consolidated financial statements. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on differences between the financial statement carrying amounts and the tax basis of existing assets and liabilities (i.e., temporary differences) and are measured at the enacted rates that will be in effect when these differences are realized. If necessary, a valuation allowance is established to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount that is more likely than not to be realized.
We recognize and measure our unrecognized tax benefits in accordance with FIN 48. FIN 48 requires management to determine whether a tax position is more likely than not to be sustained upon examination, including resolution of any related appeals or litigation processes, based on the technical merits of the position. Once it is determined that a position meets the recognition thresholds, the position is measured to determine the amount of benefit to be recognized in the consolidated financial statements. Interest and/or penalties related to income tax matters are recognized in income tax expense. See Note 10, Income Taxes, for further discussion.
Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements
SFAS No. 157As of January 1, 2008, we adopted on a prospective basis certain required provisions of SFAS 157 as amended by FSP 157-2. Those provisions relate to our financial assets and liabilities carried at fair value and our fair value disclosures related to financial assets and liabilities. SFAS 157 defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. As such, our financial assets and financial liabilities recorded at fair value have been categorized based upon a fair value hierarchy in accordance with SFAS 157. See Note 16, Fair Value of Financial Instruments, for further discussion. The adoption of SFAS 157 did not have a significant impact on our consolidated financial statements. We did not elect to adopt SFAS 157 for acquired non-financial assets and assumed non-financial liabilities.
SFAS No. 159In February 2007, the FASB issued SFAS 159. SFAS 159 allows entities to voluntarily choose, at specified election dates, to measure many financial assets and financial liabilities at fair value (the fair value option). SFAS 159 is expected to expand the use of fair value accounting but does not affect existing standards which require certain assets or liabilities to be carried at fair value. SFAS 159 provides an option for most financial assets and liabilities to be reported at fair value on an instrument-by-instrument basis with changes in fair value reported in earnings. After the initial adoption, the election is made at the acquisition of a financial asset, financial liability, or a firm commitment and it may not be revoked. SFAS 159 provides an opportunity to mitigate volatility in reported earnings that was caused by measuring hedged assets and liabilities that were previously required to use an accounting method other than fair value, while the related economic hedges were reported at fair value. SFAS 159 was effective for us on January 1, 2008. We have considered the fair value option and decided to not elect the option upon adoption. We will continue to consider the fair value option upon acquiring assets and liabilities that would fall under this option and may elect it in future periods.
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
SFAS No. 141(R) and SFAS 160In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 141(R)(revised 2007), Business Combinations, or SFAS 141(R), which revised SFAS No. 141, Business Combinations, or SFAS 141, and FASB Statement No. 160, Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Financial Statements, an amendment of ARB No. 51, or SFAS 160. These FASBs are effective for us on a prospective basis on January 1, 2009.
SFAS 141(R) will significantly change how business acquisitions are accounted for and will impact financial statements both on the acquisition date and in subsequent periods. SFAS 141(R) will require:
| More assets acquired and liabilities assumed to be measured at fair value as of the acquisition date; |
| Liabilities related to contingent consideration to be remeasured at fair value in each subsequent reporting period; and |
| An acquirer to expense acquisition-related costs (e.g., deal fees for attorneys, accountants, investment bankers). |
On January 1, 2009, we adopted SFAS 160 which changed the accounting and reporting for minority interests, which are now characterized as noncontrolling interests and classified as a component of equity. This guidance required retroactive adoption of the presentation and disclosure requirements for existing noncontrolling interests. All other requirements under the new guidance have been applied prospectively. Noncontrolling interests were $17 million as of December 31, 2008 and $0 million as of December 31, 2007.
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SFAS No. 161In March 2008, the FASB issued SFAS 161. SFAS 161 expands the disclosure requirements for derivative instruments and hedging activities and specifically requires entities to provide enhanced disclosures concerning:
| How and why an entity uses derivative instruments; |
| How derivative instruments and related hedged items are accounted for under SFAS 133; and |
| How derivative instruments and related hedged items affect an entitys financial position, financial performance and cash flows. |
SFAS 161 also requires disclosure of the fair values of derivative instruments and their gains and losses in a tabular format. SFAS 161 is effective for us on January 1, 2009.
FASB Staff Position APB No. 14-1 - On January 1, 2009, we adopted FSP APB 14-1 Debt: Debt with Conversion and Other Options, which is applicable to our 2.50% convertible senior notes due 2013. This guidance requires us to separately account for the liability and equity components of a convertible debt instrument in a manner that reflects our nonconvertible debt borrowing rate when interest cost is recognized in subsequent periods. The guidance also requires bifurcation of a component of the debt, classification of that component in equity and then accretion of the resulting discount on the debt as part of interest expense being reflected in the income statement.
We have adjusted all periods presented to reflect the reclassification of a portion of the carrying value of the 2.50% convertible senior notes from debt to equity and the accretion of the debt discount as part of interest expense. The incremental effect of adopting the provisions under this guidance on our Consolidated Statements of Income was additional interest expense of $10.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2008. The resulting tax benefit was $4.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2008. The incremental effects of adopting the provisions under this guidance on our Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2008 are presented in the following table (in millions).
Before Adoption of FSP APB 14-1 |
Effect of Adopting FSP APB 14-1 |
After Adoption of FSP APB 14-1 | ||||||||
Deferred tax liabilities |
$ | 14 | $ | 5 | $ | 19 | ||||
Non-current deferred tax liabilities |
672 | 24 | 696 | |||||||
Total debt obligations |
2,598 | (74 | )(1) | 2,524 | ||||||
Total liabilities |
8,494 | (45 | ) | 8,449 | ||||||
Additional paid-in capital |
3,518 | 51 | (2) | 3,569 | ||||||
Retained earnings |
1,350 | (6 | ) | 1,344 | ||||||
Total NASDAQ OMX stockholders equity |
4,241 | 45 | 4,286 |
(1) | As of December 31, 2008, the unamortized debt discount on the 2.50% convertible senior notes included in debt obligations in the Consolidated Balance Sheets was $74 million. This amount will be accreted as part of interest expense through the maturity date of the convertible debt of August 15, 2013. |
(2) | As of December 31, 2008, the equity component of the 2.50% convertible senior notes included in additional paid-in capital in the Consolidated Balance Sheets was $51 million. This amount is calculated as follows: $85 million of excess principal of the 2.50% convertible senior notes over the carrying amount less $34 million of deferred taxes. The deferred tax liability is determined by multiplying the $85 million of excess principal of the 2.50% convertible senior notes over the carrying amount by the U.S. marginal tax rate of 39.55%. |
See Note 9, Debt Obligations, for further discussion of our 2.50% convertible senior notes.
3. Business Combinations
We completed the following significant acquisitions in 2008:
| Business Combination with OMX AB, February 27, 2008Our business combination with OMX AB created a premier global exchange company and exchange technology provider. The combination of Nasdaqs global brand and technology leadership and OMX ABs global technology expertise further enhanced our competitive position in our industry. We completed our business combination with OMX AB for $4.4 billion through a stock and cash transaction. |
| Acquisition of PHLX, July 24, 2008We acquired PHLX, the third largest options market in the U.S., to significantly diversify our product portfolio by providing us with a premier options trading platform in the U.S. The PHLX options market is also complementary to our other options trading platform, The NASDAQ Options Market, which was launched in March 2008. |
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| Acquisition of certain businesses of Nord Pool, October 21, 2008We acquired Nord Pools clearing, international derivatives and consulting businesses. As a result of the acquisition, we launched NASDAQ OMX Commodities which offers energy and carbon derivatives products. NASDAQ OMX Commodities, together with third party partner Nord Pool, provides access to the worlds largest power derivatives markets and one of Europes largest carbon markets. |
Each of these significant acquisitions is discussed in more detail below.
In addition, we completed the following acquisitions and strategic initiative in 2008, 2007 and 2006:
2008
| Acquisition of BSX, August 29, 2008The acquisition of BSX provided us with an additional license for trading both equities and options and a clearing license. We used the BSX license to create a second U.S. cash equities market, called NASDAQ OMX BX, which was launched in January 2009. With NASDAQ OMX BX, we offer a second quote within the U.S. equities marketplace, providing our customers enhanced trading choices and price flexibility. We have been able to leverage our INET trading system, which runs The NASDAQ Stock Market, to operate NASDAQ OMX BX, providing customers an additional fast and efficient cash equities market. |
| Acquisition of IDCG, December 19, 2008We purchased an 81% stake in IDCG and IDCG became an independently operated subsidiary of NASDAQ OMX. IDCG has been granted approval from the CFTC to clear OTC interest rate swap futures contracts and other fixed-income derivatives contracts. In December 2008, IDCG began providing CCP clearing for interest rate swap products through its clearinghouse subsidiary, International Derivatives Clearinghouse, LLC. NFX is serving as the designated contract market for trading of these interest rate swap products. |
2007
| Acquisition of Directors Desk, July 2, 2007We acquired Directors Desk, LLC, a firm which provides technology to boards of public and private companies in the U.S. and abroad. Directors Desk is part of our Corporate Services. |
2006
| Acquisition of Shareholder.com, February 1, 2006We acquired Shareholder.com, a privately held shareholder communications and investor relations intelligence service, enabling us to offer these services as part of our Corporate Services. |
| Acquisition of GlobeNewswire, September 1, 2006We acquired GlobeNewswire, a privately held press release newswire services firm, enabling us to offer information distribution and multimedia services as part of our Corporate Services. |
Further detail on these acquisitions and strategic initiative is summarized in tables below.
The results of operations of each acquisition and strategic initiative are included in our Consolidated Statements of Income from the dates of each acquisition and strategic initiative.
Business Combination with OMX AB
On February 27, 2008, Nasdaq and OMX AB combined their businesses. The business combination was completed pursuant to the terms of an agreement with Borse Dubai Limited, a Dubai company, dated November 15, 2007. Pursuant to that agreement, Borse Dubai conducted an offer to acquire all of the outstanding shares of OMX AB and subsequently, on February 27, 2008, sold the OMX AB shares acquired in the offer or otherwise owned by Borse Dubai or its subsidiaries to Nasdaq. Nasdaq acquired 117,227,931 shares of OMX AB, representing 97.0% of the share capital of OMX AB, for SEK 11,678,630,352 ($1.9 billion) in cash and 60,561,515 shares of Nasdaq common stock issued to Borse Dubai and a trust, or the Trust, for Borse Dubais economic benefit. Subsequently, Borse Dubai acquired an additional 2,013,350 shares of OMX AB and, on March 17, 2008, sold those shares to Nasdaq in exchange for SEK 533,537,750 ($0.1 billion) in cash, as a result of which we owned 98.8% of OMX ABs outstanding shares. See below for discussion of the acquisition of the remaining 1.2% of OMX ABs shares held by OMX AB shareholders. The cash component of the purchase price for OMX AB was financed through cash on hand, our Credit Facilities and the issuance of 2.50% convertible senior notes. See Note 9, Debt Obligations, for further discussion.
At the closing of the transaction, Borse Dubai was issued shares of Nasdaq common stock representing 19.99% of our fully diluted outstanding share capital (approximately 42.9 million shares), and the balance (approximately 17.7 million shares) were issued to the Trust to be held for Borse Dubais economic benefit until disposed of by the Trust.
In August 2008, through compulsory acquisition procedures, NASDAQ OMX received advanced title for the remaining 1.2% of OMX AB shares held by OMX AB shareholders for an aggregate consideration of SEK 370.8 million ($61.7 million). As a result of the compulsory acquisition procedures, OMX AB is now wholly-owned by NASDAQ OMX.
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Concurrently with the business combination with OMX AB, on February 27, 2008, Nasdaq also acquired 33 1/3% of the equity of DIFX in exchange for a contribution of $50 million in cash to DIFX and the entry into certain technology and trademark licensing agreements. In the fourth quarter of 2008, DIFX was renamed NASDAQ Dubai. We also are responsible, under an agreement with Borse Dubai and NASDAQ Dubai, for 50% of any additional capital contribution calls made by NASDAQ Dubai, subject to a maximum aggregate additional commitment by us of $25 million. We account for our investment in NASDAQ Dubai under the equity method of accounting in accordance with APB 18.
The business combination of Nasdaq and OMX AB and the acquisition of the equity interest in NASDAQ Dubai are collectively referred to as the Transactions.
The financial results of OMX are included in the consolidated results of NASDAQ OMX beginning on February 27, 2008.
Purchase Price
The following is a summary of the purchase price in the OMX AB business combination (in millions):
Equity component |
$ | 2,266.8 | (a) | |
Cash component for shares rendered |
1,967.8 | (b) | ||
Cash component for remaining 1.2% of OMX AB shares |
61.7 | (c) | ||
Acquisition costs |
63.8 | (d) | ||
Acquisition-related transaction costs |
11.0 | (e) | ||
Total purchase consideration |
$ | 4,371.1 | ||
(a) | Based on the closing price of Nasdaq common stock ($37.43) on September 26, 2007, which was the date of the original purchase agreement with Borse Dubai, multiplied by 60,561,515 shares of Nasdaq common stock. We recorded $0.6 million to common stock, which represents our $0.01 par value and the remaining $2,266.2 million was recorded to additional paid in capital in the Consolidated Balance Sheets in the first quarter of 2008. |
(b) | Based on the cash consideration of SEK 11,678,630,352 paid on February 27, 2008 divided by the SEK/USD exchange rate of 6.2140 on February 26, 2008 for the initial share purchase and SEK 533,537,750 paid on March 17, 2008 divided by the SEK/USD exchange rate of 6.0343 on March 14, 2008 for the OMX AB shares acquired in the extended offer period. Sources of the cash component are as follows: |
(i) Issuance of 2.50% convertible senior notes due August 15, 2013 for proceeds of $475.0 million;
(ii) Draw down of debt of $1,050.0 million under a five-year $2,000.0 million senior secured term loan facility; and
(iii) The use of $442.8 million of cash on hand.
See Note 9, Debt Obligations, for further discussion on the issuance of the 2.50% convertible senior notes and the draw down on the senior secured term loan facility.
(c) | In August 2008, through compulsory acquisition procedures, NASDAQ OMX received advanced title for the remaining 1.2% of OMX AB shares held by OMX AB shareholders for an aggregate consideration of SEK 370.8 million ($61.7 million). |
(d) | Managements direct costs of the acquisition, which include legal and advisory fees incurred by Nasdaq and OMX AB. Nasdaq and OMX AB have signed an agreement by which Nasdaq reimbursed OMX AB for direct costs of the business combination. These costs were funded with cash on hand. |
(e) | Under OMX ABs Share Match Programs, OMX AB made grants of matching share awards under the Share Match Program for 2006 in April 2006 and had planned to make similar grants under the Share Match Program for 2007. However, as a result of Nasdaqs offer to acquire OMX AB, OMX AB postponed making such grants. OMX AB had not granted stock options to employees since 2002. Under the Nasdaq OMX transaction agreement, dated as of May 25, 2007, between Nasdaq and OMX AB, as modified by the supplement dated September 20, 2007 and a clarifying letter dated January 2, 2008, referred to as the Nasdaq OMX Transaction Agreement, awards granted under the Share Match Program for 2006 will vest on a pro rata basis in accordance with the Nasdaq OMX Transaction Agreement, and have subsequently been cancelled as of the completion of the Transactions. Participants have received cash consideration for cancellation of such awards, as well as consideration for the grants that would have been made under the Share Match Program for 2007, in accordance with the Nasdaq OMX Transaction Agreement. The total cash consideration for the Share Match Programs totaled $11.0 million, which was the fair value of the awards at the time of the business combination and which includes the effect of any swap arrangements that were not material. The 2006 Share Match Program totaled approximately $4.5 million and was calculated by multiplying the number of shares in the 2006 Share Match Program by the share price of SEK 265.0 and adding withholdings. The total cash consideration for the 2007 Share Match Program totaled approximately $6.5 million, which as stated above was consideration for the grants that would have been made under the 2007 Share Match Program. These costs were funded with cash on hand. |
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The above purchase price has been preliminarily allocated based on an estimate of the fair value of OMX ABs assets acquired and liabilities assumed. In addition, we have begun to finalize our plan to integrate certain activities related to our business combination with OMX AB. We are still gathering information to make final decisions regarding the optimal organization of the combined company, from which additional adjustments and refinements to our plan will arise. As such, additional adjustments to the OMX AB purchase price allocation will be recorded as we finalize restructuring costs associated with integration activities of the combined company in accordance with the requirements of EITF No. 95-3, Recognition of Liabilities in Connection with a Purchase Business Combination, or EITF 95-3. Upon completion of the organizational analysis and the approval of appropriate management, our plan will be finalized. The future adjustments, whether increasing or decreasing our plans total value, will impact goodwill and accounts payable and accrued liabilities. We expect our plan to be finalized during the one year allocation period. We are completing our plan under the provisions of EITF 95-3. See Note 4, Goodwill and Purchased Intangible Assets, for a summary of additional adjustments to the OMX AB purchase price as of December 31, 2008. All other restructuring liabilities outside the scope of EITF 95-3 will be recognized in the income statement when those costs have been incurred in accordance with SFAS No. 146, Accounting for Costs Associated with Exit or Disposal Activities, or SFAS 146. The final valuation of net assets will be completed as soon as possible but no later than one year from the acquisition date. To the extent that the estimates need to be adjusted, we will do so, but no later than one year after closing in accordance with SFAS 141.
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The following table presents a summary of the preliminary OMX AB purchase price allocation, which was revised to reflect changes in the fair value of certain purchased intangible assets as well as the purchase of the remaining 1.2% of OMX AB shares:
Purchase Consideration |
Total Net Assets (Liabilities) Acquired(1) |
Purchased Intangible Assets |
Goodwill | |||||||||||||
(in millions) | ||||||||||||||||
Initial purchase price allocation |
$ | 4,309.4 | $ | (669.9 | ) | $ | 2,041.4 | $ | 2,937.9 | |||||||
Change in fair value of purchased intangible assets |
| 330.0 | (834.3 | )(2) | 504.3 | (2) | ||||||||||
Cash component for the remaining 1.2% of OMX AB shares |
61.7 | (3) | | | 61.7 | (3) | ||||||||||
Revised purchase price allocation |
$ | 4,371.1 | $ | (339.9 | ) | $ | 1,207.1 | $ | 3,503.9 | |||||||
(1) | We acquired net assets, at fair value, of OMX AB totaling $137.5 million and recorded current deferred tax liabilities of $18.4 million and non-current deferred tax liabilities of $789.0 million related to OMX ABs intangible assets resulting in total net liabilities acquired of $669.9 million. Included in the net liabilities acquired are $21.1 million for sublease loss reserves related to OMX AB real estate that we do not intend to occupy as well as $3.8 million for severance costs. Based on revised fair values of certain purchased intangible assets (see footnote (2) below), current deferred tax liabilities decreased $7.1 million to $11.3 million and non-current deferred tax liabilities decreased $322.9 million to $466.1 million, resulting in a total decrease of $330.0 million and a decrease in net liabilities acquired from $669.9 million to $339.9 million. |
(2) | As we finalize the factors and assumptions that we obtained to determine the purchase price allocation, the fair values of the purchased intangible assets were adjusted resulting in a decrease of $834.3 million in 2008. The impact on amortization expense was immaterial. The adjusted fair value of purchased intangible assets is $1,207.1 million. Based on the adjusted fair values, current and non-current deferred tax liabilities decreased $330.0 million (see footnote (1) above) and goodwill increased $504.3 million. As discussed above, we have not finalized the allocation of the purchase price related to the OMX AB business combination and expect there to be further adjustments to goodwill within one year from the purchase date. |
(3) | In August 2008, through compulsory acquisition procedures, NASDAQ OMX received advanced title for the remaining 1.2% of OMX AB shares held by OMX AB shareholders for an aggregate consideration of SEK 370.8 million ($61.7 million). The additional purchase was recorded as an adjustment to goodwill in the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2008. |
In performing the preliminary purchase price allocation, Nasdaq considered, among other factors, the intention for the future use of the acquired assets, analyses of historical financial performance, and an estimate of the future performance of OMX ABs business. The preliminary estimate of the fair values of intangible assets is based, in part, on a valuation using an income or cost approach, as appropriate. The risk-adjusted discount rates used to compute the present value of the expected net cash flows of individual intangible assets were based on OMX ABs weighted average cost of capital, which ranged from 7.8% to 9.6%. These discount rates were determined after consideration of OMX ABs rate of return on debt and equity and the weighted-average return on invested capital. In estimating the remaining useful lives of the intangible assets, we considered the six factors presented in paragraph 11 of SFAS 142 and an analysis of the intangible assets relevant historical attrition data.
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Intangible Assets
The following table presents the details of the purchased intangible assets acquired in the OMX AB business combination. All purchased intangible assets are amortized using the straight-line method. See Note 4, Goodwill and Purchased Intangible Assets, for further discussion.
Increase in Value | Estimated Average Remaining Useful Life (in Years) | ||||
Equity method investment |
$ | 74.7(i) | |||
Value | |||||
Intangible assets: |
|||||
Exchange and clearing registrations |
583.0 | Indefinite | |||
Trade name |
163.7 | Indefinite | |||
Customer relationships: |
|||||
Market Services |
365.2 | 23-29 | |||
Issuer Services |
25.2 | 27-33 | |||
Market Technology |
29.4 | 20-24 | |||
Total customer relationships |
419.8 | ||||
Market technology: |
|||||
Developed |
37.1 | 3 | |||
New |
3.5 | 10 | |||
Total market technology |
40.6 | ||||
Total intangible assets |
1,207.1(ii) | ||||
Total assets |
$ | 1,281.8(i)+(ii) | |||
Below is a discussion of the methods used to determine the fair value of OMX ABs intangible assets and equity method investment, as well as a discussion of the estimated average remaining useful life of each intangible asset. The carrying value of all other assets and liabilities was deemed to approximate their estimated fair value.
Equity Investment
As of February 27, 2008, OMX AB owned approximately 3.8 million shares of Orc Software AB, a company publicly traded on NASDAQ OMX Stockholm which was recorded under the equity method of accounting with a carrying value of $14.0 million. As part of the OMX AB purchase price allocation, the investment in Orc Software was recorded at fair value of $88.7 million based on the daily closing price as reported on NASDAQ OMX Stockholm as of February 27, 2008.
Exchange and Clearing Registrations
The exchange and clearing registrations represent licenses that provide OMX AB with the ability to operate its equity and derivative exchanges as well as the clearing function. Nasdaq views these intangible assets as a perpetual license to operate the exchanges so long as OMX AB meets its regulatory requirements. Nasdaq selected a variation of the income approach called the Greenfield Approach to value the exchange and clearing registrations. The Greenfield Approach refers to a discounted cash flow analysis that assumes the buyer is building the exchange and clearing operations from a start-up business to a normalized level of operations as of the acquisition date. This discounted cash flow model considers the required resources and eventual returns from the build-out of operational exchanges and the acquisition of customers, once the exchange and clearing registrations are obtained. The advantage of the approach is that it reflects the actual expectations that will arise from an investment in the registrations and it directly values the registrations. The Greenfield Approach relies on assumptions regarding projected revenues, margins, capital expenditures, depreciation, and working capital during the two year pre-trade phase, the 10 year ramp-up period as well as the terminal period.
A steady state projection for OMX AB was established first. The projection included synergies that a market participant buyer could realize. Since OMX AB has a strong market position, Nasdaq assumed that the projected revenues represent nearly 100.0% of the potential market until 2019, and that a market participant would be able to achieve 80.0% of the market within the 12 year ramp-up period. A terminal growth rate of 4.0% was chosen as a reasonable estimate of the growth rate of the stock exchange industry on a long-term basis. A steady state projection was used starting in year 12 based on the assumption that a stock exchange can expect to reach normalized operations at this time.
F-26
Nasdaq characterized the costs into fixed costs, variable costs, and technology costs. Annual fixed costs remained constant throughout the projection at approximately $122.5 million, which represents 50.0% of normalized costs. The remaining 50.0% of the costs were variable costs, which were estimated as a proportion to the revenue. It was estimated that OMX AB would have to incur approximately $200.0 million in upfront technology to start the exchanges, and ongoing maintenance technology costs would be equal to 15.0% of revenues thereafter.
The initial capital expenditures in years one and two reflect the costs associated with obtaining the fixed assets and the minimal regulatory fees required to start exchanges. Subsequent annual capital expenditures and depreciation were estimated at 4.9% of the revenue, assuming that maintenance capital expenditures are required to replace the depreciated fixed assets. Nasdaq also assumed that the exchanges would require $100.0 million of initial clearing capital which would increase to $275.0 million by the time the exchange reached normalized operations.
Based on historical working capital levels and a review of working capital for comparable companies operating in the industry, working capital for a typical market participant, as a percentage of incremental revenue, is projected to be approximately 12.5%.
The cash flows were then tax-effected at a rate of 25.0%, and a discounted tax amortization benefit was added to the fair value of the asset under the assumption that the exchange registrations would be amortized for tax purposes over a period of seven years.
An indefinite life was assumed for these registrations as the exchanges have operated, in some cases, for more than 140 years and the authorization to operate these exchanges is perpetual so long as OMX AB meets its regulatory requirements. Furthermore, since no legal, contractual, competitive, economic, or other factors limit the useful life of these intangible assets, Nasdaq considered the useful life of the exchange and clearing registrations to be indefinite. As noted above, we assessed the factors listed in paragraph 11 of SFAS 142 in making this indefinite life determination.
The fair value of the exchange registrations was determined to be approximately $583.0 million.
Trade Name
Nasdaq has incorporated OMX AB into three reporting segmentsIssuer Services, Market Services, and Market Technology. The OMX AB trade name was valued as used in each of these reporting segments. The trade name represents the value of the market recognition of quality service that OMX AB and its predecessor entities have developed in their 140 years of operation. In valuing the acquired trade names, we used the income approach, specifically the relief from royalty approach, relying on publicly available information to determine the royalty rate that OMX AB would have to pay a third-party for the use of the trade name. This valuation methodology is based on the concept that because OMX AB owns the trade name, it does not have to pay a third-party for the right to use the trade name.
Nasdaq researched public documents and accessed the Royalty Source database for license agreements involving similar trade names in the financial services and technology industries. The guideline sample of license agreements yielded a range of royalty rates extending from 0.5% to 2.0% for financial services and technology companies. Based on the margins of the reporting segments, Nasdaq estimated the royalty rates to be 2.0% for Issuer Services, 2.0% for Market Services, and 0.5% for Market Technology.
The cash flows were then tax-effected at a rate of 25.0%, and a discounted tax amortization benefit was added to the fair value of the asset under the assumption that the trade name would be amortized for tax purposes over a period of seven years for Issuer Services and Market Services and five years for Market Technology.
The following is a summary of the indicated fair value for the trade name asset:
Issuer Services |
Market Services |
Market Technology |
Total | |||||||||
(in millions) | ||||||||||||
Sum of discounted cash flows |
$ | 13.4 | $ | 110.5 | $ | 9.3 | $ | 133.2 | ||||
Discounted tax amortization benefit |
3.0 | 25.0 | 2.5 | 30.5 | ||||||||
Indicated fair value |
$ | 16.4 | $ | 135.5 | $ | 11.8 | $ | 163.7 | ||||
Customer Relationships
Customer relationships represent the non-contractual and contractual relationships that OMX AB has with issuers, traders, information vendors, and technology customers. OMX ABs customer relationships were valued using the income approach, specifically an excess earnings method. This valuation approach relied on assumptions regarding projected revenues, attrition rates, and operating cash flows for each customer type, which were projected up to 45 years.
F-27
The following chart depicts OMX ABs primary revenue streams and how the 2008 revenues were divided amongst the three customer relationship intangible assets:
Issuer Services |
Market Services |
Market Technology |
Unallocated | |||||||||
(in millions) | ||||||||||||
The Exchanges That Comprise NASDAQ OMX Nordic and NASDAQ OMX Baltic |
||||||||||||
Trading revenues |
100 | % | ||||||||||
Issuers revenues |
100 | % | ||||||||||
Other revenues |
100 | % | ||||||||||
Information Services |
||||||||||||
Information sales |
100 | % | ||||||||||
Revenues from Baltic Markets |
100 | % | ||||||||||
Revenues from Broker Services |
100 | % | ||||||||||
Other revenues |
100 | % | ||||||||||
Market Technology |
||||||||||||
License, support, and project revenues |
75 | % | 25 | % | ||||||||
Facility management services revenues |
75 | % | 25 | % | ||||||||
Other revenues |
100 | % |
For operating income, Nasdaq assumed that the weighted-average growth for existing customers was 20.0% for each reporting segment. Nasdaq also adjusted for synergies that would be available to the typical market participant, as well as the cost savings, assumed to be 2.0% of revenue, related to servicing an existing customer base versus a future revenue base.
Nasdaq assumed annual revenue attrition of 5.0% for the customers for all reporting segments, as well as charges for contributory assets. The tax-effected cash flows were discounted at a rate of 9.6%, 10.1%, and 7.9% for Issuer Services, Market Services, and Market Technology, respectively.
The cash flows were then tax-effected at a rate of 25.0%, and a discounted tax amortization benefit was added to the fair value of the asset under the assumption that the customer relationships would be amortized for tax purposes over a period of seven years for Issuer and Market Services and five years for Market Technology.
The following is a summary of the indicated fair value for the customer relationship assets:
Issuer Services |
Market Services |
Market Technology |
Total | |||||||||
(in millions) | ||||||||||||
Sum of discounted cash flows |
$ | 20.6 | $ | 298.8 | $ | 23.3 | $ | 342.7 | ||||
Discounted tax amortization benefit |
4.6 | 66.4 | 6.1 | 77.1 | ||||||||
Indicated fair value |
$ | 25.2 | $ | 365.2 | $ | 29.4 | $ | 419.8 | ||||
The estimated remaining useful life captures 90.0% to 95.0% of the present value of the cash flows generated by each customer relationship. The remaining useful life was determined based on an analysis of the historical attrition rates of OMX AB customers and paragraph 11 of SFAS 142, which included an analysis of the legal, regulatory, contractual, competitive, economic, or other factors that limit the useful life of this intangible asset. The useful life is addressed in the section below, which discusses the assessment of the lives of the customer relationships and market technology.
TechnologyLicensed to Third Parties
Nasdaq acquired two types of technology from OMX AB, developed and new. The developed technology represents the existing portfolio of software technologies that OMX AB had developed or acquired. These software technologies are licensed to more than 60 external unrelated customers and are also currently used internally by OMX AB. The new technology includes Genium. Our future technology platform is an ongoing effort as we further evaluate both Nasdaq and OMX AB technologies. NASDAQ OMX has refocused the development of Genium to combine our INET (Nasdaqs current trading platform) and CLICK technologies with the original Genium concepts and components. Ongoing Genium development will predominately incorporate our core INET functionality, including order routing that will be deployed in the new NASDAQ OMX Europe. We will develop new integrated trading and clearing functions based on CLICK and SECUR, and the Genium platform will include Genium Market Info, our information dissemination solution. The exchanges that comprise NASDAQ OMX Nordic and NASDAQ OMX Baltic will begin the migration to the Genium platform in 2010. The fair values of the technologies licensed to third parties were computed using the income approach, specifically the excess earnings approach. This valuation approach relied on assumptions regarding projected revenues, operating cash flows and core technology charges for each technology, which were projected over three years for developed technology and over 10 years for new technology.
F-28
The technology revenue streams include 75.0% of license, support, and project revenues and facility management services revenues. Nasdaq assumed that certain customers will gradually start migrating from the existing technology to Genium starting in 2010 and will be almost fully migrated to Genium by 2014.
The projected margins for the technology business are consistent with the overall Market Technology business but are adjusted for research and development, or R&D, costs spent on each technology. Nasdaq assumed that for developed technology, 2.0% of the overall expenses were related to R&D associated with developed technology, and that for new technology, 10.0% of the overall expenses were related to R&D associated with developed technology.
A contributory asset charge for the use of other assets was deducted from the after-tax operating income yielding the excess earnings generated by the technologies, which were discounted at a rate of 7.9% for developed and new technologies.
The cash flows were then tax-effected at a rate of 25.0%, and a discounted tax amortization benefit was added to the fair value of the asset under the assumption that the technology would be amortized for tax purposes over a period of five years.
The fair value of the new technology was adjusted for the INET components that Nasdaq and OMX AB are incorporating into Genium, which represented approximately 96.0% of value.
The following is a summary of the indicated fair value for the technology asset:
Developed Technology |
New Technology |
||||||
(in millions) | |||||||
Sum of discounted cash flows |
$ | 12.3 | $ | 26.0 | |||
Discounted tax amortization benefit |
3.2 | 6.8 | |||||
Indicated fair value |
15.5 | 32.8 | |||||
Value Adjustment for Nasdaq and OMX AB |
| (31.6 | ) | ||||
Indicated fair value |
$ | 15.5 | $ | 1.2 | |||
The estimated useful life of the developed and new technology was based on discussions with OMX AB management as to the likely duration of benefit to be derived from the technology. Nasdaq considered such factors as the migration cycle from the existing technology to Genium, the estimated R&D, and the development of future generations of technology. Nasdaq also gave consideration to paragraph 11 of SFAS 142 and to the pace of the technological changes in the industries in which OMX AB sells its products.
TechnologyInternal Use
The fair values of the internally used technology were valued using the income approach, specifically the relief from royalty approach, relying on publicly available information to determine the royalty rate that OMX AB would have to pay a third-party for the use of the technologies. This valuation methodology is based on the concept that because OMX AB owns the technologies it does not have to pay a third-party for the right to license the technology.
Nasdaq researched public documents and accessed the Royalty Source database for license agreements involving similar trade names in the financial services and technology industries. The guideline sample of license agreements yielded a range of royalty rates extending from 0.25% to 40.0% for financial services technologies. Based on the functionality of the technologies, Nasdaq estimated the royalty rates to be 5.0% for the developed and new technology.
The cash flows were then tax-effected at a rate of 25.0%, and a discounted tax amortization benefit was added to the fair value of the asset under the assumption that the technologies would be amortized for tax purposes over a period of seven years.
The fair value of the new technology was adjusted for the INET components that Nasdaq and OMX AB are incorporating into Genium, which represented approximately 96.0% of value.
F-29
The following is a summary of the indicated fair value for the internally licensed existing and new technologies:
Developed Technology |
New Technology |
||||||
(in millions) | |||||||
Sum of discounted cash flows |
$ | 17.6 | $ | 55.2 | |||
Discounted tax amortization benefit |
4.0 | 12.5 | |||||
Indicated fair value |
21.6 | 67.7 | |||||
Value Adjustment for Nasdaq and OMX AB |
| (65.4 | ) | ||||
Indicated fair value |
$ | 21.6 | $ | 2.3 | |||
Customer Relationships and Market Technology Lives
The following summarizes the methodologies and assumptions Nasdaq used to estimate the remaining economic lives of the customer relationships and market technology.
a. The expected use of the asset by the entityAs previously discussed, the existing technology will be partially replaced by the Genium technology over the next 6 years. In addition, the existing technology and Genium technology will be obsolete after three and 10 years, respectively. The determination of the useful life of Genium was based on the historical development and life cycles of existing technology products within Nasdaq and OMX AB.
b. The expected useful life of another asset or group of assets to which the useful life of the intangible asset may relateThe useful lives of the technology and customer relationship assets are not significantly impacted by any other asset or group of assets. The life of the customer relationships varies depending on the customers. The issuers generally have a 27 to 33 year life, the traders/information vendors have a 23 to 29 year life, and the market technology customers have a 20 to 24 year life. For technology, the existing technology has a three year life whereas Genium has a 10 year life.
c. Any legal, regulatory or contractual provisions that may limit the useful lifeWe are not aware of any.
d. Any legal, regulatory or contractual provisions that enable renewal or extension of the assets legal or contractual life without substantial costThe market technology customers enter into license and facilities management contracts with a duration of three to 10 years. Such contracts are generally renewed at least once with minimal cost. The useful life of 20 to 24 years was selected based on the fact that many contracts are renewed more than one time, and a majority of the contracts have terms in the eight to 10 year range. We are not aware of any other legal, regulatory, or contractual provisions that may impact the lives of the customer relationships and market technology.
e. The effects of obsolescence, demand, competition, and other economic factorsGenium will be introduced both internally and externally beginning in 2010. The existing technology would become obsolete in approximately three years. In addition, Genium would become obsolete in approximately ten years should OMX AB not invest in upgrades and improvements. The life cycles were based on the historical development and life cycles of existing software products within Nasdaq and OMX AB.
With respect to the customer relationships, the issuers are generally loyal to their home country and, as such, list on the local exchanges. Most delistings relate to mergers or acquisitions rather than competition. However, within Europe, there has been increased competition with respect to the trading business, resulting in higher attrition rates for the listing/information vendor business. Finally, for the market technology customers, OMX AB faced competition from exchanges that choose to develop their own exchange technologies. The present competition does not have a large impact on the life cycle as customers typically return due to better pricing options and the high cost of changing providers.
f. The level of maintenance expenditures required to obtain the expected future cash flows from the asset. OMX AB expects to incur research and development expenses to maintain its technology. With respect to the customer relationships, OMX AB incurs sales and marketing expenses to maintain the current customers. Nasdaq believes that historically the research and development and sales and marketing expenses have maintained the quality of its products and services, thus contributing to a longer life.
Deferred Tax Liability
An $11.3 million current deferred tax liability and a $466.1 million non-current deferred tax liability (total deferred tax liability of $477.4 million) has been set up against the $1,207.1 million increase in value of OMX ABs intangible assets outlined in the table above. The deferred tax liabilities represent the tax effect of the difference between the estimated assigned fair value of the acquired intangible assets ($1,207.1 million) and the tax basis ($0) of such assets. The estimated amount of $477.4 million is determined by multiplying the difference of $1,207.1 million by the U.S. marginal tax rate of 39.55%.
F-30
Equity Investment in NASDAQ Dubai
As discussed above, we also acquired 33 1/3% of the equity of NASDAQ Dubai in exchange for $50 million of cash consideration and the entry into certain technology and trademark licensing agreements. These agreements are intended to be nontransferable and perpetual, subject to various exceptions. The agreements grant to NASDAQ Dubai and/or its affiliates rights to use or sublicense certain intellectual property (including, in some instances, on an exclusive basis). We will also be responsible for 50.0% of any additional capital contribution calls made by NASDAQ Dubai, subject to a maximum aggregate additional commitment by us of $25.0 million.
Included in the Consolidated Balance Sheet is our equity method investment in NASDAQ Dubai, which was initially recorded for approximately $128 million. Our investment includes $50 million of cash consideration and the contribution of certain licenses related to our technology, or technology licenses, and the Nasdaq trade name with a gross value of $117 million (net value of $78 million after reduction by the portion of economic interest retained through our 33 1/3% equity investment in NASDAQ Dubai). Upon the concurrent closing of the Transactions, we recognized a non-recurring pre-tax gain of $26 million ($15.7 million after-tax) on the transfer of the Nasdaq trade name asset. In addition, as discussed below, we recorded deferred revenue of $52 million related to the transfer of the technology licenses and will ratably recognize this revenue over a seven year period, which is an estimate of the relevant period for which service will be provided to NASDAQ Dubai.
The basis of the estimated fair values of the technology licenses and the Nasdaq trade name and the calculation of deferred revenue on the technology licenses and the calculation of the Nasdaq trade name pre-tax and after-tax gains are presented below.
Estimated Fair Value of Licenses related to Technology and Calculation of Deferred Revenue
Estimated Fair Value of Technology Licenses
The technology license contributed to NASDAQ Dubai was valued using the cost savings method. As part of the Transactions, NASDAQ Dubai was granted the rights to use or sublicense certain intellectual property (including in some instances, on an exclusive basis) for use in NASDAQ Dubais operations in certain territories. Furthermore, NASDAQ Dubai can sublicense current or future commercially available technologies owned by NASDAQ OMX to any of its affiliated entities. Nasdaq estimated the hypothetical after-tax license fees saved by NASDAQ Dubai based on similar license agreements. The applicable license fees saved by the affiliated entities were based on the analysis of likely licensors of commercially available technologies. A hypothetical license agreement with NASDAQ Dubai and their affiliated entities was assumed to span a period of five years, and the license fees were assumed to be paid at the beginning of each period. The tax rate in Dubai is zero. The tax-effected license fee savings cash flows were discounted at a rate of 19.1%. The discount rate was developed using the comparable public company data and economic data reflecting the risk environment in NASDAQ Dubais market area. The discount rate was based on the capital asset pricing model and represents the weighted-average cost of capital.
The fair value of the technology licenses was determined to be approximately $78 million.
Calculation of Deferred Revenue
As part of the perpetual technology license agreement, we are obligated to provide NASDAQ Dubai with additional unspecified software developed or marketed by NASDAQ OMX in the future. As such, we have deemed our contribution of technology to be an insubstance subscription in accordance with SOP 97-2. As such, revenue that is earned as a result of the license agreement will be recognized ratably over its estimated economic useful life. We have recorded deferred revenue equal to the fair value of the technology licenses. The deferred revenue will be reduced by the portion of the economic interest retained since we will have a 33 1/3% equity investment in NASDAQ Dubai and the deferred revenue will be recognized ratably over the estimated economic useful life of the technology licenses, which is seven years.
Calculation is as follows:
| $78 million value to technology licenses * 66 2/3% interest sold = $52 million. |
For the year ended December 31, 2008, we recorded $5.8 million of income related to this deferred revenue in Market Technology revenues in the Consolidated Statements of Income.
Estimated Fair Value of License related to the Nasdaq Trade Name and Calculation of Gain on Transfer of the Nasdaq Trade Name
Estimated Fair Value of Nasdaq Trade Name
Nasdaq used the relief from royalty method in valuing NASDAQ Dubais right to the Nasdaq trade name. As a part of the Transactions, NASDAQ Dubai received rights to use the Nasdaq trade name. The valuation methodology used is based on the after-tax royalties saved by NASDAQ Dubai because of the licensing agreement. The royalty rate used was selected after researching publicly available information on license agreements involving similar trade names. Based on these license agreements, a royalty rate of 3.0% was selected, which was multiplied by NASDAQ Dubais projected revenue stream to derive the after-tax royalty savings. The tax rate in Dubai is zero. The resulting after-tax royalty savings were discounted using a rate of 19.1%, which represents the weighted average cost of capital.
F-31
The fair value of the license related to the Nasdaq trade name was determined to be approximately $39 million.
Calculation of Gain on Transfer of Asset
As noted above, the fair value of the license related to the Nasdaq trade name was approximately $39 million and had a zero carrying value on Nasdaqs books and records prior to the transfer. The contribution of the Nasdaq trade name is considered an exchange of monetary assets in accordance with EITF 01-02 Interpretations of APB Opinion No. 29, therefore we determined that a gain should be recognized for the difference between Nasdaqs carrying value and the fair value of this contributed asset. This gain is reduced by the portion of economic interest retained since we will have a 33 1/3% equity investment in NASDAQ Dubai.
The pre-tax gain was calculated as follows:
| $39 million value to trade name *66 2/3% interest sold = $26 million. |
The after-tax gain was calculated as follows:
| $26 million gain less taxes at 39.55% ($10.3 million) = $15.7 million. |
Tax Related to the NASDAQ Dubai Investment
For tax purposes, we recorded a current income tax payable of $46.3 million on the total intangible asset value of $117 million. In addition, we recorded a deferred tax asset of $36.0 million related to the difference between the total intangible asset value of $117 million and the gain of $26.0 million recognized on the Nasdaq trade name contribution.
Acquisition of PHLX
On July 24, 2008, we completed our previously announced acquisition of PHLX, or the PHLX acquisition. NASDAQ OMXs cost to acquire PHLX of approximately $707.5 million ($652.0 million cash paid plus approximately $55.5 million of direct acquisition costs and working capital adjustments) is subject to certain post-closing adjustments.
Purchase price
The following is a summary of the purchase price in the PHLX acquisition (in millions):
Cash component |
$ | 652.0 | (a) | |
Acquisition costs |
11.8 | (b) | ||
Working capital adjustments |
43.7 | (c) | ||
Total purchase consideration |
$ | 707.5 | ||
(a) | Source of the cash component is the drawdown of debt of $650.0 million under a five-year $2,000.0 million senior secured term loan facility and the use of $2.0 million cash on hand. |
(b) | Managements direct costs of the acquisition, which primarily includes legal and advisory fees incurred by NASDAQ OMX. These costs were funded with cash on hand. |
(c) | Estimated working capital surplus paid at closing per the acquisition agreement. We deposited $15.0 million of the approximately $43.7 million into an escrow account until the final working capital adjustment is calculated. This payment was funded with cash on hand. |
The above estimated purchase price has been preliminarily allocated based on an estimate of the fair value of PHLXs assets acquired and liabilities assumed. In addition, we have begun to finalize our plan to integrate certain activities related to our acquisition of PHLX. We are still gathering information from which to make final decisions regarding the optimal organization of the combined company, from which additional adjustments and refinements to our plan will arise. As such, additional adjustments to the PHLX purchase price allocation will be recorded as we estimate restructuring costs associated with integration activities of the combined company in accordance with the requirements of EITF 95-3. Upon completion of the organizational analysis and the approval of appropriate management, our plan will be finalized. The future adjustments, whether increasing or decreasing our plans total value, will impact goodwill and accounts payable and accrued liabilities. We expect our plan to be finalized during the one year allocation period. We are completing our plan under the provisions of EITF 95-3. All other restructuring liabilities outside the scope of EITF 95-3 will be recognized in the income statement when those costs have been incurred in accordance with SFAS 146. The final valuation of net assets will be completed as soon as possible but no later than one year from the acquisition date. To the extent that the estimates need to be adjusted, we will do so, but no later than one year after closing in accordance with SFAS 141.
F-32
The following table presents a summary of the preliminary PHLX purchase price allocation:
Purchase Consideration |
Total Net Assets (Liabilities) Acquired(1) |
Purchased Intangible Assets |
Goodwill | ||||||||
(in millions) | |||||||||||
$ | 707.5 | $ | (98.9 | ) | $ | 336.8 | $ | 469.6 |
(1) | We acquired net assets, at fair value, of PHLX totaling $55.1 million and recorded deferred tax liabilities of $154.0 million related to PHLXs intangible assets resulting in total net liabilities acquired of $98.9 million. Included in the net liabilities acquired are $7.5 million for write-offs of leasehold improvements and sublease reserves on PHLX real estate that we do not intend to occupy as well as $23.5 million for severance costs. |
In performing the preliminary purchase price allocation, NASDAQ OMX considered, among other factors, the intention for the future use of the acquired assets, analyses of historical financial performance, and an estimate of the future performance of PHLXs business. The estimate of the fair values of intangible assets is based, in part, on a valuation using an income approach, market approach, or cost approach, as appropriate. The risk-adjusted discount rates used to compute the present value of the expected net cash flows of individual intangible assets, based on PHLXs weighted average cost of capital, ranged from 12.0% to 12.5%. These discount rates were determined after consideration of PHLXs rate of return on debt and equity and the weighted-average return on invested capital. In estimating the remaining useful lives of the intangible assets, NASDAQ OMX considered the six factors presented in paragraph 11 of SFAS 142 and an analysis of the intangible assets relevant historical attrition data.
Intangible Assets
The following table presents the details of the purchased intangible assets acquired in the PHLX acquisition. All purchased intangible assets are amortized using the straight-line method. See Note 4, Goodwill and Purchased Intangible Assets, for further discussion.
Value | Estimated Average Remaining Useful Life (in Years) | ||||
Intangible assets: |
|||||
Exchange and futures registrations |
$ | 207.0 | Indefinite | ||
Customer relationships |
112.9 | 19-23 years | |||
Technology |
10.5 | 1.5-5 years | |||
Trade name |
6.4 | Indefinite | |||
Total intangible assets |
$ | 336.8 | |||
Below is a discussion of the methods used to determine the fair value of PHLXs intangible assets, as well as a discussion of the estimated average remaining useful life of each intangible asset. The carrying value of all other assets and liabilities was deemed to approximate their estimated fair value.
Exchange and Futures Registrations
The national securities exchange and futures registrations represent licenses that provide PHLX with the ability to operate its equity and options and futures exchanges. NASDAQ OMX views these intangible assets as perpetual licenses to operate the exchange and futures functions so long as PHLX meets certain regulatory requirements. NASDAQ OMX selected a variation of the income approach called the Greenfield Approach to value the SRO exchange registration and the cost approach to value PBOTs futures registration. PBOT has been renamed NFX and is a subsidiary of NASDAQ OMX PHLX.
An indefinite life was assumed for these registrations as PHLX is the oldest securities exchange in the United States. Furthermore, since no legal, contractual, competitive, economic, or other factors limit the useful life of these intangible assets, NASDAQ OMX considered the useful life of the exchange and futures registrations to be indefinite. We assessed the factors listed in paragraph 11 of SFAS 142 in making this indefinite life determination.
SRO Exchange Registration
The Greenfield Approach refers to a discounted cash flow analysis that assumes the buyer is building the exchange operation from a start-up business to a normalized level of operation as of the acquisition date. This discounted cash flow model considers the required resources and eventual returns from the build-out of an operational exchange and the acquisition of customers, once the exchange registration is obtained. The advantage of the approach is that it reflects the actual expectations that will arise from an investment in the registration and it directly values the registration. The Greenfield Approach relies on assumptions regarding projected revenues, margins, market share, capital expenditures, depreciation, and working capital during the two year pre-trade phase, the 10 year ramp-up period, and the terminal period.
F-33
A steady state projection for PHLX was established first. The projection excluded revenue from options and clearing. A steady state projection was used starting in year 12 based on the assumption that a stock exchange can expect to reach normalized operations at this time. In the terminal year, NASDAQ OMX assumed a market share equal to 80.0% of current projections. This is because PHLX would be a late entrant into this business and would not achieve the same market penetration they currently enjoy given their long history. It also reflects what a market participant would be able to achieve by the end of the 10 year ramp-up period. A terminal growth rate of 3.0% was chosen as a reasonable estimate of the growth rate of the stock exchange industry on a long-term basis.
NASDAQ OMX divided the costs into fixed costs and variable costs. Annual fixed costs were estimated to grow steadily from $20 million in 2008 to $50 million in 2019. Variable costs were estimated as a proportion of the revenue.
Based on historical working capital levels and a review of working capital for comparable companies operating in the industry, working capital for a typical market participant, as a percentage of incremental revenue, is projected to be approximately 34.0%.
The cash flows were then tax-effected at a rate of 40.0%, and a discounted tax amortization benefit was added to the fair value of the asset under the assumption that the SRO exchange registration would be amortized for tax purposes over a period of 15 years.
The following is a summary of the indicated fair value for the SRO exchange registration:
(in millions) |
SRO Exchange Registration | ||
Sum of costs |
$ | 167.7 | |
Discounted tax amortization benefit |
39.0 | ||
Indicated fair value |
$ | 206.7 | |
NFX Futures Registration
The fair value of NFX futures registration was valued using the cost approach, specifically the replacement cost new approach, to determine the current cost to purchase or replace the futures registration. This valuation methodology is based on the concept that a prudent investor would pay no more for an asset than the amount necessary to replace the asset.
The following is a summary of the indicated fair value for NFX futures registration:
(in millions) |
NFX Futures Registration | ||
Sum of costs |
$ | 0.2 | |
Discounted tax amortization benefit |
0.1 | ||
Indicated fair value |
$ | 0.3 | |
Customer Relationships
Customer relationships represent the non-contractual and contractual relationships that PHLX has with its members. PHLXs customer relationships were valued using the income approach, specifically an excess earnings method. This valuation approach relied on assumptions regarding projected revenues, attrition rates, and operating cash flows for its customers, which were projected up to 35 years.
NASDAQ OMX assumed annual revenue attrition of 5.0% for the customers and that 95.0% of the projected revenue growth came from existing customer relationships. Charges for contributory assets were taken, and the tax-effected cash flows were discounted at a rate of 12.5%.
The cash flows were then tax-effected at a rate of 40.0%, and a discounted tax amortization benefit was added to the fair value of the asset under the assumption that the customer relationships would be amortized for tax purposes over a period of 15 years.
The following is a summary of the indicated fair value for the customer relationships asset:
(in millions) |
Total | ||
Sum of discounted cash flows |
$ | 91.7 | |
Discounted tax amortization benefit |
21.2 | ||
Indicated fair value |
$ | 112.9 | |
F-34
The estimated remaining useful life captures 90.0% to 95.0% of the present value of the cash flows generated by the customer relationships. The remaining useful life was determined based on an analysis of the historical attrition rates of PHLX customers and paragraph 11 of SFAS 142, which included an analysis of the legal, regulatory, contractual, competitive, economic, or other factors that limit the useful life of this intangible asset. The useful life of customer relationships is addressed in the section below, Customer Relationships and Technology Lives.
TechnologyXL, PBOT, XLE, and SCCP
NASDAQ OMX acquired five technologies from PHLX: XL, PBOT, XLE, SCCP, and certain supporting technologies. These technologies represent the existing portfolio of software technologies that PHLX had developed or acquired to operate its exchange.
NASDAQ OMX will develop new integrated trading functions based on existing NASDAQ OMX technologies, and accordingly will either re-platform or discontinue using PHLXs XL, PBOT, XLE, and SCCP technologies while incorporating several supporting, peripheral technologies into the revised platform. The fair values of the technologies being re-platformed or discontinued were valued using the income approach, specifically the relief from royalty approach, relying on publicly available information to determine the royalty rate that PHLX would have to pay a third-party for the use of the technologies. This valuation methodology is based on the concept that because PHLX owns the technologies, it does not have to pay a third-party for the right to license the technology.
NASDAQ OMX researched public documents and accessed the Royalty Source database for license agreements involving similar trade names in the financial services industries. Based on the functionality of the technologies, NASDAQ OMX estimated the royalty rates to be 8.0% for XL, XLE, and SCCP technologies and 5.0% for PBOT technology.
The cash flows were then tax-effected at a rate of 40.0%, and a discounted tax amortization benefit was added to the fair value of the asset under the assumption that the technologies would be amortized for tax purposes over a period of 15 years.
The following is a summary of the indicated fair value for XL, PBOT, XLE, and SCCP technologies:
XL | PBOT | XLE | SCCP | Total | |||||||||||
Sum of discounted cash flows |
$ | 6.1 | $ | 0.0 | $ | 0.0 | $ | 0.0 | $ | 6.1 | |||||
Discounted tax amortization benefit |
1.4 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1.4 | ||||||||||
Indicated fair value |
$ | 7.5 | $ | 0.0 | $ | 0.0 | $ | 0.0 | $ | 7.5 | |||||
The estimated useful life of the technologies was based on discussions with PHLX management as to the likely duration of benefit to be derived from the technology. Since NASDAQ OMX will be re-platforming most of the existing technologies, NASDAQ OMX considered the migration cycle for re-platforming the existing technologies. NASDAQ OMX also gave consideration to paragraph 11 of SFAS 142 and to the pace of the technological changes in the industries in which PHLX sells its products.
TechnologySupporting
The fair values of certain supporting technologies were valued using the cost approach, specifically the replacement cost new approach, to determine the current cost to purchase or replace the supporting technologies. This valuation methodology is based on the concept that a prudent investor would pay no more for an asset than the amount necessary to replace the asset.
The following is a summary of the indicated fair value for the supporting technologies:
(in millions) |
Supporting | ||
Sum of estimated replacement costs |
$ | 2.5 | |
Discounted tax amortization benefit |
0.5 | ||
Indicated fair value |
$ | 3.0 | |
Trade Name
In valuing PHLXs trade names and trademarks, we used the income approach, specifically the relief from royalty approach, relying on publicly available information to determine the royalty rate that PHLX would have to pay a third-party for the use of the trade name. This valuation methodology is based on the concept that because PHLX owns the trade name, it does not have to pay a third-party for the right to use the trade name.
NASDAQ OMX researched public documents and accessed the Royalty Source database for license agreements involving similar trade names in the financial services and technology industries. The guideline sample of license agreements yielded a typical royalty rate of 0.5% for financial services companies.
F-35
The cash flows were then tax-effected at a rate of 40.0%, and a discounted tax amortization benefit was added to the fair value of the asset under the assumption that the trade name would be amortized for tax purposes over a period of 15 years.
The following is a summary of the indicated fair value for the trade name asset:
(in millions) |
Total | ||
Sum of discounted cash flows |
$ | 5.2 | |
Discounted tax amortization benefit |
1.2 | ||
Indicated fair value |
$ | 6.4 | |
Customer Relationships and Technology Lives
The following summarizes the methodologies and assumptions NASDAQ OMX used to estimate the remaining economic lives of the customer relationships and technology.
a. The expected use of the asset by the entityAs previously discussed, most of the existing technology will be re-platformed or discontinued in the next two years. The determination of the useful life of supporting technologies was based on the historical development and life cycles of existing technology products within NASDAQ OMX.
b. The expected useful life of another asset or group of assets to which the useful life of the intangible asset may relateThe useful lives of the technology and customer relationships assets are not significantly impacted by any other asset or group of assets. The life of the customer relationships is about 19 to 23 years. For technology, the existing technologies will be re-platformed in the next one to two years whereas supporting technologies have a 5 year life.
c. Any legal, regulatory or contractual provisions that may limit the useful lifeWe are not aware of any.
d. Any legal, regulatory or contractual provisions that enable renewal or extension of the assets legal or contractual life without substantial costWe are not aware of any other legal, regulatory, or contractual provisions that may impact the lives of the customer relationships and technology.
e. The effects of obsolescence, demand, competition, and other economic factorsSince NASDAQ OMX will re-platform most of the existing technologies, they would become obsolete in approximately 0.25 to two years. The life cycles were based on the business plans to re-platform the existing technologies within NASDAQ OMX and PHLX. With regards to the customer relationships, an analysis of attrition rates was performed based on historical information.
f. The level of maintenance expenditures required to obtain the expected future cash flows from the asset. PHLX expects to incur research and development expenses to maintain its technology. With respect to the customer relationships, PHLX incurs little, if any, sales and marketing expenses to maintain the current customers. NASDAQ OMX believes that historically the research and development have maintained the quality of its products and services, thus contributing to the shorter life.
Deferred Tax Liability
A $5.0 million current deferred tax liability and a $149.0 million non-current deferred tax liability (total deferred tax liability of $154.0 million) has been set up against the $336.8 million value of PHLXs assets outlined in the above table. The deferred tax liabilities represent the tax effect of the difference between the estimated assigned fair value of the acquired intangible assets ($336.8 million) and the tax basis ($0) of such assets. The estimated amount of $154.0 million is determined by multiplying the difference of $336.8 million by the PHLX U.S. effective tax rate of 45.72%.
Acquisition of certain businesses of Nord Pool
On October 21, 2008, we completed our acquisition of Nord Pools clearing, international derivatives and consulting subsidiaries. The aggregate purchase price of NOK 2,192 million (approximately $317.1 million) consisted of NOK 1,725 million (approximately $249.4 million) in cash, NOK 457 million (approximately $66.0 million) in the form of a vendor note due to the current owners of Nord Pool within 18 months of closing and NOK 10 million (approximately $1.7 million) of direct acquisition costs. NASDAQ OMX may also be obligated to pay further earn-out payments of up to NOK 800 million (approximately $115.6 million), based on certain volume measurements over a five-year period. In accordance with SFAS 141, we will recognize these payments as additional goodwill if and when the earn-outs are achieved.
F-36
Purchase Price
The following is a summary of the purchase price of the Nord Pool transaction (in millions):
Cash component |
249.4 | (a) | ||
Vendor note |
66.0 | (b) | ||
Acquisition costs |
1.7 | (c) | ||
Total purchase consideration |
$ | 317.1 | ||
(a) | Based on cash consideration of NOK 1,725 million paid on October 21, 2008 divided by the NOK/USD exchange rate of 6.9175 on that date. The sources of the cash component were the drawdown of debt under a five-year $2,000.0 million senior secured term loan facility and the use of cash on hand. |
(b) | Based on vendor note of NOK 457 million given on October 21, 2008 divided by the NOK/USD exchange rate of 6.9175 on that date. The vendor note will be due to the current owners of Nord Pool within 18 months of closing. |
(c) | Managements direct costs of the acquisition, which primarily include legal and advisory fees incurred by NASDAQ OMX. Based on acquisition costs of NOK 10 million incurred during 2008 divided by the NOK/USD average 2008 exchange rate of 5.8587. These costs were funded with cash on hand. |
The following table presents a summary of the preliminary Nord Pool transaction purchase price allocation:
Purchase Consideration |
Total Net Assets (Liabilities) Acquired(1) |
Purchased Intangible Assets |
Goodwill | |||||||
(in millions) | ||||||||||
$ | 317.1 | $ | 66.7 | $ | 89.1 | $ | 161.3 |
(1) | We acquired net assets, at fair value, in the Nord Pool transaction totaling $91.6 million and recorded deferred tax liabilities of $24.9 million related to intangible assets resulting in total net assets acquired of $66.7 million. |
Intangible Assets
The following table presents the details of the purchased intangible assets acquired in the Nord Pool transaction. All finite-lived purchased intangible assets are amortized using the straight-line method. See Note 4, Goodwill and Purchased Intangible Assets, for further discussion.
Value | Estimated Average Remaining Useful Life (in Years) | ||||
Intangible assets: |
|||||
Customer relationships |
$ | 84.9 | 21 years | ||
Trade name |
3.7 | 10 years | |||
SAPRI technology |
0.5 | 7 years | |||
Total intangible assets |
$ | 89.1 | |||
In performing the preliminary purchase price allocation, NASDAQ OMX considered, among other factors, the intention for the future use of the acquired assets, analyses of historical financial performance, and an estimate of the future performance of the acquired businesses. The estimate of the fair values of intangible assets is based, in part, on a valuation using an income approach, market approach, or cost approach, as appropriate. The risk-adjusted discount rates used to compute the present value of the expected net cash flows of individual intangible assets, were based on Nord Pools weighted average cost of capital of 11.7%. This discount rate was determined after consideration of Nord Pools rate of return on debt and equity and the return on invested capital. In estimating the remaining useful lives of the intangible assets, NASDAQ OMX considered the six factors presented in paragraph 11 of SFAS 142 and an analysis of the intangible assets relevant historical attrition data. Below is a discussion of the method used to determine the fair value of the customer relationships intangible asset.
Customer Relationships
Customer relationships represent the non-contractual and contractual relationships that the businesses acquired in the Nord Pool transaction have with their members. Customer relationships were valued using the income approach, specifically an excess earnings method. This valuation approach relied on assumptions regarding projected revenues, attrition rates, and operating cash flows for customers, which were projected over 38 years.
F-37
NASDAQ OMX assumed annual revenue attrition of 5.0% for the customers and revenue growth of the customers at 80% of the projected overall revenue growth of the business. Charges for contributory assets were taken, and the tax-effected cash flows were discounted at a rate of 12.8%.
The cash flows were then tax-effected at a rate of 28.0%, and a discounted tax amortization benefit was added to the fair value of the asset under the assumption that the customer relationships would be amortized for tax purposes over a period of 21 years based on the remaining useful life of the customers and Norwegian tax law.
The following is a summary of the indicated fair value for the customer relationships asset:
(in millions) |
Total | ||
Sum of discounted cash flows |
$ | 76.3 | |
Discounted tax amortization benefit |
8.6 | ||
Indicated fair value |
$ | 84.9 | |
The estimated remaining useful life captures approximately 95.0% of the present value of the cash flows generated by the customer relationships. The remaining useful life was determined based on an analysis of the historical attrition rates of customers and paragraph 11 of SFAS 142, which included an analysis of the legal, regulatory, contractual, competitive, economic, or other factors that limit the useful life of this intangible asset.
The following summarizes the methodologies and assumptions NASDAQ OMX used to estimate the remaining economic lives of the customer relationships.
a. The expected use of the asset by the entityThe determination of the useful life of the customer relationships asset was estimated based on the period in which 95% of the present value of cash flows related to the customer relationships are captured.
b. The expected useful life of another asset or group of assets to which the useful life of the intangible asset may relateThe useful lives of the customer relationships asset is not significantly impacted by any other asset or group of assets. The life of the customer relationships is about 20 to 22 years.
c. Any legal, regulatory or contractual provisions that may limit the useful lifeWe are not aware of any.
d. Any legal, regulatory or contractual provisions that enable renewal or extension of the assets legal or contractual life without substantial costWe are not aware of any other legal, regulatory, or contractual provisions that may impact the lives of the customer relationships and technology.
e. The effects of obsolescence, demand, competition, and other economic factorsWith regards to the customer relationships, an analysis of attrition rates was performed based on historical information.
f. The level of maintenance expenditures required to obtain the expected future cash flows from the asset. With respect to the customer relationships, the businesses acquired in the Nord Pool transaction incur little, if any, sales and marketing expenses to maintain the current customers.
Deferred Tax Liability
A $24.9 million deferred tax liability has been set up against the $89.1 million value of the intangible assets acquired in the Nord Pool transaction outlined in the above table. The deferred tax liability represents the tax effect of the difference between the estimated assigned fair value of the acquired intangible assets ($89.1 million) and the tax basis ($0) of such assets. The estimated amount of $24.9 million is determined by multiplying the difference of $89.1 million by the effective tax rate of 28.0%.
F-38
Pro Forma Results
The consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2008 include the financial results of OMX AB, PHLX, BSX, certain businesses of Nord Pool and IDCG from the date of each acquisition. Unaudited pro forma combined historical results for the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007 are included in the table below. The unaudited pro forma combined results include the historical Consolidated Statements of Income of Nasdaq, OMX AB and PHLX giving effect to the OMX AB business combination and PHLX acquisition as if they had occurred at the beginning of each period presented. We also acquired BSX in August 2008, certain businesses of Nord Pool in October 2008 and IDCG in December 2008, but have not included their results prior to their respective acquisition dates in these pro forma results as these acquisitions were not considered significant.
Years Ended December 31, | ||||||
2008 | 2007 | |||||
(in thousands, except per share amounts) | ||||||
Revenues |
$ | 3,852,508 | $ | 3,152,706 | ||
Revenues less liquidity rebates, brokerage, clearance and exchange fees |
1,652,492 | 1,520,727 | ||||
Net income |
308,807 | 336,283 | ||||
Basic earnings per share |
$ | 1.54 | $ | 1.90 | ||
Diluted earnings per share |
$ | 1.45 | $ | 1.62 |
The pro forma results for the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007 primarily include adjustments for amortization of the intangible assets presented above, the elimination of OMX ABs historical amortization expense, elimination of PHLXs non-recurring expenses related to the acquisition, additional interest expense on the Credit Facilities and the 2.50% convertible senior notes, elimination of OMX ABs historical interest expense related to OMX ABs debt that was refinanced and related tax adjustments.
The pro forma results for the year ended December 31, 2008 also include the elimination of the non-recurring gain on the contribution of the Nasdaq trade name in the NASDAQ Dubai transaction discussed above. In addition, the pro forma results for the year ended December 31, 2007 were adjusted to exclude the material non-recurring charges or credits and related tax effects related to our previous investment in the LSE. The adjustments related to the LSE transaction include the elimination of Nasdaqs interest expense related to the financing of the purchase of the share capital of the LSE, the loss on foreign currency option contracts purchased to hedge the foreign currency exposure on our acquisition bid, dividend income received from the LSE, strategic initiative costs and related tax adjustments. In addition, pro forma results for the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007 include adjustments to eliminate interest income related to the net cash received from the sale of our investment in the LSE.
Other Acquisitions Completed in 2008, 2007 and 2006
The following table presents a summary of our other acquisitions in 2008, 2007 and 2006:
Purchase Consideration |
Total Net (Liabilities) Assets Acquired(1) |
Purchased Intangible Assets |
Goodwill | |||||||||||
(in thousands) | ||||||||||||||
2008 |
||||||||||||||
BSX |
$ | 43,365 | (2) | $ | (43,725 | ) | $ | 52,300 | $ | 34,790 | ||||
IDCG |
84,531 | 58,743 | 25,788 | | ||||||||||
Total for 2008 |
$ | 127,896 | $ | 15,018 | $ | 78,088 | $ | 34,790 | ||||||
2007 |
||||||||||||||
Directors Desk |
$ | 8,000 | (2) | $ | (162 | ) | $ | 1,660 | $ | 6,502 | ||||
2006 |
||||||||||||||
Shareholder.com |
$ | 40,000 | (2) | $ | (2,069 | ) | $ | 10,159 | $ | 31,910 | ||||
GlobeNewswire |
18,000 | (2) | (1,300 | ) | 5,170 | 12,296 | ||||||||
Total for 2006 |
$ | 58,000 | $ | (3,369 | ) | $ | 15,329 | $ | 44,206 | |||||
(1) | We acquired net liabilities of BSX totaling $22.3 million and recorded deferred tax liabilities of $21.5 million related to BSXs intangible assets. The net liabilities of $22.3 million include $22.6 million of negative working capital, which was included as an adjustment to the purchase consideration. We acquired net assets of IDCG of $58.7 million, which include $68.0 million of cash received from NASDAQ OMX for the acquisition consideration. We acquired net assets of Directors Desk totaling $0.2 million and net liabilities of $0.4 million resulting in total net liabilities acquired of $0.2 million. We acquired net assets of Shareholder.com totaling $1.1 million and recorded non-current deferred tax liabilities of $3.2 million related to Shareholder.coms intangible assets resulting in total net liabilities acquired of $2.1 million. We acquired net assets of GlobeNewswire totaling $0.7 million and recorded non-current deferred tax liabilities of $2.0 million related to GlobeNewswires intangible assets resulting in total net liabilities acquired of $1.3 million. |
F-39
(2) | BSX consideration includes the $61.0 million purchase price less $22.6 million of negative working capital adjustments as well as $4.9 million for the settlement of a loan. BSX consideration includes $3.3 million held in escrow to be paid in 2009 in accordance with the purchase agreement. Directors Desk purchase consideration included $0.5 million held in escrow to be paid in 2009 in accordance with the purchase agreement. Shareholder.com purchase consideration included $4.0 million held in escrow for post closing settlement adjustments that were paid in 2007 in accordance with the purchase agreement. GlobeNewswire purchase consideration included $1.8 million included in compensation and benefits expense in the December 31, 2006 Consolidated Statements of Income related to incentive payments paid in 2008 in accordance with the purchase agreement. |
The following table presents the details of the purchased intangible assets acquired in the above 2008, 2007 and 2006 acquisitions. All purchased intangible assets are amortized using the straight-line method. See Note 4, Goodwill and Purchased Intangible Assets, for further discussion.
Technology | Customer Relationships |
Other | Total | ||||||||||||||||
Estimated Useful Life (in Years) |
Amount | Estimated Useful Life (in Years) |
Amount | Estimated Useful Life (in Years) |
Amount | Amount | |||||||||||||
(in thousands, except years) | |||||||||||||||||||
2008 |
|||||||||||||||||||
BSX |
| $ | | 17-25 | $ | 2,500 | Indefinite | (1) | $ | 49,800 | $ | 52,300 | |||||||
IDCG |
| | | | Indefinite | (2) | 25,788 | 25,788 | |||||||||||
Total for 2008 |
$ | | $ | 2,500 | $ | 75,588 | $ | 78,088 | |||||||||||
2007 |
|||||||||||||||||||
Directors Desk |
4.5 | $ | 750 | 20 | $ | 910 | | $ | | $ | 1,660 | ||||||||
2006 |
|||||||||||||||||||
Shareholder.com |
5 | $ | 959 | 11 | $ | 6,800 | Indefinite | (3) | $ | 2,400 | $ | 10,159 | |||||||
GlobeNewswire |
5 | 1,600 | 11 | 3,100 | 3-5 | (4) | 470 | 5,170 | |||||||||||
Total for 2006 |
$ | 2,559 | $ | 9,900 | $ | 2,870 | $ | 15,329 | |||||||||||
(1) | Includes SRO and clearing licenses which we determined to have an indefinite estimated useful life. |
(2) | Includes derivative clearing license for interest rate swaps which we determined to have an indefinite estimated useful life. |
(3) | Represents the Shareholder.com trade name which we determined to have an indefinite estimated useful life. |
(4) | Includes non-compete agreements which have estimated useful lives of 3 years and the PrimeNewswire tradename which we determined to have an estimated useful life of 5 years. In the third quarter 2008, we wrote down the PrimeNewswire finite-lived trade name intangible asset used in our newswire services business of $0.2 million as we changed the name of the business to GlobeNewswire. This charge was included in asset impairment charges in the Consolidated Statements of Income in 2008. See Note 4, Goodwill and Purchased Intangible Assets, for further discussion. |
4. Goodwill and Purchased Intangible Assets
Goodwill
The following table presents the changes in goodwill by business segment during the year ended December 31, 2008:
Market Services |
Issuer Services |
Market Technology |
Total | |||||||||||||
(in thousands) | ||||||||||||||||
Balance at December 31, 2007 |
$ | 911,179 | $ | 69,557 | $ | | $ | 980,736 | ||||||||
Goodwill acquired |
3,911,158 | 238,720 | 41,253 | 4,191,131 | ||||||||||||
Purchase accounting adjustments |
71,445 | 4,022 | 61,359 | 136,826 | ||||||||||||
Foreign currency translation adjustment |
(734,644 | ) | (57,139 | ) | (24,488 | ) | (816,271 | ) | ||||||||
Balance at December 31, 2008 |
$ | 4,159,138 | $ | 255,160 | $ | 78,124 | $ | 4,492,422 | ||||||||
F-40
The goodwill acquired and purchase accounting adjustments for Market Services, Issuer Services and Market Technology shown above relate to our business combination with OMX AB. In addition, the goodwill acquired for Market Services includes the goodwill related to our acquisitions of PHLX and BSX and the Nord Pool transaction. See Note 3, Business Combinations, for further discussion. The purchase accounting adjustments for Market Services consist of direct acquisition costs, technology write-downs, additional severance costs related to former OMX AB employees, additional sublease loss reserves, and a reduction in the fair value of certain assets acquired. The purchase accounting adjustments for Issuer Services consist of direct acquisition costs and additional severance costs related to former OMX AB employees, and the purchase accounting adjustments for Market Technology consist of write-downs of customer contracts, technology write-downs, direct acquisition costs and additional severance costs related to former OMX AB employees. Goodwill is allocated to the reporting units based on the assignment of the fair values of each reporting unit of the acquired company. As we finalize the factors and assumptions that we obtained to determine the values assigned to each segment, our OMX goodwill segment allocation was revised during 2008.
Purchased Intangible Assets
The following table presents details of our total purchased intangible assets, both finite- and indefinite-lived:
December 31, 2008 | December 31, 2007 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Gross Carrying Amount |
Accumulated Amortization |
Net Intangible Assets |
Gross Carrying Amount |
Accumulated Amortization |
Net Intangible Assets | |||||||||||||||||
(in thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Technology |
$ | 81,969 | $ | (36,801 | ) | $ | 45,168 | $ | 29,409 | $ | (20,682 | ) | $ | 8,727 | ||||||||
Customer relationships |
817,260 | (75,632 | ) | 741,628 | 206,410 | (37,076 | ) | 169,334 | ||||||||||||||
Other |
7,333 | (3,312 | ) | 4,021 | 3,240 | (2,089 | ) | 1,151 | ||||||||||||||
Foreign currency translation adjustment |
(93,496 | ) | | (93,496 | ) | | | | ||||||||||||||
Total Finite-Lived Intangible Assets |
$ | 813,066 | $ | (115,745 | ) | $ | 697,321 | $ | 239,059 | $ | (59,847 | ) | $ | 179,212 | ||||||||
Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Exchange and clearing registrations |
$ | 790,000 | $ | | $ | 790,000 | $ | | $ | | $ | | ||||||||||
Trade names(1) |
172,500 | | 172,500 | 2,400 | | 2,400 | ||||||||||||||||
Licenses(2) |
75,588 | | 75,588 | | | | ||||||||||||||||
Foreign currency translation adjustment |
(152,545 | ) | | (152,545 | ) | | | | ||||||||||||||
Total Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets |
$ | 885,543 | $ | | $ | 885,543 | $ | 2,400 | $ | | $ | 2,400 | ||||||||||
Total Intangible Assets |
$ | 1,698,609 | $ | (115,745 | ) | $ | 1,582,864 | $ | 241,459 | $ | (59,847 | ) | $ | 181,612 | ||||||||
(1) | Includes trade names for OMX and Shareholder.com which we have determined to have an indefinite useful life as these trade names are expected to generate future cash flows for an indefinite period of time. |
(2) | Includes IDCG derivative clearing license for interest rate swaps and BSX SRO and clearing licenses. |
In accordance with SFAS 144, we record impairment losses on long-lived assets used in operations when events and circumstances indicate that long-lived assets might be impaired and the undiscounted cash flows estimated to be generated by those assets are less than the carrying amounts of those assets. In the third quarter 2008, due to a current period operating loss and a projection of future cash flow losses due to lower contract rates for our insurance agency business, which is part of Corporate Services within our Issuer Services segment, we evaluated the ongoing value of the intangible assets associated with this business. Based on this evaluation, we determined that finite-lived intangible assets, consisting primarily of customer relationships and technology, with a carrying value of approximately $7.1 million, were no longer recoverable and were in fact impaired, and wrote them down to their estimated fair value of zero. The risk-adjusted discount rates used to compute the present value of the expected net cash flows of individual intangible assets were based on Carpenter Moores weighted average cost of capital, which ranged from 14.5% to 16.9%. These discount rates were determined after consideration of Carpenter Moores rate of return on debt and equity and the weighted-average return on invested capital. In addition, we wrote down the finite-lived trade name intangible asset used in our newswire services business of $0.2 million in the third quarter of 2008 as we changed the name of the business to GlobeNewswire. We recorded these impairment losses in asset impairment charges in the Consolidated Statements of Income for the year ended December 31, 2008.
F-41
Amortization expense for purchased finite-lived intangible assets was $47.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2008, $19.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2007 and $31.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2006. The increase in amortization expense in 2008 compared to 2007 was primarily due to intangible asset amortization expense on identifiable finite-lived intangible assets purchased in connection with the OMX AB business combination and PHLX acquisition from the date of each acquisition. The decrease in amortization expense in 2007 compared with 2006 was primarily due to a change in the estimated useful life of technology assets in December 2005 as a result of our acquisition of INET and migration to a single trading platform. These assets were fully amortized in 2006.
The estimated future amortization expense (excluding the impact of future foreign exchange rate changes) of purchased intangible assets as of December 31, 2008 is as follows:
(in thousands) | |||
2009 |
$ | 62,851 | |
2010 |
58,033 | ||
2011 |
45,391 | ||
2012 |
42,917 | ||
2013 |
42,555 | ||
2014 and thereafter |
539,070 | ||
Total |
$ | 790,817 | |
5. Equity Method Investments
We have investments in companies accounted for under the equity method of accounting which were primarily acquired through the business combination with OMX AB and the NASDAQ Dubai transaction. The equity method of accounting is used when we own less than 50% of the outstanding voting stock, but exercise significant influence over the operating and financial policies of the company.
We have $207.4 million of equity interest in our equity method investments, which consist primarily of NASDAQ Dubai and Orc Software, included in other assets in the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2008. Income recognized from our equity interest in the earnings and losses of these companies was $1.3 million for 2008 and is included in income from unconsolidated investees, net in the Consolidated Statements of Income. For NASDAQ Dubai, we record our equity interest in the earnings and losses of this company on a quarter lag.
NASDAQ Dubai is a related party, as NASDAQ Dubai is primarily owned by Borse Dubai, who through the completion of the Transactions, owns 19.99% of the share capital of NASDAQ OMX, in addition to shares held by the Trust for their benefit.
In accordance with APB 18, we evaluated our equity method investments for other-than-temporary declines in value by considering a variety of factors such as the earnings capacity of the investment and the fair value of the investment compared to its carrying amount. In addition, for investments where the market value is readily determinable, we consider the underlying stock price as an additional factor. As of December 31, 2008, we have not recognized other-than-temporary declines in value on these investments.
6. Property and Equipment, net
The following table presents the major categories of property and equipment, net:
December 31, | ||||||||
2008 | 2007 | |||||||
(in thousands) | ||||||||
Data processing equipment and software |
$ | 258,328 | $ | 112,152 | ||||
Furniture, equipment and leasehold improvements |
164,679 | 96,490 | ||||||
423,007 | 208,642 | |||||||
Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization |
(240,064 | ) | (144,119 | ) | ||||
Total property and equipment, net |
$ | 182,943 | $ | 64,523 | ||||
Depreciation and amortization expense for property and equipment was $44.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2008, $19.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2007 and $13.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2006. These amounts are included in depreciation and amortization expense in the Consolidated Statements of Income.
As of December 31, 2008 and 2007, we do not own any properties. See Real Estate Consolidation, of Note 22, Cost Reduction Program and INET Integration, for further discussion.
F-42
7. Financial Investments, at Fair Value
Financial investments, at fair value were $227.3 million as of December 31, 2008 and are primarily comprised of Swedish government debt securities. These securities, which are classified as trading securities, are restricted assets to meet regulatory capital requirements for NASDAQ OMX Stockholm clearing operations.
Investment in the LSE
During 2006 and 2007, Nasdaq, through its wholly-owned subsidiary Nightingale Acquisition Limited, or NAL, acquired share capital of the LSE, totaling 28.4%, or 28.8% after taking into effect LSEs buybacks.
In November 2006, we announced the terms of final offers to acquire all of the ordinary share capital of the LSE not already owned by us at a price of 1,243 pence per share and all of the B share capital of LSE at a price of 200 pence (plus accrued dividend) per share. In order to hedge the foreign currency exposure on our acquisition bid for the LSE, we purchased foreign currency option contracts. See Note 17, Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedging Activities, for further discussion. These final offers lapsed on February 10, 2007.
During 2007, we incurred costs, such as legal and advisory, of $26.5 million in connection with our strategic initiatives related to the LSE, including our acquisition bid. In conjunction with the lapse of our final offers for the LSE in February 2007, these costs were charged to expense in 2007, of which $24.9 million was expensed in the first quarter of 2007 and $1.6 million was expensed in the second quarter 2007. These costs are included in strategic initiative costs in the Consolidated Statements of Income.
On September 25, 2007, Nasdaq, through NAL, sold shares, representing at that time 28.0% of the share capital of the LSE, to Borse Dubai for $1,590.7 million in cash. Nasdaq sold the substantial balance of its remaining holdings in the LSE in open market transactions for approximately $193.5 million in cash on September 26, 2007 for total proceeds of $1,784.2 million. As a result of the sale, Nasdaq recognized a $431.4 million pre-tax gain, which is net of $18.0 million of costs directly related to the sale, primarily broker fees. On September 28, 2007, Nasdaq used approximately $1,055.5 million of the proceeds from the above transactions to repay in full and terminate our then-outstanding credit facilities.
8. Deferred Revenue
We estimate that our deferred revenue at December 31, 2008 primarily related to Global Listing Services and Market Technology fees and will be recognized in the following years. The timing of recognition of our deferred Market Technology revenues is dependent upon when significant modifications are made pursuant to the contracts. As such, as it relates to these fees, the timing represents our best estimate.
Initial Listing Fees |
Listing of Additional Shares |
Annual and Other |
Market Technology |
Total | |||||||||||
(As Adjusted) (in thousands) | |||||||||||||||
Fiscal year ended: |
|||||||||||||||
2009 |
$ | 19,351 | $ | 33,154 | $ | 21,132 | $ | 24,132 | $ | 97,769 | |||||
2010 |
15,599 | 23,583 | 30 | 17,664 | 56,876 | ||||||||||
2011 |
11,366 | 13,664 | | 17,664 | 42,694 | ||||||||||
2012 |
7,183 | 3,820 | | 17,664 | 28,667 | ||||||||||
2013 |
3,217 | | | 16,166 | 19,383 | ||||||||||
2014 and thereafter |
613 | | | 6,822 | 7,435 | ||||||||||
$ | 57,329 | $ | 74,221 | $ | 21,162 | $ | 100,112 | $ | 252,824 | ||||||
Our deferred revenue during the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007 is reflected in the following table. The additions primarily reflect Issuer Services revenues from listing fees and Market Technology revenues from delivered client contracts in the support phase charged during the period, as well as Market Technology deferred revenue related to the contribution of technology licenses to NASDAQ Dubai. Under contract accounting, where customization and significant modifications to the software are made to meet the needs of our customers, total revenue as well as costs incurred are deferred until these contracts are delivered and billed. Once delivered and billed, deferred revenue is recognized over the post contract support period. We have included the deferral of this revenue in other accrued liabilities and the deferral of costs in other assets in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
F-43
OMXs beginning balances since the date of the business combination have been included in additions. The amortization primarily reflects Issuer Services revenues from listing fees and Market Technology revenues including revenues earned from the technology licenses contributed to NASDAQ Dubai and from client contracts recognized during the period in accordance with U.S. GAAP.
Initial Listing Fees |
Listing of Additional Shares |
Annual and Other |
Market Technology |
Total | ||||||||||||||||
(As Adjusted) (in thousands) |
||||||||||||||||||||
Balance at December 31, 2006 |
$ | 71,054 | $ | 73,829 | $ | 2,208 | $ | | $ | 147,091 | ||||||||||
Additions |
22,304 | 46,119 | 153,105 | | 221,528 | |||||||||||||||
Amortization |
(22,150 | ) | (40,566 | ) | (151,321 | ) | | (214,037 | ) | |||||||||||
Balance at December 31, 2007 |
$ | 71,208 | $ | 79,382 | $ | 3,992 | $ | | $ | 154,582 | ||||||||||
Additions |
8,187 | 34,996 | 203,928 | 134,406 | 381,517 | |||||||||||||||
Amortization |
(22,066 | ) | (40,157 | ) | (184,796 | ) | (21,114 | ) | (268,133 | ) | ||||||||||
Translation adjustment |
| | (1,962 | ) | (13,180 | ) | (15,142 | ) | ||||||||||||
Balance at December 31, 2008 |
$ | 57,329 | $ | 74,221 | $ | 21,162 | $ | 100,112 | $ | 252,824 | ||||||||||
9. Debt Obligations
The following table presents the changes in our debt obligations during the year ended December 31, 2008:
December 31, 2007 |
Additions | Payments, Conversions, Accretion and Other |
December 31, 2008 |
||||||||||||
(As Adjusted) (in thousands) |
|||||||||||||||
3.75% convertible notes due October 22, 2012 (net of discount) |
$ | 118,438 | $ | | $ | 318 | $ | 118,756 | |||||||
2.50% convertible senior notes due August 15, 2013 (1) (2) |
| 390,187 | 10,918 | 401,105 | |||||||||||
$2,000.0 million senior secured term loan facility credit agreement due February 27, 2013 (average interest rate of 4.85% (3) for the period February 27, 2008 through December 31, 2008) |
| 2,000,000 | (75,000 | ) | 1,925,000 | ||||||||||
Debt obligations assumed from the business combination with OMX AB(4) |
| 352,918 | (352,918 | ) | | ||||||||||
Debt obligations assumed from the Nord Pool transaction(5) |
| 79,083 | 79,083 | ||||||||||||
Total debt obligations |
118,438 | 2,822,188 | (416,682 | ) | 2,523,944 | ||||||||||
Less current portion |
| (225,000 | ) | | (225,000 | ) | |||||||||
Total long-term debt obligations |
$ | 118,438 | $ | 2,597,188 | $ | (416,682 | ) | $ | 2,298,944 | ||||||
(1) | As adjusted for FSP APB 14-1. For further discussion, see Adoption of FSP APB No. 14-1, of 2.50% Convertible Senior Notes below. |
(2) | The increase of $10.9 million is related to the accretion of debt discount. For further discussion, see Adoption of FSP APB No. 14-1, of 2.50% Convertible Senior Notes below. |
(3) | In the third quarter 2008, $200.0 million was swapped to fixed rate using float-to-fixed interest rate swaps. As of December 31, 2008, taking into account these swaps, the average effective interest rate on this debt was 4.85%. For further discussion, see Interest Rate Swap, of Credit Facilities below. |
(4) | OMX ABs debt obligations were refinanced with a combination of proceeds from the issuance of the 2.50% convertible senior notes and credit facilities. |
(5) | Our debt obligations assumed in the Nord Pool transaction are denominated in NOK and totaled 550 million NOK at December 31, 2008, of which 450 million NOK was a vendor note issued to the previous owners of Nord Pool and 100 million NOK was subordinated debt. |
3.75% Convertible Notes
The 3.75% convertible notes were originally issued to H&F ($300.0 million), SLP ($141.4 million) and other partners ($3.6 million) in order to finance the INET transaction. These notes were convertible into our common stock at a price of $14.50 per share, representing 30,689,655 shares subject to adjustment, in general for any stock split, dividend, combination, recapitalization or similar event. We also issued warrants to purchase shares of our common stock at a price of $14.50 per share to H&F (3,400,000 shares), SLP (1,523,325 shares) and other partners (39,175 shares). The warrants became exercisable on April 22, 2006 and would have expired on December 8, 2008, the third anniversary of the closing of the INET acquisition. See discussion of conversion of the 3.75% convertible notes and exercise of warrants below.
F-44
Conversion of the 3.75% Convertible Notes and exercise of warrants
In the fourth quarter of 2007, H&F sold its entire stake in our common stock in a public offering which included (i) shares issued through the conversion of the 3.75% convertible notes, (ii) shares acquired through the cashless exercise of warrants and (iii) shares held outright by H&F, which were previously purchased from us in a separate transaction. Also in the fourth quarter of 2007, SLP and other partners sold 1,732,491 shares of our common stock. The shares sold by SLP and other partners consisted of a portion of shares issued through the conversion of the 3.75% convertible notes issued to SLP and other partners, and the cashless exercise of a portion of the warrants issued to other partners. As of December 31, 2007, approximately $120.1 million in aggregate principal amount of the 3.75% convertible notes remained outstanding.
In 2008, SLP converted 2,000 shares of the 3.75% convertible notes and exercised 1,523,325 warrants into common stock for cash. As part of this cash exercise, SLP paid us $22.1 million. In addition, other partners also exercised 16,164 warrants through a cashless exercise. As part of this cashless exercise, the other partners delivered to us 10,037 shares of our common stock. Approximately $120.1 million ($118.6 million related to SLP and $1.5 million related to other partners) in aggregate principal amount of the 3.75% convertible notes remained outstanding as of December 31, 2008. At December 31, 2008, there were no warrants outstanding.
On an as-converted basis at December 31, 2008, SLP owned an approximate 3.9% equity interest in us as a result of its ownership of $118.6 million in aggregate principal amount of the 3.75% convertible notes, which are convertible into 8,177,715 shares of our common stock. We have registered for resale the shares underlying SLPs and other partners notes on a Form S-3 registration statement.
2.50% Convertible Senior Notes
During the first quarter of 2008, in connection with the business combination with OMX AB, we completed the offering of $475 million aggregate principal amount of 2.50% convertible senior notes due 2013. The interest rate on the notes is 2.50% per annum payable semi-annually in arrears on February 15 and August 15, beginning August 15, 2008. The notes will mature on August 15, 2013.
The notes are convertible in certain circumstances specified in the indenture for the notes. Upon conversion, holders will receive, at the election of NASDAQ OMX, cash, common stock or a combination of cash and common stock. It is our current intent and policy to settle the principal amount of the notes in cash. The conversion rate will initially be 18.1386 shares of common stock per $1,000 principal amount of notes, which is equivalent to a conversion price of approximately $55.13 per share of common stock. At December 31, 2008, the 2.50% convertible senior notes are convertible into 8,615,999 shares of our common stock, subject to adjustment upon the occurrence of specified events. Subject to certain exceptions, if we undergo a fundamental change as described in the indenture, holders may require us to purchase their notes at a price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the notes, plus accrued and unpaid interest.
Adoption of FSP APB No. 14-1
On January 1, 2009, we adopted FSP APB No. 14-1 which is applicable to our 2.50% convertible senior notes since the settlement structure of the notes permits settlement in cash upon conversion. The guidance requires us to separately account for the liability and equity components of the convertible debt in a manner that reflects our nonconvertible debt borrowing rate when interest cost is recognized in subsequent periods. The guidance requires bifurcation of a component of the debt, classification of that component in equity and then accretion of the resulting discount on the debt as part of interest expense being reflected in the income statement. The guidance requires retrospective application to all periods presented. See FASB Staff Position APB No. 14-1, of Note 2, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, for the incremental effects of adopting FSP APB No. 14-1. The total pre-tax amount that was bifurcated and classified as a component of equity was $85 million at inception. For the twelve months ended December 31, 2008, accretion of $10.9 million was recorded as interest expense with a corresponding increase recorded to debt obligations. For the twelve months ended December 31, 2008, contractual interest expense of $10.0 million was recorded as interest expense in the Consolidated Statements of Income. The effective annual interest rate on the 2.50% convertible senior notes was 6.53% for the twelve months ended December 31, 2008.
Debt Issuance Costs
In conjunction with the issuance of the 2.50% convertible senior notes, we incurred debt issuance costs of $9.6 million. These costs, which are capitalized and included in other assets in the Consolidated Balance Sheets, are being amortized over the life of the debt obligation. Amortization expense, which was recorded as additional interest expense, was $1.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2008.
Credit Facilities
In connection with the business combination with OMX AB, on February 27, 2008, NASDAQ OMX entered into a credit agreement among NASDAQ OMX, as borrower, the financial institutions party thereto as lenders, Bank of America, N.A., as
F-45
administrative agent, collateral agent, swingline lender and issuing bank, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as syndication agent, Bank of America Securities LLC and JP Morgan Securities Inc., as joint lead arrangers and joint bookrunners, and Wachovia Bank, National Association, as documentation agent. The credit agreement provides for up to $2,075.0 million of senior secured loans, which include (i) a five-year, $2,000.0 million senior secured term loan facility, or the Term Loan Facility, which consists of (a) a $1,050.0 million term loan facility allocated to the OMX AB business combination; (b) a $650.0 million term loan facility allocated to the acquisition of PHLX, and (c) a $300.0 million term loan facility allocated to the Nord Pool transaction, and (ii) a five-year, $75.0 million senior secured revolving credit facility, with a letter of credit subfacility and swingline loan subfacility, or the Revolving Credit Facility, and together with the Term Loan Facility, the Credit Facilities. The Revolving Credit Facility was undrawn as of December 31, 2008.
In addition, NASDAQ OMX may request that prospective additional lenders under the Credit Facilities agree to make available incremental term loans and incremental revolving commitments from time to in an aggregate amount not to exceed $200.0 million.
In addition to financing the business combination with OMX AB, the acquisition of PHLX and the Nord Pool transaction, we are using the debt financing under the Credit Facilities to pay fees and expenses incurred in connection with such transactions and repay certain indebtedness of OMX AB.
Borrowings under the Credit Facilities (other than swingline loans) bear interest at (i) the base rate (the higher of the prime rate announced by the Bank of America, N.A, and the federal funds effective rate plus 0.50%), plus an applicable margin, or (ii) the LIBO rate (set by the British Bankers Association LIBOR Rate), plus an applicable margin. The interest rate on swingline loans made under the Credit Facilities is the base rate, plus an applicable margin.
NASDAQ OMXs obligations under the Credit Facilities (i) are guaranteed by each of the existing and future direct and indirect material wholly-owned domestic subsidiaries of NASDAQ OMX, subject to certain exceptions, and (ii) are secured, subject to certain exceptions, by all the capital stock of each of our present and future subsidiaries (limited, in the case of foreign subsidiaries, to 65.0% of the voting stock of such subsidiaries) and all of the present and future property and assets (real and personal) of NASDAQ OMX and the guarantors.
The Credit Facilities contain customary negative covenants applicable to NASDAQ OMX and its subsidiaries, including the following:
| limitations on the payment of dividends and redemptions of NASDAQ OMXs capital stock; |
| limitations on changes in NASDAQ OMXs business; |
| limitations on amendment of subordinated debt agreements; |
| limitations on prepayments, redemptions and repurchases of debt; |
| limitations on liens and sale-leaseback transactions; |
| limitations on business combinations, recapitalizations, acquisitions and asset sales; |
| limitations on transactions with affiliates; |
| limitations on restrictions on liens and other restrictive agreements; and |
| limitations on loans, guarantees, investments, incurrence of debt and hedging arrangements. |
In addition, the Credit Facilities contain financial covenants, specifically, maintenance of a minimum interest expense coverage ratio and a maximum total leverage ratio, as defined in the Credit Facilities.
The Credit Facilities also contain customary affirmative covenants, including access to financial statements, notice of defaults and certain other material events, maintenance of business and insurance, and events of default, including cross-defaults to our material indebtedness.
NASDAQ OMX is permitted to repay borrowings under the Credit Facilities at any time in whole or in part, without penalty. We also are required to repay loans outstanding under the Credit Facilities (i) with net cash proceeds from sales of property and assets of NASDAQ OMX and its subsidiaries (excluding inventory sales and other sales in the ordinary course of business) and casualty and condemnation proceeds, in each case subject to exceptions and thresholds to be agreed and subject to reinvestment rights; (ii) with net cash proceeds from the issuance or incurrence of additional indebtedness other than indebtedness permitted by the Credit Facilities; and (iii) with a percentage of our excess cash flow, and the percentage of such excess cash flow required to be used for repayments varies depending on our leverage ratio at the end of the year for which cash flow is calculated, starting in 2008, with the maximum repayment percentage set at 50.0% of excess cash flow.
F-46
Interest Rate Swap
Under the provisions of our Credit Facilities, we are required to maintain approximately 30% of our debt structure on a fixed rate basis for two years from the date of the credit agreement. As such, in August 2008, we entered into interest rate swap agreements that effectively converted $200.0 million of funds borrowed under our Credit Facilities, which is floating rate debt, to a fixed rate basis through August 2011. The interest rate swap was fixed to a LIBOR base rate of 3.73% plus the current credit spread of 200 basis points as of December 31, 2008. The credit spread (not to exceed 200 basis points) is subject to change based upon the leverage ratio in accordance with the Credit Facilities. See Note 17, Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedging Activities, for further discussion.
Debt Issuance Costs
In conjunction with our Credit Facilities, we incurred debt issuance costs of $43.7 million. These costs, which are capitalized and included in other assets in the Consolidated Balance Sheets, are being amortized over the life of the debt obligation. Amortization expense which was recorded as additional interest expense was $6.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2008.
At December 31, 2008, we were in compliance with the covenants of all of our debt obligations.
In addition to the $75.0 million Revolving Credit Facility discussed above, we have credit facilities related to our clearinghouses in order to meet regulatory liquidity requirements. These credit facilities, which are available in multiple currencies, primarily Swedish Krona, totaled $245.8 million at December 31, 2008, of which $4.4 million was drawn and was included in other accrued liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
10. Income Taxes
The income tax provision consists of the following amounts:
Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||
2008 | 2007 | 2006 | |||||||||
As Adjusted | |||||||||||
(in thousands) | |||||||||||
Current income taxes: |
|||||||||||
Federal |
$ | 220,240 | $ | 256,738 | $ | 61,789 | |||||
State |
49,462 | 34,030 | 9,526 | ||||||||
Foreign |
35,727 | 316 | 533 | ||||||||
Total current income taxes |
305,429 | 291,084 | 71,848 | ||||||||
Deferred income taxes: |
|||||||||||
Federal |
(61,622 | ) | (13,310 | ) | 9,264 | ||||||
State |
(13,768 | ) | (2,272 | ) | 4,140 | ||||||
Foreign |
(32,074 | ) | | | |||||||
Total deferred income taxes |
(107,464 | ) | (15,582 | ) | 13,404 | ||||||
Total income tax provision |
$ | 197,965 | $ | 275,502 | $ | 85,252 | |||||
U.S. federal taxes have not been provided on undistributed earnings of certain non-U.S. subsidiaries to the extent such earnings will be reinvested abroad for an indefinite period of time. At December 31, 2008 the cumulative amount of undistributed earnings in these subsidiaries is approximately $79.4 million. At this time it is not practicable to determine the income tax liability that would result upon the repatriation of these earnings.
A reconciliation of the income tax provision, based on the U.S. federal statutory rate, to our actual income tax provision for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006 is as follows:
Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||
2008 | 2007 | 2006 | |||||||
As Adjusted | |||||||||
(in thousands) | |||||||||
Federal income tax provision at the statutory rate |
35.0 | % | 35.0 | % | 35.0 | % | |||
State income tax provision, net of federal effect |
4.5 | % | 2.6 | % | 4.2 | % | |||
Foreign income tax provision at a rate different than the federal rate |
(3.3 | )% | 0.0 | % | 0.2 | % | |||
Foreign asset impairment loss, not deductible for tax purposes |
1.9 | % | 0.0 | % | 0.0 | % | |||
Change in valuation allowance |
| (2.6 | )% | (0.1 | )% | ||||
Other, net |
0.6 | % | (0.3 | )% | 0.7 | % | |||
F-47
Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||
2008 | 2007 | 2006 | |||||||
(in thousands) | |||||||||
Actual income tax provision |
38.7 | % | 34.7 | % | 40.0 | % | |||
F-48
The temporary differences, which give rise to our deferred tax assets and (liabilities) consisted of the following:
December 31, | ||||||||
2008 | 2007 | |||||||
As Adjusted | ||||||||
(in thousands) | ||||||||
Deferred tax assets: |
||||||||
Deferred revenues |
$ | 37,198 | $ | 35,853 | ||||
U.S. federal net operating loss |
5,493 | | ||||||
Foreign net operating loss |
105,879 | 568 | ||||||
State net operating loss |
3,578 | | ||||||
Compensation and benefits |
42,976 | 20,942 | ||||||
Investments |
43,717 | | ||||||
Foreign currency translation |
436,600 | | ||||||
Lease reserves |
17,394 | 8,256 | ||||||
Provision for bad debts |
7,459 | 5,927 | ||||||
Tax credits |
4,919 | | ||||||
Other |
4,415 | 3,095 | ||||||
Gross deferred tax assets |
709,628 | 74,641 | ||||||
Deferred tax liabilities: |
||||||||
Amortization of software development costs and depreciation |
(17,596 | ) | (12,979 | ) | ||||
Amortization of acquired intangible assets |
(649,275 | ) | (68,436 | ) | ||||
Investments |
| (14,762 | ) | |||||
Adoption of FSP APB 14-1, net of accretion |
(29,226 | ) | | |||||
Other |
(19,346 | ) | (4,441 | ) | ||||
Gross deferred tax liabilities |
(715,443 | ) | (100,618 | ) | ||||
Net deferred tax assets (liabilities) before valuation allowance |
(5,815 | ) | (25,977 | ) | ||||
Less: valuation allowance |
(24,216 | ) | (568 | ) | ||||
Net deferred tax (liabilities) |
$ | (30,031 | ) | $ | (26,545 | ) | ||
A valuation allowance has been established with regards to the tax benefits associated with certain net operating losses, as it is more likely than not that these losses will not be realized in the future. The increase in the valuation allowance in 2008 primarily relates to amounts, associated with the business combination with OMX AB, that were recorded as a component of goodwill.
The U.S. federal net operating loss of $5.5 million, related to subsidiaries of OMX that are not included in our U.S. federal consolidated income tax return, will expire in years 2022-2023. Of the $105.9 million foreign net operating loss, $0.4 million will expire 2009 through 2012 and $105.5 million has no expiration date. Of the $3.6 million state net operating loss, $1.4 million will expire in years 2011-2012 and $2.2 million will expire in years 2028-2029.
The following represents the domestic and foreign components of income before income tax provision:
Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||
2008 | 2007 | 2006 | ||||||||
As Adjusted | ||||||||||
(in thousands) | ||||||||||
Domestic |
$ | 447,301 | $ | 417,665 | $ | 213,256 | ||||
Foreign |
65,417 | 376,238 | (111 | ) | ||||||
Income before income tax provision |
$ | 512,718 | $ | 793,903 | $ | 213,145 | ||||
In 2008, 2007 and 2006 we recorded income tax benefits of $5.3 million, $16.2 million and $24.8 million, respectively, primarily related to employee stock option exercises. These amounts were recorded to additional paid-in-capital in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
We are subject to examination by federal, state and local, and foreign tax authorities. We regularly assess the likelihood of additional assessments by each jurisdiction and have established tax reserves that we believe are adequate in relation to the potential for additional assessments. We believe that the resolution of tax matters will not have a material effect on our financial condition but may be material to our operating results for a particular period and upon the effective tax rate for that period.
F-49
We adopted the provisions of FIN 48 on January 1, 2007. As a result of the implementation of FIN 48, we recognized a $1.0 million increase to reserves for uncertain tax positions. This increase was accounted for as an adjustment to the beginning balance of retained earnings in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. At the adoption date of January 1, 2007, we had $9.2 million of unrecognized tax benefits of which $7.9 million would affect our effective tax rate if recognized. As of December 31, 2007, we had $7.6 million of unrecognized benefits of which $4.0 million would affect our effective tax rate if recognized. As of December 31, 2008, we had $9.2 million of unrecognized benefits of which $5.4 million would affect our effective tax rate if recognized.
A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits is as follows:
Year Ended December 31, |
||||||||
2008 | 2007 | |||||||
Beginning balance |
$ | 7,644 | $ | 9,232 | ||||
Additions as a result of tax positions taken in prior periods |
711 | 454 | ||||||
Additions as a result of tax positions taken in the current period |
911 | 1,487 | ||||||
Additions as a result of tax positions taken in prior years, related to acquired entities |
| 1,609 | ||||||
Reductions due to the lapse of applicable statute of limitations |
| (5,138 | ) | |||||
Reductions due to the settlement from tax authorities |
(79 | ) | | |||||
Ending balance |
$ | 9,187 | $ | 7,644 | ||||
Our policy is to recognize interest and/or penalties related to income tax matters in income tax expense. As of December 31, 2008, we had $3.1 million accrued for interest and penalties, net of tax effect. As of December 31, 2007, we had $2.7 million accrued for interest and penalties, net of tax effect.
NASDAQ OMX and its eligible subsidiaries file a consolidated U.S. federal income tax return and applicable state and local income tax returns and non-U.S. income tax returns. Federal income tax returns for years 2005-2007 are subject to examination by the Internal Revenue Service. Several state tax returns are currently under examination by the respective tax authorities for years 1996-2006 and are subject to examination for 2007. Non-U.S. tax returns are subject to review by the respective tax authorities for years 2002-2007. We anticipate that the amount of unrecognized tax benefits at December 31, 2008 will significantly decrease in the next twelve months as we expect to settle certain tax audits. The final outcome of such audits can not yet be determined. We anticipate that such adjustments will not have a material impact on our consolidated financial position or results of operations.
11. Employee Benefits
We maintain a non-contributory, defined-benefit pension plan named The NASDAQ OMX Group, Inc. Pension Plan, or Pension Plan, and a non-qualified SERP, for certain senior executives and other benefit plans for eligible employees in the U.S., or collectively, the NASDAQ OMX Benefit Plans.
We also provide subsidized medical benefits to a closed group of retirees and their eligible dependents, as well as a flat $5,000 of life insurance to all retirees, who meet eligibility requirements through our post-retirement benefit plans.
In the first quarter of 2007, we announced that our Pension Plan and SERP were frozen effective May 1, 2007. Future service and salary for all participants do not count toward an accrual of benefits under the Pension Plan and SERP after April 30, 2007. All of the other features of the Pension Plan and SERP remain unchanged. As a result of the Pension Plan and SERP freeze, a curtailment gain of approximately $6.1 million was recognized in compensation and benefits expense in the Consolidated Statements of Income for the year ended December 31, 2007. Additionally, as a result of the Pension Plan and SERP freeze, there was a $12.6 million reduction in our December 31, 2007 year end benefit obligation since future service and salary for all participants no longer count toward the accrual of benefits. This reduction was a component of the total underfunded status of the Pension and SERP Plans that is included in other liabilities and accrued personnel costs in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Benefit Plans Assumed from PHLX
Upon completion of our acquisition of PHLX on July 24, 2008, we assumed the obligations related to a non-contributory, defined-benefit pension plan, or the NASDAQ OMX PHLX Pension Plan, a Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan, or the NASDAQ OMX PHLX SERP, for certain key executives, and a post-retirement benefit plan, which provides certain health care and life insurance benefits for retired employees, or collectively, the NASDAQ OMX PHLX Benefit Plans. The benefits payable under the NASDAQ OMX PHLX Pension Plan are based primarily on years of service and on an employees average salary over the employees career with NASDAQ OMX PHLX.
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The NASDAQ OMX PHLX SERP, which was unfunded, was frozen on July 24, 2008. Future service and salary for the NASDAQ OMX PHLX SERP plan participants do not count toward an accrual of benefits under the NASDAQ OMX PHLX SERP after July 24, 2008. In addition, effective December 31, 2008, the NASDAQ OMX PHLX Pension Plan was frozen. Future service and salary for all participants will not count toward an accrual of benefits under the NASDAQ OMX PHLX Pension Plan after December 31, 2008.
The benefit obligation as of the measurement date (July 23, 2008) for the NASDAQ OMX PHLX Benefit Plans was approximately $50.1 million. The fair value of plan assets as of the measurement date was approximately $24.7 million and the under funded status of the plan was approximately $25.4 million. The total under funded status of the NASDAQ OMX PHLX Benefit Plans of $25.4 million is included in other liabilities and accrued personnel costs in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Components of Net Periodic Benefit Cost
The following table sets forth the components of net periodic pension, SERP and post-retirement benefits cost from both the NASDAQ OMX Benefit Plans and the NASDAQ OMX PHLX Benefit Plans recognized in compensation and benefits expense in the Consolidated Statements of Income. The NASDAQ OMX PHLX benefit costs are from the date of acquisition:
Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
2008 | 2007 | 2006 | ||||||||||
(in thousands) | ||||||||||||
Components of net periodic benefit cost |
||||||||||||
Service cost |
$ | 1,023 | $ | 2,302 | $ | 6,777 | ||||||
Interest cost |
4,303 | 3,492 | 3,998 | |||||||||
Expected return on plan assets |
(3,422 | ) | (2,797 | ) | (2,831 | ) | ||||||
Amortization of unrecognized transition asset |
12 | (37 | ) | (46 | ) | |||||||
Recognized net actuarial loss |
204 | 608 | 1,269 | |||||||||
Prior service cost recognized |
| (191 | ) | (510 | ) | |||||||
Settlement loss recognized |
| 905 | 443 | |||||||||
Curtailment gain |
(759 | ) | (6,028 | ) | | |||||||
Benefit cost (gain) |
$ | 1,361 | $ | (1,746 | ) | $ | 9,100 | |||||
Benefit Obligations and Funded Status of the NASDAQ OMX Benefit Plans
The following table provides a reconciliation of the changes in the benefit obligations, the plan assets and the funded status of the NASDAQ OMX Benefit Plans. For a reconciliation of the changes in benefit obligations, the plan assets and the funded status of the NASDAQ OMX PHLX Benefit Plans, see below.
2008 | 2007 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Pension | SERP | Post- retirement |
Total | Pension | SERP | Post- retirement |
Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
(in thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Change in benefit obligation |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Benefit obligation at beginning of year |
$ | 38,394 | $ | 16,083 | $ | 494 | $ | 54,971 | $ | 60,743 | $ | 14,392 | $ | 673 | $ | 75,808 | ||||||||||||||||
Service cost |
| | 21 | 21 | 1,664 | 620 | 18 | 2,302 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Interest cost |
2,231 | 935 | 25 | 3,191 | 2,588 | 876 | 28 | 3,492 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Actuarial losses (gains) |
866 | (211 | ) | 56 | 711 | 245 | 359 | (185 | ) | 419 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Benefits paid |
(2,016 | ) | (580 | ) | (143 | ) | (2,739 | ) | (7,646 | ) | (580 | ) | (24 | ) | (8,250 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
Curtailments |
| | | | (13,075 | ) | 435 | | (12,640 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Settlements |
| | | | (4,901 | ) | | | (4,901 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Gain due to change in discount rate |
(6,499 | ) | (238 | ) | (67 | ) | (6,804 | ) | (1,802 | ) | (287 | ) | (16 | ) | (2,105 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
Loss due to change in mortality rate |
| | | | 578 | 268 | | 846 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Benefit obligation at end of year |
32,976 | 15,989 | 386 | 49,351 | 38,394 | 16,083 | 494 | 54,971 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Change in plan assets |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year |
30,975 | | | 30,975 | 32,525 | | | 32,525 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Actual return on plan assets |
(7,418 | ) | | | (7,418 | ) | (352 | ) | | | (352 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Company contributions |
3,050 | 580 | 143 | 3,773 | 6,449 | | 24 | 6,473 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Employee contributions |
| | 155 | 155 | | 580 | 205 | 785 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Benefits paid |
(2,016 | ) | (580 | ) | (298 | ) | (2,894 | ) | (7,647 | ) | (580 | ) | (229 | ) | (8,456 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
Fair value of plan assets at end of year |
24,591 | | | 24,591 | 30,975 | | | 30,975 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Under funded status of the plan |
(8,385 | ) | (15,989 | ) | (386 | ) | (24,760 | ) | (7,419 | ) | (16,083 | ) | (494 | ) | (23,996 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
Accumulated benefit obligation |
$ | 32,976 | $ | 15,989 | $ | 386 | $ | 49,351 | $ | 38,394 | $ | 16,083 | $ | 494 | $ | 54,971 |
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The total under funded status of the NASDAQ OMX Benefit Plans of $24.8 million at December 31, 2008 and $24.0 million at December 31, 2007 are included in other liabilities and accrued personnel costs in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. No plan assets are expected to be returned to us during the year ending December 31, 2009.
NASDAQ OMX Benefit Plans Actuarial Assumptions
The following tables provide the weighted-average actuarial assumptions for the NASDAQ OMX Benefit Plans. For the weighted-average actuarial assumptions for the NASDAQ OMX PHLX Benefit Plans, see below.
Weighted-average assumptions used to determine benefit obligations at the end of the fiscal year:
2008 | 2007 | |||||
Discount rate: |
||||||
Pension |
7.00 | % | 6.00 | % | ||
SERP |
7.00 | % | 6.00 | % | ||
Post-retirement |
7.00 | % | 6.00 | % | ||
Rate of compensation increase: |
||||||
Pension(1) |
N/A | 4.50 | % | |||
SERP |
N/A | N/A | ||||
Post-retirement |
N/A | N/A |
Weighted-average assumptions used to determine net benefit cost for the fiscal year:
2008 | 2007 | 2006 | |||||||
Discount rate: |
|||||||||
Pension |
6.00 | % | 5.75 | % | 5.75 | % | |||
SERP |
6.00 | % | 5.75 | % | 5.75 | % | |||
Post-retirement |
6.00 | % | 5.75 | % | 5.75 | % | |||
Rate of compensation increase: |
|||||||||
Pension(1) |
N/A | 4.50 | % | 4.50 | % | ||||
SERP(1) |
N/A | 4.00 | % | 4.00 | % | ||||
Post-retirement |
N/A | N/A | N/A | ||||||
Expected return on plan assets: |
|||||||||
Pension |
8.50 | % | 8.50 | % | 8.50 | % | |||
SERP |
N/A | N/A | N/A | ||||||
Post-retirement |
N/A | N/A | N/A |
N/ANot applicable
(1) | For the year ended December 31, 2007, the compensation rate increase was calculated up to the Pension and SERP Plans freeze date of May 1, 2007. |
The assumptions above are used to develop the benefit obligations at fiscal year-end and to develop the net periodic benefit cost for the subsequent fiscal year. Therefore, the assumptions used to determine benefit obligations were established at each year-end while the assumptions used to determine net periodic benefit cost for each year are established at the end of each previous year.
The net periodic benefit obligations and the net periodic benefit cost are based on actuarial assumptions that are reviewed on an annual basis. We revise these assumptions based on an annual evaluation of long-term trends, as well as market conditions, which may have an impact on the cost of providing retirement benefits.
The weighted-average assumed healthcare cost trend rate used for post-retirement measurement purposes is 9.0% for 2009 and for the remaining life of the post-retirement medical plan, which will terminate when the last eligible participant (including spouses) reaches the age of 65. A one percent increase or decrease in the assumed healthcare cost trend would have an immaterial effect on the post-retirement service and interest cost and post-retirement benefit obligation.
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The investment policy and strategy of the plan assets, adopted by NASDAQ OMXs Pension and 401(k) Committee, is to provide for preservation of principal, both in nominal and real terms, in order to meet the long-term spending needs of the Pension Plan by investing assets per the target allocations stated below. Asset allocations are reviewed quarterly and adjusted, as appropriate, to remain within target allocations. The investment policy is reviewed on an annual basis, under the advisement of an investment consultant, to determine if the policy or asset allocation targets should be changed. The plan assets consisted of the following as of December 31:
Target Allocation | 2008 | 2007 | |||||||
Equity securities |
60.0 | % | 42.5 | % | 53.8 | % | |||
Debt securities and cash equivalents |
20.0 | % | 36.6 | 26.3 | |||||
Other investment strategies |
20.0 | % | 20.9 | 19.9 | |||||
Total |
100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | |||||
The expected rate of return on plan assets for our Pension Plan represents our long-term assessment of return expectations which may change based on significant shifts in economic and financial market conditions. The long-term rate of return on plan assets are derived from return assumptions determined for each of the above asset categories, weighted based on the current target allocation for each class. Equity securities are expected to return 7.0% to 9.0% over the long-term, other investment strategies are anticipated to yield between 6.0% and 8.0%, while cash and fixed-income is expected to return between 4.0% and 6.0%. While we considered the Pension Plans recent performance and other economic growth and inflation factors, which are supported by long-term historical data, the return expectations for each of these asset categories represents a long-term prospective return. Based on historical experience, the committee expects that the plans asset managers overall will provide a modest (1.0% per annum) premium to their respective market benchmark indexes.
Benefit Obligations and Funded Status of the NASDAQ OMX PHLX Benefit Plans
The following table provides a reconciliation of the changes in the benefit obligations, the plan assets and the funded status of the NASDAQ OMX PHLX Benefit Plans:
2008 | ||||||||||||||||
Pension | SERP | Post- retirement |
Total | |||||||||||||
(in thousands) | ||||||||||||||||
Change in benefit obligation |
||||||||||||||||
PHLXs benefit obligation at acquisition date |
$ | 29,907 | $ | 14,614 | $ | 10,495 | $ | 55,016 | ||||||||
Service cost |
732 | | 269 | 1,001 | ||||||||||||
Interest cost |
815 | | 297 | 1,112 | ||||||||||||
Actuarial losses (gains) |
(1,473 | ) | 355 | | (1,118 | ) | ||||||||||
Benefits paid |
(274 | ) | (909 | ) | (58 | ) | (1,241 | ) | ||||||||
Curtailments |
| | (759 | ) | (759 | ) | ||||||||||
Gain due to change in discount rate |
(1,716 | ) | (578 | ) | (491 | ) | (2,785 | ) | ||||||||
Benefit obligation at end of year |
27,991 | 13,482 | 9,753 | 51,226 | ||||||||||||
Change in plan assets |
||||||||||||||||
Fair value of plan assets at acquisition date |
24,736 | | | 24,736 | ||||||||||||
Actual return on plan assets |
(6,540 | ) | 909 | | (5,631 | ) | ||||||||||
Company contributions |
270 | | 58 | 328 | ||||||||||||
Employee contributions |
| | 9 | 9 | ||||||||||||
Benefits paid |
(274 | ) | (909 | ) | (67 | ) | (1,250 | ) | ||||||||
Fair value of plan assets at end of year |
18,192 | | | 18,192 | ||||||||||||
Under funded status of the plan |
(9,799 | ) | (13,482 | ) | (9,753 | ) | (33,034 | ) | ||||||||
Accumulated benefit obligation |
$ | 27,991 | $ | 13,482 | $ | 9,753 | $ | 51,226 |
The total under funded status of the NASDAQ OMX PHLX Benefit Plans of $33.0 million at December 31, 2008 is included in other liabilities and accrued personnel costs in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. No plan assets are expected to be returned to us during the year ending December 31, 2009.
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NASDAQ OMX PHLX Benefit Plans Actuarial Assumptions
The following tables provide the weighted-average actuarial assumptions for the NASDAQ OMX PHLX Benefit Plans:
Weighted-average assumptions used to determine benefit obligations at the end of the fiscal year:
2008 | |||
Discount rate: |
|||
Pension |
7.00 | % | |
SERP |
7.00 | % | |
Post-retirement |
7.00 | % |
Weighted-average assumptions used to determine net benefit cost for the fiscal year:
2008 | |||
Discount rate: |
|||
Pension |
6.60 | % | |
SERP |
6.50 | % | |
Post-retirement |
6.00 | % | |
Expected return on plan assets: |
|||
Pension |
8.00 | % | |
SERP |
N/A | ||
Post-retirement |
N/A |
N/ANot applicable
The asset allocations are reviewed quarterly by NASDAQ OMXs Pension and 401(k) Committee and adjusted, as appropriate, to remain within target allocations. The investment policy is reviewed on an annual basis, under the advisement of an investment consultant, to determine if the policy or asset allocation targets should be changed. The NASDAQ OMX PHLX Pension Plan assets consisted of the following as of December 31, 2008:
Target Allocation | 2008 | |||||
Equity securities |
65.0 | % | 59.7 | % | ||
Fixed-income securities |
30.0 | % | 40.2 | |||
Cash |
5.0 | % | 0.1 | |||
Total |
100.0 | % | ||||
The expected long-term rate of return on plan assets for the NASDAQ OMX PHLX Pension Plan is 8%, which is based on the aggregate historical returns of the investments that comprise the defined benefit plan portfolio. The investment strategy of the plan is to achieve an asset allocation balance within planned targets to preserve principal while obtaining an average 8% annual return for the long-term.
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
Accumulated other comprehensive income, as of December 31, 2008, consisted of the following amounts that have yet to be recognized in net periodic benefit costs for both the NASDAQ OMX and NASDAQ OMX PHLX Benefit Plans:
Pension | SERP | Post- retirement |
Total | |||||||||||||
(in thousands) | ||||||||||||||||
Unrecognized net actuarial (gain)/loss |
$ | 15,370 | $ | 2,464 | $ | (643 | ) | $ | 17,191 | |||||||
Unrecognized transition obligation |
| | 117 | 117 | ||||||||||||
Employee benefit adjustments |
15,370 | 2,464 | (526 | ) | 17,308 | |||||||||||
Income tax (expense)/benefit |
(4,265 | ) | (974 | ) | 238 | (5,001 | ) | |||||||||
Employee benefit adjustments, net of tax |
$ | 11,105 | $ | 1,490 | $ | (288 | ) | $ | 12,307 | |||||||
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Estimated Future Benefit Payments
We expect to make the following benefit payments to participants (includes both NASDAQ OMX and PHLX participants) in the next ten fiscal years:
Pension | SERP | Post- retirement |
Total | |||||||||
(in thousands) | ||||||||||||
Fiscal year ended: |
||||||||||||
2009 |
$ | 2,406 | $ | 1,775 | $ | 337 | $ | 4,518 | ||||
2010 |
2,425 | 4,433 | 384 | 7,242 | ||||||||
2011 |
3,647 | 1,970 | 509 | 6,126 | ||||||||
2012 |
3,551 | 5,710 | 688 | 9,949 | ||||||||
2013 |
3,661 | 1,895 | 731 | 6,287 | ||||||||
2014 through 2018 |
23,562 | 10,525 | 4,259 | 38,346 | ||||||||
$ | 39,252 | $ | 26,308 | $ | 6,908 | $ | 72,468 | |||||
NonU.S. Benefit Plans
Most employees outside the U.S. are covered by local retirement plans or by applicable social laws. Benefits under social laws are generally expensed in the periods in which the costs are incurred. These costs are included in compensation and benefits expense in the Consolidated Statements of Income.
As part of the Nord Pool transaction, we assumed the obligation for several pension plans providing benefits for their employees. Employees covered under these pension plans are entitled to defined future pension benefits based on the number of years of employment and pay at retirement age. The measurement date of the plan obligations is December 31. At December 31, 2008, the projected benefit obligation was $8.9 million and the fair value of the plan assets were $3.9 million. The under funded status of the plans were $5.0 million. This was included in other liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Defined Contribution Savings Plan
We sponsor a voluntary defined contribution savings plan, or 401(k) Plan, for U.S. employees. Employees are immediately eligible to make contributions to the plan and are also eligible for an employer contribution match at an amount equal to 100.0% of the first 4.0% of eligible employee contributions. Savings plan expense included in compensation and benefits expense in the Consolidated Statements of Income was $3.8 million in 2008 and $3.2 million in both 2007 and 2006.
PHLX also sponsored a voluntary defined contribution 401(k) plan for former PHLX employees. This plan was merged into our 401(k) Plan effective January 1, 2009.
We also added a profit-sharing contribution feature to our 401(k) plan on July 1, 2007. Eligible U.S. employees receive employer retirement contributions, or ERCs, when we meet our annual corporate goals. In addition, we adopted a supplemental ERC for select highly compensated employees whose ERCs are limited by the annual Internal Revenue Service compensation limit. Included in compensation and benefits expense in the Consolidated Statement of Income was ERC expense of $4.0 million in 2008 and $3.3 million in 2007. Former active PHLX employees are also eligible to receive ERCs in 2008.
12. Share-Based Compensation
We have a share-based compensation program that provides our Board of Directors broad discretion in creating employee equity incentives. Grants of stock options, restricted stock, which includes awards and units, and PSUs, are designed to reward employees for their long-term contributions to us and provide incentives for them to remain with us. For accounting purposes, we consider PSUs to be a form of restricted stock. Restricted stock is generally time-based and vests over two to five-year periods beginning on the date of the grant. Stock options are also generally time-based. Stock option awards granted prior to January 1, 2005 generally vest 33% on each annual anniversary of the grant date over three years and expire ten years from the grant date. Stock option awards granted after January 1, 2005 generally vest 25% on each anniversary of the grant date over four years and also expire ten years from the grant date.
In December 2008, we granted non-qualified stock options and/or restricted stock to most active employees. Both of these grants included a performance based accelerated vesting feature based on us achieving specific levels of performance. If we achieve the applicable performance parameters in 2009, 100% of the grant will vest on the fourth anniversary of the grant date. If we exceed the applicable performance parameters in 2009, the grant will vest on the third anniversary of the grant date, and if we do not meet the applicable performance parameters in 2009, the grant will be extended to vest on the fifth anniversary of the grant date.
F-55
In December 2008, certain executive officers and a select group of non-officer employees also received grants of 244,034 PSUs. Similar to our December 2008 grant of non-qualified stock options and restricted stock, the PSUs are based on performance levels. However, for the non-qualified stock options and restricted stock, the performance measure impacts the vesting period, and for the PSUs, the performance measure impacts the amount of shares that each recipient will receive upon vesting. PSUs are granted at the fair market value of our stock at the grant date and compensation cost is recognized over the performance period and, in certain cases, an additional vesting period. For each grant of PSUs, an employee may receive from 0% to 150% of the target amount granted, depending on the achievement of performance measures. We report the target number of PSUs granted, unless we have determined that it is more likely than not, based on the actual achievement of performance measures, that an employee will receive a different amount of shares underlying the PSUs, in which case we report the amount of shares the employee is likely to receive. These PSUs are subject to a one year performance period and will vest three years after the end of the performance period.
Also in 2008, certain executive officers received grants of 120,896 PSUs. Of these PSUs granted, 80,000 units are subject to a three year performance and vest at the end of the period. The remaining 40,896 units are subject to a one year performance period and vest three years after the end of the performance period. During 2008, we exceeded the applicable performance parameters for the one year performance PSUs and determined that it would be more likely than not that the target performance levels will be exceeded for the three year performance PSUs. As a result an additional 60,449 units were considered granted. The total expense for PSUs was $1.4 million in 2008 and $1.0 million in 2007.
In December 2007 and 2006, we granted non-qualified stock options and/or restricted stock to most active employees. Both of these grants included a performance based accelerated vesting feature based on us achieving specific levels of performance. For the 2007 grant, if we achieved the applicable performance parameters in 2008, 100% of the grant would vest on the fourth anniversary of the grant date. If we exceeded the applicable performance parameters in 2008, the grant would vest on the third anniversary of the grant date, and if we did not meet the applicable performance parameters in 2008, the grant would be extended to vest on the fifth anniversary of the grant date. In 2008, we exceeded the applicable performance parameters. Therefore, in accordance with SFAS 123(R), we accelerated the related stock option and restricted stock expense on a prospective basis in 2008 as the award will vest over a shorter period. For the 2006 grant, we exceeded the applicable performance parameters in 2007. Therefore, 50% of the 2006 award will vest on the third anniversary of the grant date and 50% of the 2006 award will vest of the fourth anniversary of the grant date. In accordance with SFAS 123(R), we accelerated the related stock option and restricted stock expense on a prospective basis in 2007 as the award will vest over a shorter period. Options issued under both the 2007 and 2006 grants expire ten years from the grant date.
In 2007, certain executive officers also received grants of 181,152 PSUs. Of the 181,152 PSUs granted, 120,000 units are subject to a three year performance period and vest at the end of the period. The remaining 61,152 units are subject to a one year performance period and vest three years after the end of the performance period. For these remaining PSUs, we exceeded the applicable performance parameters in 2008 and as a result, an additional 30,576 units were considered granted.
Additionally, in December 2006, there was an executive grant of 960,000 stock options, which vests over six years. The total expense for this grant was $2.6 million in 2008, $3.6 million in 2007 and $0.2 million in 2006.
Our ESPP allows eligible employees to purchase a limited number of shares of our common stock at six-month intervals, called offering periods, at 85.0% of the lower of the fair market value on the first or the last day of each offering period. The 15.0% discount given to our employees is included in compensation and benefits expense in the Consolidated Statements of Income.
As of December 31, 2008, we had approximately 8.1 million shares of common stock reserved for future issuance under our equity award plan and ESPP. Shares issued as a result of equity awards and our ESPP are generally issued out of common stock as newly issued shares in the future.
The following table shows the total share-based compensation expense resulting from equity awards and the 15.0% discount for the ESPP for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006 in the Consolidated Statements of Income:
Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
2008 | 2007 | 2006 | ||||||||||
(in thousands) | ||||||||||||
Share-based compensation expense before income taxes |
$ | 25,681 | $ | 16,746 | $ | 9,871 | ||||||
Income tax benefit |
(10,157 | ) | (6,623 | ) | (3,872 | ) | ||||||
Total share-based compensation expense after income taxes |
$ | 15,524 | $ | 10,123 | $ | 5,999 | ||||||
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We estimated the fair value of share-based awards using the Black-Scholes valuation model with the following weighted-average assumptions:
Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
2008 | 2007 | 2006 | ||||||||||
Expected life (in years) |
5 | 5 | 5 | |||||||||
Weighted-average risk free interest rate |
1.63 | % | 3.84 | % | 4.87 | % | ||||||
Expected volatility |
35.5 | % | 35.0 | % | 33.8 | % | ||||||
Dividend yield |
| | | |||||||||
Weighted-average fair value at grant date |
$ | 9.17 | $ | 16.22 | $ | 13.90 |
Our computation of expected life is based on historical exercise patterns. The interest rate for periods within the expected life of the award is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant. Our computation of expected volatility is based on a combination of historical and market-based implied volatility. Our Credit Facilities restrict our ability to pay dividends. Before our Credit Facilities were in place, it was not our policy to declare or pay cash dividends on our common stock.
A summary of stock option activity for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006 is as follows:
Stock Options Outstanding | ||||||
Number Outstanding |
Weighted- Average Exercise Price Per Share | |||||
Outstanding at January 1, 2006 |
12,112,103 | $ | 9.23 | |||
Grants |
2,444,393 | 36.09 | ||||
Exercises |
(2,470,545 | ) | 11.76 | |||
Forfeitures or expirations |
(441,976 | ) | 11.85 | |||
Outstanding at December 31, 2006 |
11,643,975 | $ | 14.24 | |||
Grants |
542,879 | 44.09 | ||||
Exercises |
(1,597,005 | ) | 10.08 | |||
Forfeitures or expirations |
(591,735 | ) | 18.79 | |||
Outstanding at December 31, 2007 |
9,998,114 | $ | 16.25 | |||
Grants |
1,686,839 | 27.48 | ||||
Exercises |
(712,860 | ) | 8.96 | |||
Forfeitures or expirations |
(245,188 | ) | 31.43 | |||
Outstanding at December 31, 2008 |
10,726,905 | $ | 18.08 | |||
We received net cash proceeds from the exercise of approximately 0.7 million stock options of $7.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2008, received net cash proceeds from the exercise of approximately 1.6 million stock options of $16.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2007, and received net cash proceeds from the exercise of approximately 2.5 million stock options of $28.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2006. In accordance with SFAS 123(R), we present excess tax benefits from the exercise of stock options, if any, as financing cash flows.
F-57
The following table summarizes significant ranges of outstanding and exercisable stock options as of December 31, 2008:
Range of Exercise Prices |
Number Outstanding |
Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Life- Outstanding (in years) |
Weighted- Average Exercise Price Per Share |
Aggregate Intrinsic Value (in thousands) |
Number Exercisable |
Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Life- Exercisable (in years) |
Weighted- Average Exercise Price Per Share |
Aggregate Intrinsic Value (in thousands) | ||||||||||||
$ 5.28 - $ 7.34 |
2,024,600 | 4.3 | $ | 5.94 | $ | 38,003 | 2,024,600 | 4.3 | $ | 5.94 | $ | 38,003 | ||||||||
$ 7.35 - $ 8.34 |
2,602,239 | 5.9 | $ | 7.37 | 45,122 | 1,257,714 | 5.9 | $ | 7.37 | 21,977 | ||||||||||
$ 8.35 - $10.24 |
1,240,334 | 4.9 | $ | 8.85 | 19,666 | 1,250,268 | 4.9 | $ | 8.85 | 19,665 | ||||||||||
$10.25 - $14.49 |
478,826 | 2.3 | $ | 12.96 | 5,627 | 478,826 | 2.3 | $ | 12.96 | 5,627 | ||||||||||
$14.50 - $19.69 |
30,550 | 6.4 | $ | 16.42 | 253 | 20,075 | 6.4 | $ | 16.48 | 163 | ||||||||||
$19.70 - $25.01 |
64,235 | 5.2 | $ | 20.92 | 243 | 48,835 | 4.7 | $ | 20.66 | 198 | ||||||||||
$25.02 - $30.09 |
1,523,921 | 9.8 | $ | 25.22 | | 55,858 | 7.1 | $ | 26.48 | | ||||||||||
$30.10 - $35.91 |
75,822 | 7.8 | $ | 32.69 | | 34,485 | 7.4 | $ | 35.52 | | ||||||||||
$35.92 - $38.99 |
1,834,360 | 7.9 | $ | 36.01 | | 322,823 | 7.9 | $ | 36.17 | | ||||||||||
$39.00 - $42.28 |
394,169 | 8.4 | $ | 40.37 | | 94,500 | 7.5 | $ | 40.25 | | ||||||||||
$42.29 - $48.81 |
457,849 | 9.0 | $ | 45.39 | | 952 | 8.9 | $ | 46.94 | | ||||||||||
Total |
10,726,905 | 6.5 | $ | 18.08 | $ | 108,914 | 5,588,936 | 4.9 | $ | 10.38 | $ | 85,633 | ||||||||
The aggregate intrinsic value in the above table represents the total pre-tax intrinsic value (i.e., the difference between our closing stock price on December 31, 2008 of $24.71 and the exercise price, times the number of shares) based on stock options with an exercise price less than NASDAQ OMXs closing price of $24.71 as of December 31, 2008, which would have been received by the option holders had the option holders exercised their stock options at that date. This amount changes based on the fair market value of our common stock. The total number of in-the-money stock options exercisable as of December 31, 2008 was 5.1 million. As of December 31, 2007, 4.6 million outstanding stock options were exercisable and the weighted-average exercise price was $9.58.
Total fair value of stock options vested was $7.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2008 and $7.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2007. The total pre-tax intrinsic value of stock options exercised was $16.0 million during 2008, $41.8 million during 2007 and $67.4 million during 2006.
At December 31, 2008, $21.3 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to stock options is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.9 years.
The following table summarizes our restricted stock and PSU activity for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006:
Restricted Stock |
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value |
PSUs | Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value | |||||||||
Unvested balances at January 1, 2006 |
453,406 | $ | 15.02 | | $ | | ||||||
Granted |
527,619 | 35.77 | | | ||||||||
Vested |
(180,518 | ) | 12.11 | | | |||||||
Forfeited |
(217 | ) | 35.92 | | | |||||||
Unvested balances at December 31, 2006 |
800,290 | $ | 29.35 | | $ | | ||||||
Granted |
453,177 | 43.42 | 181,152 | 37.31 | ||||||||
Vested |
(136,750 | ) | 18.18 | | | |||||||
Forfeited |
(121,994 | ) | 29.91 | | | |||||||
Unvested balances at December 31, 2007 |
994,723 | $ | 37.23 | 181,152 | $ | 37.31 | ||||||
Granted |
1,158,875 | 27.36 | 455,955 | (1) | 32.60 | |||||||
Vested |
(164,507 | ) | 23.75 | | | |||||||
Forfeited |
(104,619 | ) | 38.70 | (5,139 | ) | 41.36 | ||||||
Unvested balances at December 31, 2008 |
1,884,472 | $ | 32.23 | 631,968 | $ | 33.87 | ||||||
(1) | This amount includes 91,025 additional PSUs for which we determined that performance measures will more likely than not be achieved. |
At December 31, 2008, $48.2 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to restricted stock and PSUs are expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.9 years.
F-58
Under our ESPP, employees may purchase shares having a value not exceeding 10.0% of their annual compensation, subject to applicable annual Internal Revenue Service limitations. During 2008 employees purchased 112,852 shares at a weighted-average price of $22.01. During 2007 employees purchased 93,472 shares at a weighted average price of $25.25 and during 2006 employees purchased 81,481 shares at a weighted-average price $24.58 under the ESPP. We recorded $0.4 million for each of the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006 of compensation expense for the 15.0% discount that is given to our employees.
13. Regulatory and Related Party Transactions
Prior to December 20, 2006 we were a subsidiary of FINRA and transactions between Nasdaq and FINRA were considered related party transactions. FINRA fully divested ownership of our common stock in 2006 and the preferred stock held by FINRA was redeemed by Nasdaq on December 20, 2006. Therefore, as of December 20, 2006, FINRA was no longer considered a related party.
Since we sought to preserve a regulatory separation upon operation as a national securities exchange, FINRA continues to provide regulatory services and charges us for costs incurred related to our market regulation and enforcement. These charges were included in regulatory expense in 2008 and 2007 and were included in support costs from related parties, net for 2006 in the Consolidated Statements on Income.
Surveillance and Other Regulatory Charges from FINRA
As noted above, FINRA provides regulatory services to The NASDAQ Stock Market, The NASDAQ Options Market and, once fully implemented in March 2009, the markets operated or regulated by NASDAQ OMX BX, including the regulation of trading activity and surveillance and investigative functions. FINRA charges us for these services based upon FINRA managements estimated percentage of costs incurred by each FINRA department that are attributable directly to us.
The following table represents the composition of costs, primarily charged by FINRA to us, which are included in regulatory expense for 2008 and 2007 and support costs from related parties, net expense for 2006 in the Consolidated Statements of Income:
Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||
2008 | 2007 | 2006 | |||||||
(in thousands) | |||||||||
Compensation and benefits |
$ | 13,091 | $ | 14,167 | $ | 16,187 | |||
Professional and contract services |
11,048 | 7,211 | 8,133 | ||||||
Occupancy |
906 | 711 | 991 | ||||||
Computer operations and data communications |
1,057 | 2,317 | 2,447 | ||||||
Depreciation |
2,264 | 3,755 | 4,879 | ||||||
General, administrative and other |
577 | 704 | 1,134 | ||||||
Total |
$ | 28,943 | $ | 28,865 | $ | 33,771 | |||
Other FINRA Related Party Transactions
As discussed above, prior to December 20, 2006, we were a subsidiary of FINRA and transactions between Nasdaq and FINRA were considered related party transactions. The following transactions between Nasdaq and FINRA were entered into prior to December 20, 2006:
Preferred Stock. There were several preferred stock transactions with FINRA prior to December 20, 2006. See Preferred Stock, of Note 14, Stockholders Equity, for further discussion.
Public Offerings. In 2006, we completed a public offering of common stock owned by FINRA. See Public Equity Offerings, of Note 14, Stockholders Equity, for further discussion.
Trade Reporting Facility. To facilitate our operations as a national securities exchange, we formed the FINRA/NASDAQ TRF. Through the FINRA/NASDAQ TRF we continue to collect reports of trades executed by broker-dealers outside of our exchange. FINRA regulates the FINRA/NASDAQ TRF as one of its facilities. The FINRA/NASDAQ TRF began operating on August 1, 2006 for NASDAQ-listed securities and began operating in March 2007 for non-NASDAQ-listed securities. For further discussion of the FINRA/NASDAQ TRF, see Item 1. BusinessProducts and Services, Market Services.
Other. In October 2005, we transferred responsibility for the OTCBB, an electronic screen-based quotation service for securities that, among other things, are not listed on The NASDAQ Stock Market or any U.S. national securities exchange, back to FINRA, but agreed to continue to operate the OTCBB on a contract basis for two years, subject to renewals. We currently operate the OTCBB on a month to month basis.
F-59
In addition, Nasdaq Technology Services, LLC was established in 2004 and provides software, hosting and disaster recovery services to third parties. Effective November 1, 2004, Nasdaq Technology and FINRA entered into a contract for technology development support services for a fixed-income trade reporting platform. Revenues for the services are recorded in Other Market Services revenues.
Other Related Party Transactions
NASDAQ Dubai is a related party, as NASDAQ Dubai is primarily owned by Borse Dubai, who through the completion of the Transactions, owns 19.99% of the share capital of NASDAQ OMX, in addition to shares held by the Trust for their benefit. Included in the Consolidated Balance Sheet is our equity method investment in NASDAQ Dubai. See Note 3, Business Combinations, and Note 5, Equity Method Investments, for further discussion of our investment in NASDAQ Dubai.
14. Stockholders Equity
Common Stock
At December 31, 2008, 300,000,000 shares of our common stock were authorized, 202,188,144 shares were issued and 201,896,700 shares were outstanding. The holders of common stock are entitled to one vote per share except that our certificate of incorporation limits the ability of any person to vote in excess of 5.0% of the then-outstanding voting interests in us. This limitation does not apply to persons exempted from this limitation by our board of directors prior to the time such person owns more than 5.0% of the then-outstanding voting interests in us.
In connection with our acquisition of INET, we acquired warrants to purchase our common stock that were originally purchased by INET from FINRA. In June 2006, we exercised these warrants. We paid FINRA approximately $0.7 million for these warrant shares, which were immediately retired to common stock in treasury. These shares remain held in treasury stock at December 31, 2008.
On February 27, 2008, we issued 60,561,515 shares of Nasdaq common stock to Borse Dubai and the Trust for Borse Dubais economic benefit in connection with the OMX AB business combination. See Note 3, Business Combinations, for further discussion.
Public Equity Offerings
In the first quarter of 2006, we completed a public offering of 15,979,513 shares of common stock, of which we sold 8,042,142 shares issued from common stock in treasury and FINRA and other selling stockholders sold 7,937,371 shares. We used a portion of the net proceeds obtained from this offering to fund the redemption of our Series C Cumulative preferred stock. See Preferred Stock, below for further discussion.
In May 2006, we completed another public offering of 18,500,000 shares of our common stock, for net proceeds of $665.2 million before deducting offering expenses. These proceeds were used to prepay a portion of the amount outstanding under our then-outstanding credit facilities.
3.75% Convertible Notes and Warrants
The 3.75% convertible notes were originally issued to H&F ($300.0 million), SLP ($141.4 million) and other partners ($3.6 million) in order to finance the INET transaction. These notes were convertible into our common stock at a price of $14.50 per share, representing 30,689,655 shares subject to adjustment, in general for any stock split, dividend, combination, recapitalization or similar event. We also issued warrants to purchase shares of our common stock at a price of $14.50 per share to H&F (3,400,000 shares), SLP (1,523,325 shares) and other partners (39,175 shares). The warrants became exercisable on April 22, 2006 and would have expired on December 8, 2008, the third anniversary of the closing of the INET acquisition.
In the fourth quarter of 2007, H&F sold its entire stake in Nasdaq in a public offering which included (i) shares issued through the conversion of the 3.75% convertible notes, (ii) shares acquired through the cashless exercise of warrants and (iii) shares held outright by H&F, which were previously purchased from us in a separate transaction. As part of the cashless exercise of warrants, H&F delivered to us 1,044,276 shares of our common stock. Nasdaq did not receive any proceeds from the offering.
Also in the fourth quarter of 2007, SLP and other partners sold 1,732,491 shares of our common stock. The shares sold consisted of a portion of shares issued through the conversion of the 3.75% convertible notes issued to SLP and other partners, and the cashless exercise of a portion of the warrants issued to other partners. As part of the cashless exercise of warrants, the other partners delivered to us 7,350 shares of our common stock. SLP did not exercise any of their warrants. As a result of the above, approximately $120.1 million in aggregate principal amount of the 3.75% convertible notes, which were convertible into 8,283,162 shares of our common stock, and 1,539,489 shares underlying the warrants were outstanding at December 31, 2007.
F-60
In 2008, SLP converted 2,000 shares of the 3.75% convertible notes and exercised 1,523,325 warrants into common stock for cash. In addition, other partners also exercised 16,164 warrants through a cashless exercise. As part of this cashless exercise, the other partners delivered to us 10,037 shares of our common stock. We issued new shares of common stock for these transactions. Approximately $120.1 million in aggregate principal amount of the 3.75% convertible notes remained outstanding as of December 31, 2008. At December 31, 2008, there were no warrants outstanding. See Note 9, Debt Obligations, for further discussion.
Preferred Stock
On February 15, 2006, we redeemed our Series C Cumulative preferred stock for $104.7 million including accrued and unpaid dividends and a make-whole premium. We used a portion of the net proceeds obtained from the first quarter 2006 public equity offering to fund the redemption. See Public Equity Offerings, above for further discussion.
On December 20, 2005, FINRA exchanged its one share of our Series B preferred stock for one newly issued share of Series D preferred stock, which had terms substantially similar to the terms of the Series B preferred stock. The Series D preferred stock did not pay dividends. FINRA, as holder of the one share of the Series D preferred stock, was entitled to cast the number of votes that, together with all other votes that FINRA was entitled to vote by virtue of ownership, proxies or voting trusts, enabled FINRA to cast one vote more than one-half of all votes entitled to be cast by stockholders. On December 20, 2006, Nasdaq redeemed for $1.00 the one outstanding share of Series D preferred stock that had been issued to FINRA.
At December 31, 2008, 30,000,000 shares of preferred stock were authorized, However no shares of preferred stock were issued and outstanding.
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
Comprehensive income is composed of net income and other comprehensive income, which includes the after-tax change in unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale securities, the change in unrealized gains and losses on derivative financial instruments that qualify as cash flow hedges, foreign currency translation adjustments and employee benefit adjustments.
The following table outlines the components of other comprehensive income (loss):
Unrealized (Losses) Gains On Available- For-Sale Securities(1) |
Cash Flow Hedges(2) |
Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments(3) |
Employee Benefit Adjustments(4) |
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) |
||||||||||||||||
(in thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Balance, December 31, 2005 |
$ | (577 | ) | $ | | $ | 1,605 | $ | (2,318 | ) | $ | (1,290 | ) | |||||||
Net Change |
147,320 | | 37 | (9,863 | ) | 137,494 | ||||||||||||||
Balance, December 31, 2006 |
$ | 146,743 | $ | | $ | 1,642 | $ | (12,181 | ) | $ | 136,204 | |||||||||
Net Change |
(146,743 | ) | | (184 | ) | 6,026 | (140,901 | ) | ||||||||||||
Balance, December 31, 2007 |
$ | | $ | | $ | 1,458 | $ | (6,155 | ) | $ | (4,697 | ) | ||||||||
Net Change |
| (6,738 | ) | (601,423 | ) | (6,152 | ) | (614,313 | ) | |||||||||||
Balance, December 31, 2008 |
$ | | $ | (6,738 | ) | $ | (599,965 | ) | $ | (12,307 | ) | $ | (619,010 | ) | ||||||
(1) | The 2007 amount includes the reversal of the unrealized gain related to our investment in the LSE, net of tax, which includes foreign currency gains, as we sold this investment in September 2007. The 2006 amount includes the unrealized gain related to our investment in the LSE, net of tax, which includes foreign currency gains. See Note 7, Financial Investments, at Fair Value, for further discussion. |
(2) | The 2008 amount represents the change in fair value of our cash flow hedges, net of tax, which we entered into in the third quarter of 2008 to effectively convert a portion of our floating rate debt to a fixed rate basis. See Note 9, Debt Obligations, and Note 17, Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedging Activities, for further discussion. |
(3) | Includes after-tax gains and losses on foreign currency translation from operations for which the functional currency is other than the U.S. dollar. The year ended December 31, 2007 amount includes a $0.2 million foreign currency gain realized upon the liquidation of Brut Europe Limited. |
(4) | For 2008, 2007 and 2006, amounts represent the after-tax adjustment to record the unrecognized obligation adjustment related to the NASDAQ OMX Benefit Plans and the NASDAQ OMX PHLX Benefit Plans in accordance with SFAS No. 158, Employers Accounting for Defined Benefit Pension and Other Postretirement Plans- an amendment of FASB Statements No. 87, 88, 106 and 132(R), or SFAS 158. In addition, as a result of the Pension Plan and SERP freeze in 2007, there was a reduction in the benefit obligation and other comprehensive income balances as of December 31, 2007. See Note 11, Employee Benefits, for further discussion. |
F-61
Reclassification From Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income to Earnings
As discussed in Financial Investments, of Note 2, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, we account for financial investments in accordance with SFAS 115. We determine the fair value of our available-for-sale investment securities based on quoted market prices. When the fair value of an available-for-sale investment security is less than its cost for an extended period, we consider whether there is an other-than-temporary impairment in the value of the security. If, in our judgment, an other-than-temporary impairment exists, the cost basis of the available-for-sale security is written down to the then-current fair value, and the unrealized loss is transferred from accumulated other comprehensive income, as an immediate reduction of current earnings. In connection with our business combination of OMX AB, we acquired a long-term available-for-sale investment security which was accounted for under SFAS 115. In the fourth quarter of 2008, we recorded an other-than-temporary impairment on this long-term available-for-sale investment security and realized a loss of $34.9 million. This charge was included in asset impairment charges in the Consolidated Statements of Income
15. Earnings Per Common Share
The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share:
Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||
2008 | 2007 | 2006 | ||||||||
As Adjusted | ||||||||||
(in thousands, except share and per share amounts) |
||||||||||
Numerator: |
||||||||||
Net income applicable to common stockholders: |
||||||||||
Net income |
$ | 313,270 | $ | 518,401 | $ | 127,893 | ||||
Preferred stock: |
||||||||||
Dividends declared |
| | (359 | ) | ||||||
Accretion of preferred stock |
| | (331 | ) | ||||||
Net income applicable to common stockholders for basic earnings per share |
$ | 313,270 | $ | 518,401 | $ | 127,203 | ||||
Interest impact of convertible notes, net of tax |
2,722 | 9,196 | 10,142 | |||||||
Net income applicable to common stockholders for diluted earnings per share |
$ | 315,992 | $ | 527,597 | $ | 137,345 | ||||
Denominator: |
||||||||||
Weighted-average common shares outstanding for basic earnings per share(1) |
190,362,605 | 116,064,240 | 104,311,040 | |||||||
Weighted-average effect of dilutive securities: |
||||||||||
Employee stock options and awards |
5,061,943 | 5,829,533 | 6,315,735 | |||||||
Convertible notes assumed converted into common stock |
8,281,167 | 27,977,026 | 30,689,655 | |||||||
Warrants |
809,147 | 2,657,892 | 2,912,425 | |||||||
Denominator for diluted earnings per share |
204,514,862 | 152,528,691 | 144,228,855 | |||||||
Basic and diluted earnings per share: |
||||||||||
Basic earnings per share |
$ | 1.65 | $ | 4.47 | $ | 1.22 | ||||
Diluted earnings per share |
$ | 1.55 | $ | 3.46 | $ | 0.95 | ||||
(1) | For the year ended December 31, 2008, amounts include 60,561,515 shares of common stock issued to Borse Dubai and the Trust in conjunction with the business combination with OMX AB on a weighted-average basis from the date of the business combination. |
Options to purchase 10,726,905 shares of common stock and 2,516,440 shares of restricted stock and PSUs were outstanding at December 31, 2008. The 3.75% convertible notes have been accounted for under the if-converted method of SFAS 128 as we will settle the convertible notes in shares of our common stock. As such, the 3.75% convertible notes are convertible into 8,281,167 shares of common stock as of December 31, 2008. The 2.50% convertible notes are accounted for under the treasury stock method of SFAS 128 as it is our intent and policy to settle the principal amount of the notes in cash. Based on the settlement structure of the notes, which permit the principal amount to be settled in cash and the conversion premium to be settled in shares of our common stock or cash, we will reflect the impact of the convertible spread portion of the convertible notes in the diluted calculation using the treasury stock method.
F-62
For the year ended December 31, 2008, we included 6,654,784 of the options outstanding, 2,000,424 shares of restricted stock and PSUs, all of the shares underlying the 3.75% convertible notes, which includes all outstanding 3.75 % convertible notes and 3.75% convertible notes converted into 2,000 shares of common stock during 2008 and warrants exercised into 1,539,489 shares of common stock, up to the time of exercise in the computation of diluted earnings per share, on a weighted-average basis, as their inclusion was dilutive. The remaining options and shares of restricted stock and PSUs are antidilutive and the conversion spread of our 2.50% convertible senior notes was out of the money, and as such, they were properly excluded.
Options to purchase 9,998,114 shares of common stock, 1,175,875 shares of restricted stock and PSUs, convertible notes convertible into 8,283,162 shares of common stock and warrants exercisable into 1,539,489 shares of common stock were outstanding at December 31, 2007. For the year ended December 31, 2007, we included 7,206,371 of the options outstanding, 1,138,122 shares of restricted stock and PSUs, all of the shares underlying the convertible notes, which includes all outstanding convertible notes and convertible notes converted into 22,406,485 shares of common stock up to the time of conversion and all of the shares underlying the warrants, which includes all outstanding warrants and warrants exercised into 3,423,011 shares of common stock up to the time exercised in the computation of diluted earnings per share, on a weighted-average basis, as their inclusion was dilutive. The remaining options and shares of restricted stock were considered antidilutive and were properly excluded.
Options to purchase 11,643,975 shares of common stock, 800,290 shares of restricted stock, convertible notes convertible into 30,689,655 shares of common stock and warrants exercisable into 4,962,500 shares of common stock were outstanding at December 31, 2006. For the year ended December 31, 2006, we included 9,080,508 of the options outstanding, 313,210 shares of restricted stock, all of the shares underlying the convertible notes and all of the shares underlying the warrants in the computation of diluted earnings per share, on a weighted average basis, as their inclusion was dilutive. The remaining options and shares of restricted stock were considered antidilutive and were properly excluded.
16. Fair Value of Financial Instruments
Fair Value MeasurementDefinition and Hierarchy
As of January 1, 2008, we adopted on a prospective basis certain required provisions of SFAS 157, as amended by FSP 157-2. Under SFAS 157, fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability, or the exit price, in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. SFAS 157 establishes a hierarchy of valuation techniques based on whether the inputs to those valuation techniques are observable or unobservable. Observable inputs reflect market data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect NASDAQ OMXs market assumptions. These two types of inputs create the following fair value hierarchy:
| Level 1Quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets. |
| Level 2Quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; and model-derived valuations whose inputs are observable or whose significant value drivers are observable. |
| Level 3Instruments whose significant value drivers are unobservable. |
This hierarchy requires the use of observable market data when available.
The following table presents for each of the above hierarchy levels, our financial assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis at December 31, 2008.
Balance as of December 31, 2008 |
Fair Value Measurements | |||||||||||
(Level 1) | (Level 2) | (Level 3) | ||||||||||
(in thousands) | ||||||||||||
Financial Assets Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis |
||||||||||||
Market value, outstanding derivative positions(1) |
$ | 4,121,797 | $ | | $ | 4,121,797 | $ | | ||||
Financial investments, at fair value(2) |
227,305 | 227,305 | | | ||||||||
Other assets(3) |
53,066 | 29,000 | 24,066 | | ||||||||
Total |
$ | 4,402,168 | $ | 256,305 | $ | 4,145,863 | $ | | ||||
Financial Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis |
||||||||||||
Market value, outstanding derivative positions(1) |
$ | 4,121,797 | $ | | $ | 4,121,797 | $ | | ||||
Other liabilities(4) |
26,683 | 3,463 | 23,220 | | ||||||||
Total |
$ | 4,148,480 | $ | 3,463 | $ | 4,145,017 | $ | | ||||
F-63
(1) | Represents net amounts associated with our clearing operations in the derivatives markets with NASDAQ OMX Commodities and NASDAQ OMX Stockholm. See Note 17, Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedging Activities, for further discussion. |
(2) | See Financial Investments, of Note 2, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, and Note 7, Financial Investments, at Fair Value, for further discussion. |
(3) | Primarily includes our long-term available-for-sale investment securities and derivative financial instruments. See Financial Investments, of Note 2, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, and Note 17, Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedging Activities, for further discussion. |
(4) | Primarily includes our derivative financial instruments included in other accrued liabilities the Consolidated Balance Sheets. See Note 17, Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedging Activities. |
We also consider our debt obligations to be financial instruments. The fair value of our debt obligations was estimated using discounted cash flow analyses based on our assumed incremental borrowing rates for similar types of borrowing arrangements and a Black-Scholes valuation technique that is utilized to calculate the convertible option value for the 3.75% convertible notes and the 2.50% convertible senior notes. At December 31, 2008, the carrying value of our debt obligations was approximately $12.9 million more than fair value primarily due to a decrease in fair value on the 2.50% convertible senior notes with a convertible option feature equivalent to a conversion price of approximately $55.13 compared to the closing price of $24.71 at December 31, 2008, partially offset by stock appreciation on the 3.75% convertible notes convertible option feature from $14.50 at the time of issuance to $24.71 at December 31, 2008. At December 31, 2007, the carrying value of our debt obligations was approximately $266.9 million less than fair value due to the stock appreciation on the 3.75% convertible notes option feature from $14.50 at time of issuance to $49.49 at December 31, 2007. See Note 9, Debt Obligations, for further discussion.
Financial Instruments Not Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis
Some of our financial instruments are not measured at fair value on a recurring basis but are recorded at amounts that approximate fair value due to their liquid or short-term nature. Such financial assets and financial liabilities include: cash and cash equivalents, receivables, net, certain other assets, accounts payable and accrued expenses, Section 31 fees payable to SEC, accrued personnel costs, and other current liabilities.
17. Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedging Activities
In the ordinary course of business, we may enter into various types of derivative transactions. These derivative transactions include:
| Futures and foreign currency forward contracts which are commitments to buy or sell at a future date a financial instrument, commodity or currency at a contracted price and may be settled in cash or through delivery. |
| Interest rate swap contracts which are agreements between two parties to exchange one stream of future interest payments for another based on a specified principal amount over a set period of time. |
| Foreign currency option contracts which give the purchaser, for a fee, the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell within a limited time a financial instrument or currency at a contracted price that may also be settled in cash, based on differentials between specified indices or prices. |
NASDAQ OMX may use these derivative financial instruments to manage exposure to various market risks, primarily foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations and changes in interest rates on our variable rate debt, and are an integral component of our market risk and related asset/liability management strategy and processes.
Depending on market conditions, we may use foreign currency future, forward and option contracts to limit our exposure to foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations on contracted revenue streams (hedged item) relating to our market technology sales. When the contracted revenue streams meet the definition of a firm commitment in accordance with SFAS 133, these derivative contracts may be designated as fair value hedges, if the applicable hedge criteria is met. Changes in fair value on the derivatives and the related hedged items are recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Income.
Derivatives Designated as Cash Flow Hedges
In the third quarter of 2008, we entered into interest rate swap agreements that effectively converted $200.0 million of our Credit Facilities, which is floating rate debt, to a fixed rate basis through August 2011, thus reducing the impact of interest rate changes on future interest expense.
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All derivative contracts used to manage interest rate risk are measured at fair value and reported in other current assets or other current liabilities as appropriate with the offset in accumulated other comprehensive income within stockholders equity in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Any ineffectiveness would impact earnings through interest expense. There was no material ineffectiveness recorded in earnings for the year ended December 31, 2008.
Derivatives Not Designated as Hedges
NASDAQ OMX may also enter into economic hedges that either do not qualify or are not designated for hedge accounting treatment. This type of hedge is undertaken when SFAS 133 hedge requirements cannot be achieved or management decides not to apply SFAS 133 hedge accounting.
In order to economically hedge the foreign currency exposure on our business combination with OMX AB, we entered into foreign currency option and forward contracts beginning at the time of the announcement of the proposed combination. In accordance with SFAS 133, a derivative used to hedge exposure related to an anticipated business combination does not qualify for specialized hedge accounting, and as such, was marked to market through gain (loss) on foreign currency contracts in the Consolidated Statements of Income each reporting period. See below for further discussion. For the Nord Pool transaction, we also entered into a forward contract. This contract was settled at the closing of the Nord Pool transaction in the fourth quarter of 2008. See below for further discussion. For additional discussion of the business combination with OMX AB and the Nord Pool transaction, see Note 3, Business Combinations.
We also entered into foreign currency contracts, primarily foreign currency option and forward contracts, to partially or fully economically hedge foreign currency transactions and non-U.S. dollar cash flow exposures on our market technology contracts. These hedges generally mature within one year and changes in fair value of these derivatives are recognized in gain (loss) on foreign currency contracts in the Consolidated Statement of Income.
The following table presents the realized and unrealized gain/(loss) recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Income for the year ended December 31, 2008 related to our foreign currency forward contracts. For the cumulative realized gain (loss) related to our foreign currency option contracts, see below.
Realized Gain (Loss) |
Unrealized Loss |
Total Gain/ (Loss) for the Year Ended December 31, 2008 |
||||||||||
(in thousands) | ||||||||||||
SEK 2008 Forward Contracts |
$ | 33,712 | $ | | $ | 33,712 | ||||||
NOK 2008 Forward Contract |
(71,580 | ) | | (71,580 | ) | |||||||
Other(1) |
(4,456 | ) | (8,942 | ) | (13,398 | ) | ||||||
Total |
$ | (42,324 | ) | $ | (8,942 | ) | $ | (51,266 | ) | |||
(1) | Primarily represents market technology forward currency contracts used to limit our exposure to foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations on contracted revenue streams which do not qualify for hedge accounting. |
In the first quarter of 2008, we entered into forward contracts to hedge the SEK cash payment made in connection with the business combination with OMX AB and recorded a gain of $33.7 million in the first quarter 2008 at the time of the business acquisition relating to the cash payments for the SEK forward contracts.
Also in the first quarter of 2008, we entered into a forward contract to hedge the NOK cash payment for the Nord Pool transaction. We agreed to purchase certain businesses of Nord Pool for approximately $320 million. We entered into a forward contract to buy NOK and sell U.S. dollars at an exchange rate of 5.2129. The closing of the Nord Pool transaction occurred on October 21, 2008. At that time, we closed out the NOK forward contract, resulting in a realized loss of approximately $71.5 million.
The following table presents the cumulative realized gain/(loss) on each option contract and the total loss recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Income for year ended December 31, 2008 related to our foreign currency option contracts.
Purchase | Sale/Expiration | Cumulative Realized Gain (Loss) |
Change in Unrealized Gain (Loss) |
Total Gain/ (Loss) for the Year Ended December 31, 2008 |
||||||||||||||
(in thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||
SEK 2007 Option Contract(1) |
$ | 39,026 | $ | 66,515 | $ | 27,489 | $ | (21,682 | ) | $ | 5,807 | |||||||
SEK 2008 Option Contract(2) |
12,500 | | (12,500 | ) | | (12,500 | ) | |||||||||||
Total |
$ | 51,526 | $ | 66,515 | $ | 14,989 | $ | (21,682 | ) | $ | (6,693 | ) | ||||||
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(1) | This contract, which was originally purchased in October 2007, had a fair value at December 31, 2007 of $60.7 million. On January 7, 2008, we sold the SEK 2007 option contract for $66.5 million and recorded a $5.8 million gain in the first quarter of 2008. |
(2) | On January 7, 2008, we purchased a new contract for $12.5 million which expired out-of-the-money in February of 2008 and we recorded a loss for the purchase amount of $12.5 million. |
As shown in the above two tables, for the year ended December 31, 2008, we recognized a loss of $6.7 million related to option contracts and also recognized a loss of $51.2 million related to forward contracts for a total loss of $57.9 million in 2008.
The following table presents the realized and unrealized gains and losses in 2007 related to our OMX foreign currency option contracts:
Purchase | Sale | Realized (Losses) Gains |
Unrealized (Losses) Gains |
Total Gain/ (Loss) for the Year Ended December 31, 2007 | ||||||||||||
(in thousands) | ||||||||||||||||
OMX May 2007 Contract |
$ | 12,988 | $ | 20,100 | $ | 7,112 | $ | | $ | 7,112 | ||||||
OMX July 2007 Contract |
20,100 | 43,063 | 22,963 | | 22,963 | |||||||||||
OMX October 2007 Contract |
39,026 | | | 21,682 | (1) | 21,682 | ||||||||||
Total |
$ | 72,114 | $ | 63,163 | $ | 30,075 | $ | 21,682 | $ | 51,757 | ||||||
(1) | The fair value of the OMX October 2007 option contract was $60.7 million at December 31, 2007 and is included in other current assets in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. |
The gain on foreign currency contracts was $44.0 million in 2007. The gain in 2007 is related to our business combination with OMX AB as presented in the above table, partially offset by a $7.8 million loss recorded in the first half of 2007 related to our hedge of the foreign currency exposure on our acquisition bid for the LSE. At the time of the commencement of the bid for the LSE in the fourth quarter of 2006, we purchased foreign currency option contracts. In conjunction with the lapse of our final offers for LSE, we traded out of these foreign exchange contracts in February 2007. Due to the improving exchange rate of the dollar when compared to the pound sterling a $7.8 million loss was recorded on these foreign currency option contracts.
Other Derivative Positions at NASDAQ OMX Commodities and NASDAQ OMX Stockholm
NASDAQ OMX Commodities
NASDAQ OMX Commodities enters into energy derivative and carbon product contracts as the contractual counterparty. In doing so, NASDAQ OMX Commodities guarantees the completion of the transaction and market participants can thereby limit their counterparty risk. Market participants must provide collateral to cover the daily margin call, which is in addition to the initial collateral placed when signing the clearing membership agreement. Acceptable collateral is cash on a pledged bank account and/or an on-demand guarantee. We also act as the counterparty for trades on the OTC derivative market subject to our approval on a case by case basis. Trading on the contracts can take place up until the delivery period which can occur over a period of up to six years.
NASDAQ OMX Stockholm
On NASDAQ OMX Stockholm, we offer clearing services for fixed-income options and futures, stock options and futures and index options and futures by serving as the central counterparty. In doing so, we guarantee the completion of the transaction, exposing us to counterparty risk. We also act as the counterparty for certain over-the-counter contracts. The transactions are reported electronically prior to central counterparty clearing and we thereby guarantee the completion of the transaction. Following the completion of a transaction, settlement takes place between parties with the exchange of the securities and funds. The transfer of ownership is registered and the securities are stored on the owners behalf. Settlement and registration of cash trading takes place in Sweden and Finland via the local central securities depositories.
The counterparty risks are measured using models that are agreed with the financial inspection authority of the country in question which requires us to provide minimum guarantees and maintain certain levels of regulatory capital.
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Market Value, Outstanding Derivative Positions
The market value of the above mentioned derivative contracts for NASDAQ OMX Commodities and NASDAQ OMX Stockholm are reported gross on the balance sheet as a receivable pertaining to the purchasing party and a payable pertaining to the selling party. Such receivables and liabilities attributable to outstanding derivative positions have been netted to the extent that such a legal offset right exists and, at the same time, that it is our intention to settle these items. At December 31, 2008, our market value, outstanding derivative positions in the Consolidated Balance Sheet was $4.1 billion. See Note 19, Commitments, Contingencies and Guarantees, for further discussion of our guarantees on the fulfillment of these contracts and collateral received.
The following table presents the fair value of our outstanding derivative positions at December 31, 2008 prior to netting.
Asset | Liability | |||||
(in millions) | ||||||
Forwards and options |
$ | 3,306.2 | $ | 3,306.2 | ||
Stock options and futures |
514.9 | 514.9 | ||||
Index options and futures |
239.4 | 239.4 | ||||
Fixed-income options and futures |
460.0 | 460.0 | ||||
Total |
$ | 4,520.5 | $ | 4,520.5 | ||
18. Leases
We lease office space and equipment under non-cancelable operating leases with third parties. Some of our leases contain renewal options and escalation clauses based on increases in property taxes and building operating costs.
As of December 31, 2008, future minimum lease payments under non-cancelable operating leases (net of sublease income) are as follows:
Gross Lease Commitments |
Sublease Income |
Net Lease Commitments | |||||||
(in thousands) | |||||||||
Year ending December 31: |
|||||||||
2009 |
$ | 58,473 | $ | 8,900 | $ | 49,573 | |||
2010 |
54,936 | 8,890 | 46,046 | ||||||
2011 |
52,636 | 8,643 | 43,993 | ||||||
2012 |
46,088 | 8,044 | 38,044 | ||||||
2013 and thereafter |
249,869 | 47,489 | 202,380 | ||||||
Total future minimum lease payments |
$ | 462,002 | $ | 81,966 | $ | 380,036 | |||
Rent expense for operating leases (net of sublease income of $6.7 million in 2008 and $3.0 million in both 2007 and 2006) was $42.1 million in 2008, $27.5 million in 2007 and $25.6 million in 2006.
19. Commitments, Contingencies and Guarantees
Brokerage Activities
In accordance with FIN 45, Nasdaq Execution Services and NASDAQ Options Services provide guarantees to securities clearinghouses and exchanges under their standard membership agreements, which require members to guarantee the performance of other members. If a member becomes unable to satisfy its obligations to the clearinghouses, other members would be required to meet its shortfalls. To mitigate these performance risks, the exchanges and clearinghouses often require members to post collateral as well as meet certain minimum financial standards. Nasdaq Execution Services and NASDAQ Options Services maximum potential liability under these arrangements cannot be quantified. However, we believe that the potential for Nasdaq Execution Services and NASDAQ Options Services to be required to make payments under these arrangements is unlikely. Accordingly, no contingent liability is recorded in the Consolidated Balance Sheets for these arrangements.
Obligations Under Guarantee
In connection with our registration as a national securities exchange, Nasdaq completed an internal reorganization in November 2006. As part of the reorganization, Nasdaq transferred the ownership of some of its subsidiaries, including its broker-dealer subsidiaries, to The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC. The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC assumed Nasdaqs obligations under the 3.75% convertible notes due October 22, 2012 and the related indenture. NASDAQ OMX guarantees the obligations of The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC under the indenture.
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Guarantees Issued and Collateral Received for Clearing Operations
Through our clearing operations in the derivative markets with NASDAQ OMX Commodities, IDCG and NASDAQ OMX Stockholm, we are the legal counterparty for each derivative position traded and thereby guarantee the fulfillment of each contract. We are required to pledge collateral for commitments with other clearinghouses. The amount of these commitments is calculated on the gross exposure between the clearinghouses. As collateral for these obligations, we have obtained financial guarantees and credit facilities which are guaranteed by us through counter indemnities. At December 31, 2008 these guarantees and credit facilities totaled $636.9 million. We require our customers to pledge collateral and meet certain minimum financial standards to mitigate the risk if they become unable to satisfy their obligations. At December 31, 2008, total customer pledged collateral was $3.5 billion. The pledged collateral is held by a custodian bank. Since these funds are not held by NASDAQ OMX and they are not available for NASDAQ OMX to use, we do not receive any interest income on these funds. We believe that the potential for us to be required to make payments under these arrangements is mitigated through the pledged collateral, our risk management policies and in the case of NASDAQ OMX Commodities a default insurance policy. Accordingly, no contingent liability is recorded in the Consolidated Balance Sheets for these arrangements.
Other Guarantees
We have provided guarantees as of December 31, 2008 of $31.3 million, primarily related to obligations for our rental and leasing contracts. We have received financial guarantees from various financial institutions to support these guarantees.
Leases
We lease some of our office space and equipment under non-cancelable operating leases with third parties and sublease office space to third parties. Some of our leases contain renewal options and escalation clauses based on increases in property taxes and building operating costs. See Note 18, Leases, for further discussion.
Litigation
We may be subject to claims arising out of the conduct of our business. We are not currently a party to any litigation that we believe could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, or operating results. However, from time to time, we have been threatened with, or named as a defendant in, lawsuits or involved in regulatory proceedings.
20. Other Income (Expense), net
The following table presents the components of other income (expense), net:
Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
2008 | 2007 | 2006 | ||||||||||
As Adjusted (in thousands) |
||||||||||||
Interest income |
$ | 34,509 | $ | 37,646 | $ | 24,633 | ||||||
Interest expense |
(97,524 | ) | (72,863 | ) | (91,097 | ) | ||||||
Net interest expense(1) |
(63,015 | ) | (35,217 | ) | (66,464 | ) | ||||||
Dividend and investment income(2) |
8,382 | 14,763 | 16,195 | |||||||||
Income from unconsolidated investees, net(3) |
27,321 | | | |||||||||
Gain (loss) on foreign currency contracts(4) |
(57,959 | ) | 43,950 | 48,391 | ||||||||
Asset impairment charges(5) |
(42,184 | ) | | (5,925 | ) | |||||||
Gain on sale of strategic initiative(6) |
| 431,383 | | |||||||||
Strategic initiative costs(7) |
| (26,511 | ) | | ||||||||
Total other income (expense), net |
$ | (127,455 | ) | $ | 428,368 | $ | (7,803 | ) | ||||
(1) | The increase in net interest expense for the year ended December 31, 2008 compared with the same period in 2007 was primarily due to: |
| a decrease in interest income due to lower interest rates and the use of cash to fund acquisitions in 2008, partially offset by the inclusion of OMXs interest income of $16.6 million; |
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| an increase in debt issuance amortization costs due to the draw-down of debt to fund the OMX AB business combination, the PHLX acquisition and the Nord Pool transaction, compared to minimal debt issuance costs in 2007 due to the costs being included in general, administrative and other expenses due to the early extinguishment of debt related to the repayment in full of our outstanding debt obligations in September 2007 from the proceeds of the sale of our share capital of the LSE. See Note 7, Financial Investments, at Fair Value, to the consolidated financial statements for further discussion; and |
| a higher average outstanding debt balance, partially offset by lower interest rates and the impact of the retrospective application of FSP APB 14-1, (See FASB Staff Position APB No. 14-1, of Note 2, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, for further discussion). Our higher outstanding debt balance was due to the draw-down of debt to fund the OMX AB business combination, the PHLX acquisition and the Nord Pool transaction. |
The decrease in net interest expense for the year ended December 31, 2007 compared with the same period in 2006 was primarily due to higher interest income due to higher cash balances and lower interest expense due to a lower average outstanding debt balance and lower interest rates year over year. Our lower outstanding debt balance was due to the repayment in full and termination of our then-outstanding credit facilities from the proceeds of the sale of our share capital of the LSE. In addition, our lower outstanding debt balance was due to H&F converting $300.0 million of its 3.75% convertible notes to equity and SLP and other partners converting a portion of their 3.75% convertible notes to equity in the fourth quarter of 2007. See Note 9, Debt Obligations, for further discussion.
(2) | Dividend and investment income for the year ended December 31, 2008 primarily relates to the inclusion of OMXs and NASDAQ OMX PHLXs dividend and investment income. Divided and investment income for the year ended December 31, 2007 and 2006 primarily include ordinary dividends declared from our investment in the LSE. |
(3) | The income in the year ended December 31, 2008 primarily relates to the $26.0 million gain on the non-monetary contribution of the Nasdaq trade name to obtain an equity interest in NASDAQ Dubai. See Equity Investment in NASDAQ Dubai, of Note 3, Business Combinations, for further discussion. Also included is income from our share of the earnings and losses from our ownership in unconsolidated equity method investees. |
(4) | The loss for the year ended December 31, 2008 primarily relates to our Nord Pool transaction ($71.5 million) and our market technology forward currency contracts ($13.4 million), partially offset by gains related to our business combination with OMX AB ($27.0 million). The gain for the year ended December 31, 2007 is also related to our business combination with OMX AB ($51.8 million) and is partially offset by a $7.8 million loss recorded for our acquisition bid for the LSE. The gain for the year ended December 31, 2006 primarily relates to our acquisition bid for LSE. See Note 17, Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedging Activities, for further discussion. |
(5) | In 2008, asset impairment charges include a realized loss on a non-cash other-than-temporary impairment of $34.9 million related to a long-term available-for-sale investment security. See Note 2, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, and Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income, of Note 14, Stockholders Equity, for further discussion. We also recorded a non-cash impairment loss of $7.3 million from the write-down of finite-lived intangibles assets, primarily related to our insurance agency business. See Note 4, Goodwill and Purchased Intangible Assets, for further discussion. In 2006, we recorded write-downs for property and equipment of $5.9 million related to the sale of a building and related assets. |
(6) | The pre-tax gain on sale of strategic initiative for the year ended December 31, 2007 of $431.4 million represents the sale of our share capital of the LSE and is net of costs directly related to the sale of $18.0 million, primarily broker fees. See Note 7, Financial Investments, at Fair Value, for further discussion. |
(7) | The strategic initiative costs for the year ended December 31, 2007 were incurred in connection with our strategic initiatives related to the LSE, including our acquisition bid. In conjunction with the lapse of our final offers, these costs were charged to expense. See Note 7, Financial Investments, at Fair Value, for further discussion. |
21. Segments
We manage, operate and provide our products and services in three business segments, our Market Services segment, our Issuer Services segment and our Market Technology segment. Our Market Services segment includes our U.S. and European Transaction Services businesses and our Market Data business, which are interrelated because the Transaction Services businesses generate the quote and trade information that we sell to market participants and data distributors. Market Services also includes our Broker Services business. The Issuer Services segment includes our Global Listing Services and Global Index Group businesses. The companies listed on The NASDAQ Stock Market and the exchanges that comprise NASDAQ OMX Nordic and NASDAQ OMX Baltic represent a diverse array of industries. This diversity of companies listed on NASDAQ OMX markets allows us to develop industry-specific and other indexes that we use to develop and license NASDAQ OMX branded indexes, associated derivatives and index products as part of our Global Index Group. The Global Listing Services business also includes revenues from Corporate Services which includes revenues generated through our insurance agency business, shareholder, directors and newswire services. Our Corporate Services business provides customer support services, products and programs to companies, including companies listed on our exchanges. Through our Corporate Services offerings, companies gain access to innovative products and services that facilitate transparency, mitigate risk, maximize board efficiency and inspire better corporate governance. Through our Market Technology segment we provide technology solutions for trading, clearing and settlement, and information dissemination, and also offer facility management integration and advisory services. Our management allocates resources, assesses performance and manages these businesses as three separate segments.
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We evaluate the performance of our segments based on several factors, of which the primary financial measure is income before income taxes. Results of individual businesses are presented based on our management accounting practices and our management structure. Certain amounts are allocated to corporate items in our management reports based on the decision that those activities should not be used to evaluate the segments operating performance, including amounts related to the business combination with OMX AB, the Nord Pool transaction and our acquisition bid for the LSE. See below for further discussion.
The following table presents certain information regarding these operating segments for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006.
Market Services | Issuer Services | Market Technology |
Corporate Items and Eliminations |
Consolidated | |||||||||||||||
(in thousands) | |||||||||||||||||||
2008 (As Adjusted) |
|||||||||||||||||||
Total revenues |
$ | 3,176,423 | $ | 343,159 | $ | 118,800 | $ | 11,813 | $ | 3,650,195 | |||||||||
Cost of revenues |
(2,190,103 | ) | | | | (2,190,103 | ) | ||||||||||||
Revenues less liquidity rebates, brokerage, clearance and exchange fees |
986,320 | 343,159 | 118,800 | 11,813 | 1,460,092 | ||||||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization |
62,858 | 14,345 | 9,713 | 5,662 | 92,578 | ||||||||||||||
Income (loss) before income taxes |
495,628 | 77,102 | (21,580 | ) | (38,432 | )(2) | 512,718 | ||||||||||||
Total assets(1) |
10,411,593 | 698,289 | 259,647 | 1,382,551 | 12,752,080 | ||||||||||||||
Purchases of property and equipment |
30,309 | 10,313 | 13,141 | 956 | 54,719 |
Market Services | Issuer Services | Corporate Items and Eliminations |
Consolidated | ||||||||||||
(in thousands) | |||||||||||||||
2007 (As Adjusted) |
|||||||||||||||
Total revenues |
$ | 2,152,390 | $ | 283,885 | $ | 317 | $ | 2,436,592 | |||||||
Cost of revenues |
(1,624,353 | ) | | | (1,624,353 | ) | |||||||||
Revenues less liquidity rebates, brokerage, clearance and exchange fees |
528,037 | 283,885 | 317 | 812,239 | |||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization |
27,812 | 11,078 | | 38,890 | |||||||||||
Income before income taxes |
306,068 | 75,636 | 412,199 | (3) | 793,903 | ||||||||||
Total assets(1) |
1,322,096 | 239,125 | 1,418,176 | 2,979,397 | |||||||||||
Purchases of property and equipment |
11,940 | 6,549 | | 18,489 | |||||||||||
Market Services | Issuer Services | Corporate Items and Eliminations |
Consolidated | ||||||||||||
(in thousands) | |||||||||||||||
2006 (As Adjusted) |
|||||||||||||||
Total revenues |
$ | 1,408,297 | $ | 249,016 | $ | 463 | $ | 1,657,776 | |||||||
Cost of revenues |
(970,381 | ) | | | (970,381 | ) | |||||||||
Revenues less liquidity rebates, brokerage, clearance and exchange fees |
437,916 | 249,016 | 463 | 687,395 | |||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization |
60,412 | 10,495 | 9 | 70,916 | |||||||||||
Income before income taxes |
137,509 | 50,791 | 24,845 | (4) | 213,145 | ||||||||||
Purchases of property and equipment |
10,893 | 10,132 | 10 | 21,035 |
(1) | Total assets increased $9.7 billion at December 31, 2008 as compared with December 31, 2007. This increase is primarily due to the business combination with OMX, our acquisition of PHLX and the Nord Pool transaction. See Note 3, Business Combinations, for further discussion. |
(2) | The 2008 amounts primarily include: |
| a net loss on foreign currency contracts of $44.5 million, primarily related to our Nord Pool transaction ($71.5 million), partially offset by a $27.0 million gain related to our business combination with OMX AB. See Note 17, Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedging Activities, for further discussion; |
| income from unconsolidated investees, net of $27.3 million, primarily related to our gain on the non-monetary contribution of the Nasdaq trade name to obtain an equity interest in NASDAQ Dubai. See Equity Investment in NASDAQ Dubai, of Note 3, Business Combinations, for further discussion; and |
| an other-than-temporary impairment on a long-term available-for-sale investment security of $34.9 million. See Note 2, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, and Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income, of Note 14, Stockholders Equity, for further discussion. |
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(3) | The 2007 amounts primarily include: |
| gain from the sale of our share capital of the LSE of $431.4 million; |
| gain on foreign currency option contract of $51.8 million, which was purchased to hedge the foreign exchange exposure in connection with our acquisition bid for OMX AB. We also incurred a $7.8 million loss on foreign currency option contracts which we entered into to hedge the foreign exchange exposure on the acquisition bid for the LSE; |
| charges of $19.5 million for a tax sharing payment owed to Instinet for the benefit of SLP and $5.8 million for the loss on the early extinguishment of debt related to the payment in full of our Credit Facilities; |
| dividend income of $14.5 million, related to our investment in the LSE; |
| strategic initiative costs of $26.5 million, incurred in connection with acquiring our current investment in the LSE and our acquisition bid; and |
| interest expense of $27.4 million, related to our investment in the LSE. |
(4) | The 2006 amounts primarily include: |
| gain on foreign currency option contracts of $48.4 million, which was purchased to hedge the foreign currency exposure on our acquisition bid for the LSE; |
| foreign currency gain of $8.2 million, related to our investment in the LSE; |
| dividend income of $16.2 million, related to our investment in the LSE; |
| loss on early extinguishment of debt of $22.0 million, related to the financing of the purchase of our investment in the LSE; and |
| interest expense of $24.1 million, related to our investment in the LSE. |
For further discussion of our segments results, see Item 7. Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of OperationsSegment Operating Results.
Geographic Data
The following table presents revenues and property and equipment, net by geographic area for 2008, 2007 and 2006. Revenues are classified based upon the location of the customer. Property and equipment information is based on the physical location of the assets.
Total Revenues |
Property and Equipment, Net |
||||||
(in thousands) | |||||||
2008: (As Adjusted) |
|||||||
United States |
$ | 3,093,545 | $ | 108,837 | |||
All other countries |
556,650 | 74,106 | (1) | ||||
Total |
$ | 3,650,195 | $ | 182,943 | |||
2007: |
|||||||
United States |
$ | 2,265,635 | $ | 64,157 | |||
All other countries |
170,957 | 366 | |||||
Total |
$ | 2,436,592 | $ | 64,523 | |||
2006: |
|||||||
United States |
$ | 1,580,824 | $ | 64,798 | |||
All other countries |
76,952 | 471 | |||||
Total |
$ | 1,657,776 | $ | 65,269 | |||
(1) | Of this amount, $42.5 million of property and equipment is located in Sweden. |
No single customer accounted for 10.0% or more of our revenues in 2008, 2007 and 2006.
F-71
22. Cost Reduction Program and INET Integration
Charges associated with our cost reduction program ceased during the second quarter of 2007 and charges associated with our integration of INET ceased during the first quarter of 2007. We incurred charges of approximately $4.1 million in 2007 and $40.9 million in 2006 in connection with actions we took to improve our operational efficiency as well as to integrate INET. The following table summarizes these charges which are included in the Consolidated Statements of Income:
Year Ended December 31, | ||||||
2007 | 2006 | |||||
(in millions) | ||||||
Real estate consolidation, net |
$ | | $ | 5.9 | ||
Reductions in force |
2.5 | 6.5 | ||||
Technology migration |
1.6 | 28.5 | ||||
Total cost reduction charges |
$ | 4.1 | $ | 40.9 | ||
Real Estate Consolidation
We continually evaluate all of our real estate to determine whether we can consolidate staff into fewer locations to save significant costs.
In connection with our review of our owned and leased real estate which began in 2003, we have consolidated staff into fewer locations and have saved significant costs. As part of our real estate consolidation plans, in the second quarter of 2006, we decided to sell our building and related assets located at 80 Merritt Boulevard, Trumbull, Connecticut. As a result of this decision, the carrying value of the building and related assets was adjusted to $30.8 million, its fair market value less costs to sell, which was determined based on a quoted market price from an independent third-party. This resulted in a $5.4 million charge recorded in the second quarter of 2006. In July 2006, we completed the sale of this building and related assets for approximately $30.3 million and an additional $0.5 million charge was recorded in the third quarter of 2006 for a total charge of $5.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2006. These charges are included in asset impairment charges in the Consolidated Statements of Income in 2006.
Sublease Loss Reserve
The estimated sublease loss reserve for all subleased properties related to the cost reduction program was approximately $21.1 million at December 31, 2008 and $21.5 million at December 31, 2007 and is primarily included in accounts payable and accrued expenses and other liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The reserve is adjusted throughout the year to reflect interest accretion, rental payments made during the year, depreciation on leasehold improvements if applicable and sublease receipts. The estimated losses were calculated using a 7.0% net discount rate and estimated sublease terms ranging from 2 years to 16 years at estimated market rates. In reviewing our sublease loss reserve analyses, we considered changes in current market conditions.
Reductions in Force
We eliminated 35 positions in 2007 and 100 positions in 2006 and recorded charges of $2.5 million in 2007 and $6.5 million in 2006 for severance and outplacement costs. These charges were included in compensation and benefits expense in the Consolidated Statements of Income. We paid all the severance and outplacement costs related to the charges recorded in 2006 as of December 31, 2007. For the charge recorded in 2007, approximately $2.2 million was paid as of December 31, 2007 and the remaining $0.3 million was paid in 2008.
Technology Migration
As a result of a continued review of our technology infrastructure, we previously shortened the estimated useful life of certain assets and changed the lease terms on certain operating leases associated with our quoting platform and our trading and quoting network, which resulted in incremental depreciation and amortization expense. The INET integration, which is now complete, accelerated our migration to a low-cost trading platform. As a result, the charges associated with these assets were $1.6 million in 2007 and $28.5 million in 2006 and the majority of these charges were included in depreciation and amortization expense in the Consolidated Statements of Income.
F-72
Exhibit 99.2
Consolidated Financial Statements
The Philadelphia Stock Exchange, Inc. and Subsidiaries
June 30, 2008 and 2007
(Unaudited)
Contents |
Page | |
Consolidated Balance Sheets |
2 | |
Consolidated Statements of Operations |
3 | |
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows |
4 | |
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements |
5 |
1
PHILADELPHIA STOCK EXCHANGE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007
June 30, 2008 (unaudited) |
December 31, 2007 |
|||||||
(Dollars in thousands) | ||||||||
ASSETS |
||||||||
Current assets |
||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents |
$ | 47,108 | $ | 46,117 | ||||
Restricted cash |
8,908 | 1,643 | ||||||
Accounts receivable, net |
||||||||
Members |
11,687 | 9,407 | ||||||
Payment for order flow |
6,986 | 6,110 | ||||||
Others |
4,524 | 4,359 | ||||||
Prepaid and other assets |
5,850 | 6,335 | ||||||
Deferred income taxes |
| | ||||||
Clearing and depository items |
6,519 | 7,344 | ||||||
Total current assets |
91,582 | 81,315 | ||||||
Other non-current assets |
||||||||
Advance to clearing accounts |
2,880 | 3,622 | ||||||
Investments available for sale, at fair value |
17,754 | 16,398 | ||||||
Investments held to maturity, at amortized cost |
43 | 47 | ||||||
Investments held to maturity, at amortized costrestricted |
3,021 | 3,026 | ||||||
Equipment and leasehold improvements, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization |
61,451 | 60,551 | ||||||
Other assets |
622 | 612 | ||||||
Deferred income taxes, net |
19,634 | 16,335 | ||||||
Total other assets |
105,405 | 100,591 | ||||||
Total assets |
$ | 196,987 | $ | 181,906 | ||||
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS EQUITY |
||||||||
Current liabilities |
||||||||
Accounts payable and other liabilities |
$ | 22,055 | $ | 18,451 | ||||
Payment for order flow |
15,482 | 7,342 | ||||||
Deferred revenue |
3,762 | 7,544 | ||||||
Deferred credits |
500 | 451 | ||||||
Deferred income taxes, net |
758 | 758 | ||||||
Clearing and depository items |
6,519 | 7,344 | ||||||
Total current liabilities |
49,076 | 41,890 | ||||||
Accrued retiree benefits |
13,680 | 12,755 | ||||||
Management equity plan |
27,322 | 20,867 | ||||||
Accrued governance compensation |
| 2,493 | ||||||
Deferred credits |
4,985 | 4,526 | ||||||
Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan |
5,790 | 4,643 | ||||||
51,777 | 45,284 | |||||||
Total liabilities |
87,174 | |||||||
Shareholders equity |
||||||||
Common Stock, Class B, $0.01 par value 1,000,000 shares authorized, 441,504 shares issued and outstanding |
4 | 5 | ||||||
Preferred Stock, $0.01 par value, 100,000 shares authorized, 1 share issued and outstanding |
| | ||||||
Additional paid-in-capital |
113,614 | 113,614 | ||||||
Accumulated other comprehensive loss |
(3,686 | ) | (3,291 | ) | ||||
Accumulated deficit |
(10,558 | ) | (12,356 | ) | ||||
99,374 | 97,972 | |||||||
Treasury stock |
(3,240 | ) | (3,240 | ) | ||||
Total shareholders equity |
96,134 | 94,732 | ||||||
Total liabilities and shareholders equity |
$ | 196,987 | $ | 181,906 | ||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
2
PHILADELPHIA STOCK EXCHANGE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
Three and Six Months ended June 30, 2008 and 2007
(Unaudited)
(dollars in thousands)
Three Months Ended June 30, |
Six Months Ended June 30, | ||||||||||||
2008 | 2007 | 2008 | 2007 | ||||||||||
Revenues |
|||||||||||||
Transaction fees |
$ | 39,824 | $ | 27,654 | $ | 81,432 | $ | 52,271 | |||||
Other services |
|||||||||||||
Clearing and settlement |
389 | 452 | 805 | 969 | |||||||||
Security price data and floor charges |
5,722 | 2,687 | 9,461 | 5,991 | |||||||||
Regulatory fees |
2,649 | 2,782 | 5,460 | 5,356 | |||||||||
Dividend and interest income |
390 | 694 | 887 | 1,450 | |||||||||
Other |
2,926 | 2,683 | 4,877 | 4,318 | |||||||||
Total revenues |
51,900 | 36,952 | 102,922 | 70,355 | |||||||||
Cost of Revenues |
|||||||||||||
Exchange fees |
136 | 117 | 1,555 | 220 | |||||||||
Liquidity rebates |
10,784 | 5,011 | 22,097 | 10,929 | |||||||||
Total cost of Revenues |
10,920 | 5,128 | 23,652 | 11,149 | |||||||||
Revenues less liquidity rebates and exchange fees |
40,980 | 31,824 | 79,270 | 59,206 | |||||||||
Operating expenses |
|||||||||||||
Staffing costs |
24,419 | 12,963 | 42,154 | 25,483 | |||||||||
Data processing and communication costs |
2,897 | 3,225 | 5,825 | 6,066 | |||||||||
Depreciation and amortization |
3,355 | 3,066 | 6,755 | 5,977 | |||||||||
Occupancy costs |
1,454 | 1,159 | 2,770 | 2,216 | |||||||||
Professional services |
4,312 | 2,676 | 6,608 | 5,885 | |||||||||
Governance compensation |
1,740 | 477 | 3,235 | 924 | |||||||||
Other |
3,712 | 1,693 | 5,620 | 3,570 | |||||||||
Total operating expenses |
41,889 | 25,259 | 72,967 | 50,121 | |||||||||
Income (loss) before income tax expense (benefit) |
(909 | ) | 6,565 | 6,303 | 9,085 | ||||||||
Income tax expense (benefit) |
1,359 | 2,243 | 4,505 | 3,458 | |||||||||
Net income |
$ | (2,268 | ) | $ | 4,322 | $ | 1,798 | $ | 5,627 | ||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
3
PHILADELPHIA STOCK EXCHANGE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
Six Months ended June 30, 2008 and 2007
(Unaudited)
(in thousands)
2008 | 2007 | |||||||
Cash flows from operating activities |
||||||||
Net income |
$ | 1,798 | $ | 5,627 | ||||
Adjustments to reconcile income to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities |
||||||||
Amortization/accretion of bond premiums/discounts |
3 | (14 | ) | |||||
Depreciation and amortization |
6,755 | 5,977 | ||||||
Gain on sale of investments |
(384 | ) | (445 | ) | ||||
Loss on disposal of fixed assets |
75 | | ||||||
Non cash compensation expense, share-based |
6,467 | 2,550 | ||||||
Deferred compensation |
1,147 | 447 | ||||||
Changes in operating assets and liabilities |
||||||||
Accounts receivable, net |
(3,993 | ) | (8,938 | ) | ||||
Provision for rebates, discounts and allowances |
673 | 10 | ||||||
Prepaid and other assets |
475 | (904 | ) | |||||
Deferred taxes, net |
(2,966 | ) | (1,170 | ) | ||||
Accounts payable and other liabilities |
10,249 | (2,310 | ) | |||||
Deferred credits |
508 | (226 | ) | |||||
Deferred revenue |
(3,782 | ) | (3,491 | ) | ||||
Covered sale fee payable |
(86 | ) | 305 | |||||
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities |
16,939 | (2,582 | ) | |||||
Cash flows from investing activities |
||||||||
Proceeds from sale of investments |
2,360 | 3,012 | ||||||
Purchase of investments |
(4,055 | ) | (4,214 | ) | ||||
Restricted cash |
(7,265 | ) | 5,084 | |||||
Capital expenditures |
(7,731 | ) | (13,059 | ) | ||||
Decrease / (increase) in advance to clearing accounts, net |
743 | (33 | ) | |||||
Net cash used in investing activities |
(15,948 | ) | (9,210 | ) | ||||
Cash flows from financing activities |
||||||||
Change in treasury seats |
| (2 | ) | |||||
Net cash used in by financing activities |
| (2 | ) | |||||
Increase / (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents |
991 | (11,794 | ) | |||||
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year |
46,117 | 50,773 | ||||||
Cash and cash equivalents at June 30, 2008 |
$ | 47,108 | $ | 38,979 | ||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
4
PHILADELPHIA STOCK EXCHANGE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007
(unaudited)
NOTE A - ORGANIZATION AND OPERATIONS
The Philadelphia Stock Exchange, Inc. (we, the Company, the Exchange or PHLX), provides a marketplace and facilities for the trading of equity securities, equity option, index option, and foreign currency option products for its members. On January 20, 2004, the Exchange demutualized and was converted from a Delaware non-stock corporation into a Delaware stock corporation. The Exchanges subsidiaries include the Stock Clearing Corporation of Philadelphia (SCCP), the Philadelphia Board of Trade (PBOT), Advanced Tech Source (ATS), and Phlx Investment Product Services (PIPS). SCCP provides an interface clearing arrangement between certain of the Exchanges floor members and National Securities Clearing Corporation (NSCC), and also provides margin services to certain market makers. Pursuant to a 1997 Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) order, the Exchange, SCCP, NSCC, and Depository Trust Company (DTC) entered into an agreement whereby SCCP provides limited clearing services. SCCPs limited clearing services are facilitated through an omnibus account with NSCC and do not include the maintenance or offering of continuous net settlement accounts for its participants. The Exchange and SCCP are subject to regulatory oversight by the SEC. PBOT is subject to oversight by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission and operates as a designated contract market, which allows PBOT to list and trade various futures contracts. PBOT also engages in the distribution of market data products, including futures trading market data and sector index spot and settlement values data. PIPS was organized to develop and to act as sponsor of unit investment trusts to be listed and traded on the Exchange. ATS was organized to provide outsourced data processing services.
NOTE B - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
1. Basis of Presentation
The consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, U.S. GAAP, and include the accounts of PHLX and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
2. Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts and disclosures of contingent amounts in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes.
3. Cash and Cash Equivalents
All highly liquid investments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less are considered cash equivalents.
The Exchange periodically maintains cash balances at a financial institution in excess of the $100,000 Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation insurance limit.
4. Revenue Recognition
Transaction fee revenues include transaction fees primarily from options and regulatory fees. Transaction fees and the majority of clearing and settlement service fees relate to trades executed or cleared through the Exchange and its subsidiaries and are recorded on a settlement date basis and are recognized when earned.
5
Also included in other services is security price data revenue. Security price data revenue includes distributions from the Exchanges participation in the Consolidated Tape Association, the Nasdaq Unlisted Trading Privileges (UTP) Plan and the Options Price Reporting Authority and PBOTs market data revenue from sale of the Exchanges data associated with the current and closing index spot values and the settlement values for the Exchange and SIG Sector Indices and are accrued and recognized in the month the revenue is earned.
Regulatory fees, which include annual registered representative registration renewal fees and initial, transfer and termination fees from parties that are members of the Exchange. The renewal registration fees are billed annually and collected by the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA) and remitted to the Exchange in December preceding the effective year, and are deferred and recognized monthly over the course of the effective year. Registered representative initial registration, transfer and termination fees are also billed and collected by FINRA and are remitted monthly to the Exchange and recognized in the month they are assessed to the member.
Cost of Revenues: Pursuant to Emerging Issues Task Force (EITF) of the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Issue No. 99-19, Reporting Revenue Gross as a Principal versus Net as an Agent, (EITF 99-19), we record execution revenues from transactions on a gross basis in revenues and record related expenses as cost of revenues.
We credit a portion of the per contract transaction charge to the market makers and specialists that execute specific trading-strategy trades. We also provide a transaction charge credit to member organizations who send firm business in excess of monthly volume caps. We record these rebates as a cost of revenues in the Consolidated Statement of Income. These liquidity rebates are paid on a monthly basis and the amounts due are included as a reduction of receivables in the Consolidated Balance Sheet.
Also, we pay Section 31 fees to the SEC for supervision and regulation of securities markets. We pass these costs along to our customers through our transaction fees, which are billed and collected on our behalf by the Options Clearing Corporation (OCC). The fees are a pass-through charge to organizations executing eligible trades through the Exchange and we recognize these amounts in cost of revenues when incurred. Section 31 fees are collected by OCC and, as required by law, the amount due to the SEC is remitted semiannually by OCC on our behalf and recorded as Section 31 fees payable to the SEC in the Consolidated Balance Sheets until paid. Since the amount recorded in revenues is equal to the amount recorded in cost of revenues, there is no impact on our revenues less liquidity rebates, brokerage, clearance and exchange fees (net revenues).
5. Accounts Receivable, net
The Exchanges accounts receivable are primarily due from monthly transaction fees and member fees. Receivables are shown net of reserves for uncollectible accounts. The reserve for bad debts is maintained at a level that management believes to be sufficient to absorb estimated losses in the accounts receivable portfolio. The reserve is increased by the provision for bad debts which is charged against operating results and decreased by the amount of charge-offs, net of recoveries. The amount charged against operating results is based on several factors including, but not limited to, a continuous assessment of the collectability of each account, the length of time a receivable is past due and our historical experience with the particular customer. In circumstances where a specific customers inability to meet its financial obligations is known (i.e., bankruptcy filings), we record a specific provision for bad debts against amounts due to reduce the receivable to the amount we reasonably believe will be collected. Due to changing economic, business and market conditions, we review the reserve for bad debts monthly and make changes to the reserve through the provision for bad debts as appropriate. If circumstances change (i.e., higher than expected defaults or an unexpected material adverse change in a major customers ability to pay), our estimates of recoverability could be reduced by a material amount. Total reserves netted against receivables in the Consolidated Balance Sheet were $2.3 million and $1.6 million at June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, respectively.
6
6. Investments
Investments classified as available for sale are stated at fair value, and any net unrealized gain or loss is reported as a separate component of equity, net of deferred income taxes. Fair value was obtained based on available quoted market prices as of June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007. Debt securities for which the Exchange has the intent and ability to hold to maturity are classified as held to maturity and are valued at cost adjusted for the amortization/accretion of premiums/discounts computed by the interest method. Realized gains or losses recognized on sales of securities are based on the specific classification method and are recorded as of the trade date in the Consolidated Statement of Operations.
7. Equipment and Leasehold Improvements
Equipment and leasehold improvements are carried at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation of furniture and equipment is provided using the straight line method over the estimated useful lives of the applicable assets. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the lesser of the lease term or the useful life of such improvements.
8. Restricted Cash
The Exchange has classified cash totaling $11,000 as restricted at June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, representing capital contributions from owners of exchange memberships used for funding technological improvements and other capital needs including principal payments with respect to certain loans. The Exchange has classified cash totaling $8,497,000 and $1,232,000 as of June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, respectively, as restricted, representing funds collected from market makers and specialists for the purpose of making qualifying payments for order flow, as more fully described in note G (Payment for Order Flow). Additionally, the Exchange has classified $400,000 as restricted at June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, representing SCCP restricted cash, deposits and escrow amounts.
All SCCP participant funds are maintained in cash, cash equivalents, or short-term investments, except for amounts utilized to satisfy the Depository Trust and Clearing Corporation (DTCC) participant fund requirements with respect to SCCPs omnibus clearance and settlement accounts. At June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, the participant funds were invested in overnight reverse repurchase agreements and are included in Clearing and Depository items on the Consolidated Balance Sheet.
9. Deferred Revenue
The Exchange has classified amounts totaling $3,762,000 (comprised of regulatory fees of $3,718,000, listing fees of $6,000 and licensing fees of $38,000) and $7,544,000 (comprised of regulatory fees of $7,436,000 and licensing fees of $108,000) as deferred income at June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, respectively. Deferred income is amortized to income over the applicable future year.
10. Deferred Credits
The Exchange has classified amounts totaling $5,485,000 (comprised of rent credits of $5,207,000 and depreciation credits of $278,000) and $4,977,000 (comprised of rent credits of $4,642,000 and depreciation credits of $335,000) as deferred credits at June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, respectively. The deferred rent credit (see note J.1) represents the tenant improvement allowance paid to the Exchange and will be amortized over the life of the lease renewal. The deferred depreciation credit represents a reimbursement of equipment purchases and internally developed software expenses related to development of PBOTs trading platform and will be amortized over the life of the equipment and software.
11. Securities Purchased Under Agreements to Resell
Relative to SCCP, transactions involving purchases of securities under agreements to resell (reverse repurchase agreements or reverse repos) are accounted for as collateralized financings except where SCCP does not have an agreement to sell (or purchase) the same, or substantially the same, securities
7
before maturity at a fixed or determinable price. It is the policy of SCCP to obtain possession of or the legal right to collateral with a market value equal to or in excess of the principal amount loaned under reverse repurchase agreements. Collateral is valued daily, and SCCP may require counterparties to deposit additional collateral or return pledges when appropriate. As of June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, SCCP had open reverse repurchase agreements, which amounted to $5,928,742 and $5,638,957, respectively, and are included in clearing and depository items on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. The value of securities taken as collateral for these contracts was $6,225,180 and $5,920,905 at June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, respectively.
SCCP enters into collateralized reverse repurchase agreements which may result in credit exposure in the event the counterparties to the transactions are unable to fulfill their contractual obligations. SCCP attempts to minimize the credit risk associated with these activities by monitoring the collateral value on a periodic basis and requiring additional collateral to be deposited with SCCP when deemed necessary.
12. Government and Government Agency Securities
SCCP maintains a $3,000,000 reserve fund that is invested in government securities. Pursuant to SCCP rules, the reserve fund is to be used to cover all reasonably anticipated operating expenses of SCCP and must be replenished within 60 days of the use of such monies. At June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, this reserve fund was part of investments held to maturity, at amortized cost - restricted, which totaled $3,021,000 and $3,026,000, respectively.
13. Participants Securities Transactions
SCCPs participants securities transactions are reported on a settlement date basis.
14. Participants Margin Accounts
Relative to SCCP, margin accounts receivable from and payable to participants include amounts due on cash and margin transactions. Securities owned by participants and held as collateral are not reflected in the consolidated financial statements. Securities owned by participants are marked to market in determining equity for margining purposes.
SCCP is potentially exposed to credit risk arising from nonperformance of its margin members in meeting their settlement obligations.
15. Income Taxes
The Exchange uses the asset and liability method required by Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) No. 109, Accounting for Income Taxes, SFAS 109, to provide relevant taxes on all transactions recorded in the Exchanges financial statements. Deferred income taxes are recognized for the tax consequences of differences in future years between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their financial reporting amounts at each year-end based on tax laws and statutory tax rates applicable to the periods in which the differences are expected to result in taxable income. If necessary, a valuation allowance is established to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount that is more likely than not to be realized. As of June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, the Exchange had no valuation allowance. Income tax expense is the tax payable for the period and the change during the period in deferred tax assets and liabilities.
The Exchange recognizes and measures unrecognized tax benefits in accordance with FASB Interpretation No. 48, Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes an interpretation of FASB Statement No. 109, (FIN 48). FIN 48 includes a minimum recognition threshold that a tax position is required to meet before being recognized in the financial statements.
8
16. Computer Software Developed or Obtained for Internal Use
The Exchange follows the provisions of American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA) Statement of Position (SOP) No. 98-1, Accounting for the Costs of Computer Software Developed or Obtained for Internal Use, which requires entities to capitalize direct internal and external costs that meet certain capitalization criteria. Accordingly, the Exchange capitalized $3,526,000 and $2,560,000 through June 30, 2008 and 2007, respectively.
17. Comprehensive Income
The Exchange follows the provisions of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) No. 130, Reporting Comprehensive Income. SFAS No. 130 establishes standards to provide prominent disclosure of comprehensive income items. Comprehensive income is the change in equity of a business enterprise during a period from transactions and other events and circumstances from non-operating sources. Other comprehensive loss consists of net unrealized losses on investment securities available for sale and pension and postretirement plan adjustments. The components of other comprehensive income (loss) are as follows:
Three months ended June 30, 2008 | ||||||||||||
Before tax amount |
Tax expense (benefit) |
Net of tax amount |
||||||||||
(Dollars in thousands) | ||||||||||||
Unrealized losses on securities |
||||||||||||
Unrealized holding losses arising during period |
$ | 428 | $ | 195 | $ | 233 | ||||||
Less reclassification adjustment for gains realized in net income |
(414 | ) | (189 | ) | (225 | ) | ||||||
Unrealized losses on securities |
14 | 6 | 8 | |||||||||
Pension liability adjustments |
| | | |||||||||
Other comprehensive loss, net |
$ | 14 | $ | 6 | $ | 8 | ||||||
9
Three months ended June 30, 2007 | ||||||||||||
Before tax amount |
Tax expense (benefit) |
Net of tax amount |
||||||||||
(Dollars in thousands) | ||||||||||||
Unrealized losses on securities |
||||||||||||
Unrealized holding gains arising during period |
$ | 231 | $ | 106 | $ | 125 | ||||||
Less reclassification adjustment for gains realized in net income |
(532 | ) | (243 | ) | (289 | ) | ||||||
Unrealized gains on securities |
(301 | ) | (137 | ) | (164 | ) | ||||||
Other comprehensive income, net |
$ | (301 | ) | $ | (137 | ) | $ | (164 | ) | |||
Six months ended June 30, 2008 | ||||||||||||
Before tax amount |
Tax expense (benefit) |
Net of tax amount |
||||||||||
(Dollars in thousands) | ||||||||||||
Unrealized losses on securities |
||||||||||||
Unrealized holding losses arising during period |
$ | 1,111 | $ | 507 | $ | 604 | ||||||
Less reclassification adjustment for gains realized in net income |
(384 | ) | (175 | ) | (209 | ) | ||||||
Unrealized losses on securities |
727 | 332 | 395 | |||||||||
Pension liability adjustments |
| | | |||||||||
Other comprehensive loss, net |
$ | 727 | $ | 332 | $ | 395 | ||||||
Six months ended June 30, 2007 | ||||||||||||
Before tax amount |
Tax expense (benefit) |
Net of tax amount |
||||||||||
(Dollars in thousands) | ||||||||||||
Unrealized gains on securities |
||||||||||||
Unrealized holding gains arising during period |
$ | (206 | ) | $ | (94 | ) | $ | (112 | ) | |||
Less reclassification adjustment for gains realized in net income |
(445 | ) | (203 | ) | (242 | ) | ||||||
Unrealized gains on securities |
(651 | ) | (297 | ) | (354 | ) | ||||||
Other comprehensive income, net |
$ | (651 | ) | $ | (297 | ) | $ | (354 | ) | |||
10
18. Share-Based Compensation
We account for share-based compensation in accordance with SFAS 123(R), Share Based Payment, which requires the measurement and recognition of compensation expense for all share-based payment awards made to employees including employee stock options and restricted stock units (RSUs) based on estimated fair values of the Companys stock. We recognize compensation expense for share-based awards on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of the award. RSU expense totaled $3,230,000 and $6,467,000 for the three and six-month periods ended June 30, 2008, respectively and $2,550,000 and $1,275,000 for the three and six-month periods ended June 30, 2007, respectively , which are included in staffing costs on the Consolidated Statement of Operations.
19. Pension Plan
Pension costs reflect an allocation of aggregate pension costs under a plan sponsored by the Parent. The Exchange funds the plan subject to the full funding limitation of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974.
In September 2006, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued SFAS 158, Employers Accounting for Defined Benefit Pension and Other Postretirement Plans: an amendment of FASB Statements No. 87, 88, 106, and 132(R). SFAS 158 requires the Exchange to recognize the funded status of its defined benefit postretirement benefit plan in the Exchanges statement of financial position. The funded status was previously disclosed in the notes to the Exchanges financial statements, but differed from the amount recognized in the balance sheet. SFAS 158 does not change the accounting for the Exchanges defined contribution plan.
The recognition and disclosure provisions of SFAS 158 are effective for fiscal years ending after June 15, 2007, for nonpublic entities with defined benefit plans and are to be applied as of the end of the year of adoption. Retrospective application is not permitted. The Exchange voluntarily adopted the recognition and disclosures provisions of SFAS 158 effective December 31, 2006. The Exchange uses a December 31 measurement date for its pension and postretirement health benefit plan and thus the measurement date provisions will not affect the Exchange. Application of SFAS 158 will not change the calculation of net income in future periods, but will affect the calculation of other comprehensive income. There is no material impact to the consolidated financial statements as of June 30, 2008.
20. Postretirement Health Benefit Plan
Net postretirement health benefit costs are not funded. The net transition obligation for the plan is being amortized over a 20-year period, and will be fully amortized by January 1, 2013.
21. Reclassifications
Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation.
22. New Accounting Pronouncements
SFAS No. 157 As of January 1, 2008, we adopted on a prospective basis certain required provisions of SFAS No. 157, Fair Value Measurements, (SFAS 157) as amended by FASB Financial Staff Position, or FSP, No. 157-2, Effective Date of FASB Statement No. 157, (FSP 157-2). Those provisions relate to our financial assets and liabilities carried at fair value and our fair value disclosures related to financial assets and liabilities. SFAS 157 defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. As such, our financial assets and financial liabilities recorded at fair value have been categorized based upon a fair value hierarchy in accordance with SFAS 157. See Note D, Investments, for further discussion. The adoption of SFAS 157 did not have a significant impact on our consolidated financial statements.
11
In February 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 159, The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities Including an amendment of FASB Statement No. 115. SFAS No. 159 expands the use of fair value accounting but does not affect existing standards, which require assets and liabilities to be carried at fair value. Under SFAS No. 159, a company many elect to use fair value to measure accounts and loans receivable, available-for-sale and held-to-maturity securities, equity method investments, accounts payable, guarantees, issued debt and other eligible financial instruments. SFAS No. 159 is effective for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007. The Exchange has elected not to adopt SFAS No. 159.
NOTE C - REGULATORY DIRECTIVES
Pursuant to investigations conducted by the SEC regarding, among other things, listing and competition-related behavior, and by the United States Department of Justice (DOJ) regarding antitrust, the SEC and DOJ in the year 2000 entered into settlements with the Exchange and certain other options exchanges.
On September 11, 2000, the SEC issued an Order Instituting Public Administrative Proceedings (the 2000 Order), which accepted the settlement offers of the Exchange and certain other options exchanges, censured them, and, among other things, required them to adopt or modify certain rules regarding listing, allocation, harassment or intimidation, order handling, and certain other competition-related behavior. The 2000 Order also required the Exchange, jointly with other defendant exchanges, to establish a consolidated audit trail system, reform the plan by which capacity is procured and allocated and reform the plan by which exchanges list options. The 2000 Order also required the Exchange and other exchanges to enhance their surveillance, investigation, and enforcement processes.
On September 11, 2000, a U.S. district court entered a Proposed Final Judgment (the Judgment), which instituted an antitrust proceeding brought by the DOJ and likewise accepted the settlement offers of the Exchange and certain other options exchanges. The Judgment, which was finalized by the court on December 6, 2000, among other things, established periodic reporting requirements, required the Exchange and the other exchanges to designate an Antitrust Compliance Officer and initiate an Antitrust Compliance Program, and prohibited certain agreements between and among the exchanges. The Judgment expires ten years from the date of its entry.
NOTE D - INVESTMENTS
As of June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, PHLX financial assets are categorized as Level 1 assets in accordance with SFAS 157. The amortized cost, gross unrealized gains and losses and estimated fair values of the Exchanges investment securities are summarized as follows (in thousands):
June 30, 2008 | ||||||||||||
Amortized cost |
Gross unrealized gains |
Gross unrealized losses |
Estimated fair value | |||||||||
(Dollars in thousands) | ||||||||||||
Available-for-sale |
||||||||||||
Equity securities |
$ | 15,144 | $ | 2,636 | $ | 1,037 | $ | 16,743 | ||||
Debt securities |
1,016 | 11 | 16 | 1,011 | ||||||||
$ | 16,160 | $ | 2,647 | $ | 1,053 | $ | 17,754 | |||||
Held-to-maturity |
||||||||||||
Debt securities |
$ | 3,064 | $ | 7 | $ | 1 | $ | 3,070 | ||||
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December 31, 2007 | ||||||||||||
Amortized cost |
Gross unrealized gains |
Gross unrealized losses |
Estimated fair value | |||||||||
(Dollars in thousands) | ||||||||||||
Available-for-sale |
||||||||||||
Equity securities |
$ | 13,036 | $ | 2,807 | $ | 503 | $ | 15,340 | ||||
Debt securities |
1,049 | 14 | 5 | 1,058 | ||||||||
$ | 14,085 | $ | 2,821 | $ | 508 | $ | 16,398 | |||||
Held-to-maturity |
||||||||||||
Debt securities |
$ | 3,073 | $ | 23 | $ | 1 | $ | 3,095 | ||||
The amortized cost and estimated fair value of investment securities, by contractual maturity at June 30, 2008 (in thousands), are shown below:
Available-for-sale | Held-to-maturity | |||||||||||
Amortized cost |
Estimated fair value |
Amortized cost |
Estimated fair value | |||||||||
(Dollars in thousands) | ||||||||||||
Due within five years |
$ | | $ | | $ | 3,001 | $ | 3,008 | ||||
Municipal securities |
533 | 521 | | | ||||||||
Other securities |
483 | 490 | 63 | 62 | ||||||||
Total debt securities |
$ | 1,016 | $ | 1,011 | $ | 3,064 | $ | 3,070 | ||||
Proceeds from the sales of investments and gross realized gains and losses on such sales for the three and six months ended June 30, 2008 and 2007 were as follows:
Three months ended June 30, 2008 |
Three months ended June 30, 2007 |
Six months ended June 30, 2008 |
Six months ended June 30, 2007 |
||||||||||||
(Dollars in thousands) | |||||||||||||||
Proceeds |
$ | 1,724 | $ | 1,959 | $ | 2,321 | $ | 2,967 | |||||||
Gross gains |
446 | 532 | 506 | 537 | |||||||||||
Gross losses |
(32 | ) | | (122 | ) | (92 | ) |
The table below indicates the length of time individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position as of June 30, 2008 (in thousands):
Less than 12 months | 12 months or longer | Total | ||||||||||||||||||
Description of Securities |
Number of securities |
Fair value |
Unrealized losses |
Fair Value |
Unrealized losses |
Fair value |
Unrealized losses | |||||||||||||
Municipal Securities |
1 | 521 | 13 | | | 521 | 13 | |||||||||||||
Marketable equity securities |
27 | 4,408 | 747 | 891 | 290 | 5,049 | 1,037 | |||||||||||||
Other securities |
5 | $ | | $ | | $ | 136 | $ | 3 | $ | 136 | $ | 3 | |||||||
Total temporarily impaired investment securities |
33 | $ | 4,929 | $ | 760 | $ | 1,027 | $ | 293 | $ | 5,706 | $ | 1,053 | |||||||
13
Management has considered factors regarding other than temporarily impaired securities and determined that there are no securities that are impaired as of June 30, 2008.
At June 30, 2008 and 2007, the SCCP held shares of DTCC common stock. As a member firm of DTCC, SCCP is designated, by DTCC rule, as a mandatory purchaser participant and is required to own the shares for as long as it remains a member. The number of shares required to be owned is determined by DTCC and the Exchange is prohibited from owning anything more or less than the amount calculated by DTCC. The shares are substantially restricted and cannot be sold to any party other than the DTCC. For this reason, these shares are recorded at cost and are classified in other assets on the Exchanges balance sheet at June 30, 2008 and 2007.
NOTE E - EQUIPMENT AND LEASEHOLD IMPROVEMENTS
The Exchanges investment in equipment and leasehold improvements comprises the following at June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007:
Estimated useful lives |
2008 | 2007 | ||||||
(Dollars in thousands) | ||||||||
Equipment |
3 -7 years | $ | 54,662 | $ | 53,123 | |||
Software |
5 years | 47,407 | 43,341 | |||||
Leasehold improvements |
Various | 30,344 | 28,239 | |||||
132,413 | 124,703 | |||||||
Less - accumulated depreciation and amortization |
70,962 | 64,152 | ||||||
$ | 61,451 | $ | 60,551 | |||||
NOTE F - CLEARING ITEMS
The clearing items represent cash, receivables and payables for open securities transactions cleared for participants through SCCPs clearing system. A summary of the balances at June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, follows:
2008 | 2007 | |||||
(Dollars in thousands) | ||||||
Cash - restricted |
$ | 75 | $ | 67 | ||
Securities purchased under agreements to resell - restricted |
3,052 | 3,012 | ||||
Securities purchased under agreements to resell |
2,877 | 2,627 | ||||
Cash |
100 | 108 | ||||
Margin accounts, debit balances |
106 | 1,104 | ||||
Miscellaneous accounts, debit balances |
5 | 1 | ||||
Omnibus accounts with other clearing organizations |
6 | 4 | ||||
Deposits with other clearing agencies |
298 | 421 | ||||
$ | 6,519 | $ | 7,344 | |||
14
2008 | 2007 | |||||
(Dollars in thousands) | ||||||
Margin accounts, credit balances |
$ | 208 | $ | 215 | ||
Continuous net settlement and other accounts, credit balances |
7 | 7 | ||||
Participants fund |
3,425 | 3,500 | ||||
Advance from corporate accounts |
2,879 | 3,622 | ||||
Dividend and other payables |
| | ||||
$ | 6,519 | $ | 7,344 | |||
SCCP participants are required to contribute to the Participants Fund (the Fund). Amounts are dependent upon the nature and volume of services utilized by the participant. The Fund is designed to provide security for participants obligations to SCCP, and is available to protect against the possibility of certain losses and as necessary to meet participant fund requirements of NSCC and/or DTC. SCCP determined that each participants contribution was in accordance with the formulas approved by the SCCP Board of Directors. All formulas have been applied to all SCCP participants on a uniform non-discriminatory basis.
All required contributions to the Fund must be made in cash and SCCP may allocate any portion of the Fund to satisfy DTCCs participant fund requirements with respect to SCCPs Omnibus Clearance and Settlement account. Accordingly, at June 30, 2008, SCCP had $298,000 deposited with DTCC, at December 31, 2007, SCCP had $420,000 deposited with DTCC. SCCPs excess participant fund cash not used to fund its DTCC participants fund requirements is segregated and invested by SCCP in accordance with its rules.
SCCP rebates interest monthly to participants with deposits greater than $50,000 at the average federal funds rate, less one half of a percent. Through June 30, 2008 and 2007, SCCP rebated $5,000 and $18,000, respectively, in interest, to the participants in accordance with the formulas. The participants fund consisted of $3,425,000 and $3,500,000 in cash deposits and securities at June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, respectively.
NOTE G - PAYMENT FOR ORDER FLOW
The Exchange administers the collection and payment of Payment for Order Flow (PFOF) fees assessed on certain qualifying transactions. PFOF funds are made available to order flow providers at the direction of specialist units and Directed Registered Options Traders. At June 30, 2008, the Exchange held total cash in the amount of $8,496,000 and total receivable and payable balances of $6,986,000 and $15,482,000, respectively, related to its PFOF programs. At December 31, 2007, the Exchange held total cash in the amount of $1,232,000 and total receivable and payable balances of $6,110,000 and $7,342,000, respectively, related to its PFOF programs.
NOTE H - NOTES PAYABLE
During 2008, the Exchange maintained two collateralized line of credit facilities. Under these facilities, the Exchange has lines of credit totaling $10,000,000, comprised of agreements of $5,000,000 each at two different banks. Interest on outstanding balances is payable at the prime rate minus 0.5% and the prime rate, respectively. During 2007, the Exchange maintained two collateralized line of credit facilities. Under these facilities, the Exchange has lines of credit totaling $10,000,000, comprised of agreements of $5,000,000 each at two different banks. Interest on
15
outstanding balances is payable at the prime rate. The Exchange has pledged a minimum of $1,500,000 in marketable securities and certain of its accounts receivable to each bank as collateral for the lines of credit. At June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, no portion of the lines of credit was outstanding. The agreements were terminated at June 30, 2008.
During 2008 and 2007, SCCP maintained two collateralized line-of-credit agreements. Under these agreements, SCCP has lines of credit totaling $40,000,000, comprised of agreements of $20,000,000 each at two different banks. Interest is payable to the two accounts at the federal funds rate plus 1.6%. At June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, no portion of the lines of credit was outstanding. The agreements were terminated at December 31, 2008.
NOTE I - EMPLOYEE BENEFITS
1. Pension Plan and Postretirement Health Benefit Plan
The Exchange participates in a trusteed noncontributory pension plan and a postretirement benefit plan covering substantially all employees of the Parent and its subsidiaries. The Exchange provides defined benefits which are generally a function of years of service and based on an employees average pay over the employees career with the Exchange.
The postretirement benefit plan provides certain health care and life insurance benefits for retired employees. Substantially all of the Exchanges employees may become eligible for those benefits if they reach normal retirement age while employed by the Exchange and fulfill other eligibility requirements as specified by the plan.
2. Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan
The Exchange maintains nonqualified Supplemental Executive Retirement Plans (Plans) for certain key executives. The Plans are unfunded. The Exchange has reflected its liability related to the Plans of $5,790,000 and $4,643,000 as deferred compensation in the accompanying balance sheet at June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, respectively.
3. Savings Plan
The Exchange and SCCP also participate in a voluntary defined contribution 401(k) plan which covers substantially all of the Exchange and its Subsidiaries employees. Employer contributions to this 401(k) plan were $425,000 and $716,000 through June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007 respectively.
In December 2006, the Board of Governors approved changes to the Exchanges retirement program. Employees hired on or after January 1, 2007 participate in an enhanced 401(k) plan only. Employees hired prior to January 1, 2007 were given a one-time opportunity to choose between continued participation in the current defined benefit pension plan plus current 401(k) plan or participation in the enhanced 401(k) plan.
NOTE J - COMMITMENT AND CONTINGENCIES
1. Operating Leases
Rental expense was $1,399,000 and $1,040,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2008 and 2007, respectively and $2,678,000 and $2,057,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2008 and 2007, respectively. Rental expense includes $66,000 and $131,000 for the three and six months ended June 30, 2008 and $56,000 and $111,000 for the three and six months ended June 30, 2007, for taxes and maintenance related to leased property. The Exchange has classified amounts totaling $5.2 million and $4.6 million as deferred rent credits at June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, respectively. The deferred rent credit represents the tenant improvement allowance paid to the Exchange and will be amortized over the life of the lease renewal.
16
The Exchanges minimum future annual rental obligations, exclusive of insurance, maintenance, and other costs, applicable to existing operating leases, are as follows:
Year ending December 31, (in thousands)
2008 (Jul Dec) |
$ | 1,947 | |
2009 |
3,806 | ||
2010 |
3,742 | ||
2011 and thereafter |
42,696 | ||
$ | 52,191 | ||
2. Other
We may be subject to claims arising out of the conduct of our business. We are not currently a party to any litigation that we believe could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, or operating results. However, from time to time, we have been threatened with, or named as a defendant in, lawsuits or involved in regulatory proceedings.
17
NOTE K - EQUITY
1. Equity
The Exchange is authorized to issue (i) 1,000,000 shares of common stock, 50,500 shares of which are designated Class A Common Stock and 949,500 shares of which are designated Class B Common Stock (collectively, the Common Stock), and (ii) 100,000 shares of preferred stock, all with a par value of $.01 per share. As described below, one share of Series A Preferred Stock was issued.
Shareholder and Independent Governors of the Exchange are elected by the holders of the Common Stock. Member and Designated Independent Governors are chosen, and their removal may be directed by the members (permit holders) of the Exchange. All voting rights of a member are exercised through the member organization with which the member is primarily affiliated. The Member and Designated Independent Governors who are chosen by the members are formally elected at the annual meeting of stockholders by the PHLX Member Voting Trust (the Trust), a Delaware statutory trust whose trustee is an independent institution that is required to vote in accordance with the vote of the Exchanges members. One share of Series A Preferred Stock of the Exchange was issued to the Trust, the sole purpose of which is to allow the Trust to vote for the election or removal of Member and Designated Independent Governors as directed by a member vote. Except for the election and removal of Member and Designated Independent Governors, and subject to the rights of any class or series of preferred stock if and when issued, the Common Stock retains all voting rights of the stockholders of the Exchange.
The holders of the Common Stock will have all dividend and other distribution rights of stockholders in the Exchange, subject to the rights of any class or series of preferred stock, if and when issued. The Series A Preferred Stock does not have any dividend rights. The Exchanges by-laws prohibit the payment of dividends from revenues received by the Exchange from regulatory fines, fees or penalties.
On January 20, 2007, the third anniversary of the demutualization of the Exchange, all 46,900 shares of Class A Common Stock converted to Class B Common Stock such that all 441,504 shares of the Exchange are, as of that date, Class B shares. Upon conversion to Class B, the eligibility of holders of Class A shares for a contingent dividend terminated. The former holders of the Class A shares otherwise continue to have the same rights and privileges, including voting, as the Class B holders.
NOTE L - MANAGEMENT EQUITY PLAN
On December 14, 2006, the Exchange established the Philadelphia Stock Exchange, Inc. 2005 Stock Incentive Plan (Plan) whereby the Board of Governors may grant Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) to management, which is defined in the Plan as a notional unit representing the right to receive one share of stock on a settlement date at which time, all vested RSUs shall be settled by issuance of shares of stock underlying such vested units, or at the discretion of the Compensation Committee, in cash or partially in cash and partially in shares of stock. The settlement dates shall be the earliest to occur of (i) the third anniversary of the date of the grant; (ii) a change in control; or (iii) termination of employment or service. The Exchange has accounted for the awards using the assumption that the awards will be fully settled in cash. Fair value of the Exchanges stock is based on an independent valuation. The RSUs shall vest in accordance with the following schedule, subject to each holders continued employment or service with the Exchange or its affiliates as applicable: (i) 33.3% of the RSUs shall be vested on the date of the grant; and the remaining 66.7% of such RSUs shall vest ratably in 24 equal monthly installments beginning on the first day of each of the subsequent 24 months following the date of the grant. Compensation expense is charged to earnings over the vesting of each award. The charge is based upon each awards current value, which is adjusted annually to reflect changes in value associated with movements in the value of the Exchanges stock. The number of RSUs to be given to each individual was set at a special meeting of the Board of Governors on December 19, 2006. During the year ended December 31, 2006, the Exchange awarded 17,761 RSUs with a grant date value of $860 per unit vesting over three years ending December 31, 2008. During the year ended December 31,
18
2007, the Exchange awarded 8,984 RSUs with a grant date value of $1,340 per unit vesting over two and three years ending December 31, 2009. The Exchange revalued all RSUs as of December 31, 2007 based on a fair value of $1,340 per unit. The Exchange revalued all RSUs as of March 31, 2008 based on a fair value of $1,340 per unit. Total compensation expense related to the Plan was $3,233,000 and $1,275,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2008 and 2007, respectively and $6,467,000 and $2,550,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2008 and 2007, respectively, and is included in staffing costs on the consolidated statements of operations and in management equity plan on the consolidated balance sheets. Additional compensation expense related to these awards, estimated to be $8,505,000, and the related income taxes, will be recognized over the vesting period through December 31, 2009.
Included as part of the compensation approved by the Board of Governors at the December 19, 2006 regular meeting was change of control arrangements for certain members of executive management as well as the Independent Governors on the Board of Governors.
NOTE M - COMPENSATION PACKAGES
Also in 2007, the Board of Governors approved cash compensation awards totaling $5,000,000 to all Governors substantially similar to RSU awards granted to management, with vesting through December 31, 2008 or at a change in control. The Board of Governors also granted increased executive cash compensation in the amount of $5,300,000 reflecting the Boards policy to compensate executives at 90% of the Exchanges peer group, with executives waiving any additional increases to the change in control payments. In 2007, the Board of Governors approved additional change of control agreements for the non-independent Governors.
NOTE N - STAY PAY BONUSES
Due to the acquisition agreement with NASDAQ OMX, the Exchange implemented stay pay bonus programs in January and April 2008 totaling $4,727,000 payable to employees who continue their employment with the Exchange and/or the NASDAQ OMX through July 30, 2008 and/or August 15, 2008 (stay pay dates). The stay pay bonus will be paid in a lump sum within 30 business days following the stay pay dates.
The Board has also approved compensation in the amount of $5,385,000 for performance and long-term incentive for the first six months of 2008. The bonuses were paid May 15, 2008.
NOTE O - SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
The Company has evaluated subsequent events through the date of January 11, 2010.
On November 6, 2007, the Exchange entered into a definitive agreement to be acquired by the NASDAQ OMX Group, Inc. (NASDAQ). The transaction, which was approved by the Exchange shareholders, closed on July 23, 2008 for purchase consideration totaling $652,000,000 plus the capitalized cost and working capital surplus of approximately $55,500,000. The calculation of the working capital surplus is defined in the agreement.
Subsequent to the acquisition of the Exchange by NASDAQ OMX on July 24, 2008, the Philadelphia Stock Exchange, Inc. and Stock Clearing Corporation of Philadelphia Employees Pension Plan (the PHLX Pension Plan) was frozen, effective December 31, 2008. As a result, future service and salary for all participants will not count toward an accrual of benefits under the PHLX Pension Plan after December 31, 2008. However (i) the PHLX Pension Plan legally remains in effect and (ii) all of the other terms and conditions of the PHLX Pension Plan (including those governing the time and form of benefit payment) continue to apply without any change. Accordingly, the freeze did not accelerate the payment of benefits under the PHLX Pension Plan. The freeze had no effect on the Pension Plan but did result in a $759,000 curtailment gain in the Postretirement Benefits Plan. The PHLX Pension Plan is currently sponsored by NASDAQ OMX PHLX.
19
With the cessation of the SCCPs clearing operations at December 31, 2008, the return of the participants funds began in 2009 in accordance with the SCCPs rules. By September 30, 2009, all of the participants funds were returned. NASDAQ OMX will retain the clearing license but has no plans to activate it at this time.
As a result of the acquisition of the Exchange by the NASDAQ OMX, the 26,000 square feet of office space at the Philadelphia Navy Yard was determined to be leased space that would not be utilized. As such, as part of the NASDAQ OMXs acquisition plan of the Exchange, the lease obligation was evaluated. As a result, an amount of approximately $4,867,000 was recorded as a sublease reserve as an adjustment to goodwill as part of the purchase price allocation.
The SCCP credit line agreements were terminated at December 31, 2008.
The Exchanges 401(K) plan was merged into the 401(k) plan of NASDAQ OMX effective January 1, 2009.
20
Exhibit 99.3
THE NASDAQ OMX GROUP, INC.
UNAUDITED PRO FORMA CONDENSED COMBINED STATEMENT OF INCOME
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2008
NASDAQ OMX Consolidated |
PHLX: 1/1/08- 7/23/08 |
PHLX Pro Forma Adjustments |
Note | Pro Forma Combined |
|||||||||||||||
(Dollars in thousands) | |||||||||||||||||||
Revenues |
|||||||||||||||||||
Market Services |
$ | 3,176,423 | $ | 98,580 | $ | | $ | 3,275,003 | |||||||||||
Issuer Services |
343,159 | 78 | | 343,237 | |||||||||||||||
Market Technology |
118,800 | | | 118,800 | |||||||||||||||
Other |
11,813 | 473 | | 12,286 | |||||||||||||||
Total revenues |
3,650,195 | 99,131 | | 3,749,326 | |||||||||||||||
Cost of revenue |
|||||||||||||||||||
Liquidity rebates |
(1,744,236 | ) | (7,988 | ) | | (1,752,224 | ) | ||||||||||||
Brokerage, clearance and exchange fees |
(445,867 | ) | (1,925 | ) | | (447,792 | ) | ||||||||||||
Total cost of revenues |
(2,190,103 | ) | (9,913 | ) | | (2,200,016 | ) | ||||||||||||
Revenues less liquidity rebates, brokerage, clearance and exchange fees |
1,460,092 | 89,218 | | 1,549,310 | |||||||||||||||
Expenses |
|||||||||||||||||||
Compensation and benefits |
400,960 | 86,099 | (50,089 | ) | 3 | (b) | 436,970 | ||||||||||||
Marketing and advertising |
18,613 | | | 18,613 | |||||||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization |
92,578 | 7,520 | 6,360 | 3 | (a) | 106,458 | |||||||||||||
Professional and contract services |
71,895 | 16,246 | (9,181 | ) | 3 | (c) | 78,960 | ||||||||||||
Computer operations and data communications |
54,471 | 6,789 | | 61,260 | |||||||||||||||
Occupancy |
65,174 | 3,175 | | 68,349 | |||||||||||||||
Regulatory |
28,943 | | | 28,943 | |||||||||||||||
Merger expenses |
25,383 | | | 25,383 | |||||||||||||||
General, administrative and other |
61,902 | 14,041 | (6,648 | ) | 3 | (d) | 69,295 | ||||||||||||
Total operating expenses |
819,919 | 133,870 | (59,558 | ) | 894,231 | ||||||||||||||
Operating income |
640,173 | (44,652 | ) | 59,558 | 655,079 | ||||||||||||||
Interest income |
34,509 | 604 | | 35,113 | |||||||||||||||
Interest expense |
(97,524 | ) | | (18,400 | ) | 3 | (e) | (115,924 | ) | ||||||||||
Dividend and Investment income |
8,382 | 387 | | 8,769 | |||||||||||||||
Income from unconsolidated investees, net |
27,321 | | | 27,321 | |||||||||||||||
Loss on foreign currency contracts |
(57,959 | ) | | | (57,959 | ) | |||||||||||||
Asset impairment charges |
(42,184 | ) | | | (42,184 | ) | |||||||||||||
Income before income taxes |
512,718 | (43,661 | ) | 41,158 | 510,215 | ||||||||||||||
Income tax provision (benefit) |
197,965 | (7,712 | ) | 6,580 | 3 | (f) | 196,833 | ||||||||||||
Net income |
$ | 314,753 | $ | (35,949 | ) | $ | 34,578 | $ | 313,382 | ||||||||||
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests |
(1,483 | ) | | | (1,483 | ) | |||||||||||||
Net income attributable to NASDAQ OMX |
$ | 313,270 | $ | (35,949 | ) | $ | 34,578 | $ | 311,899 | ||||||||||
Basic and diluted earnings per share: |
|||||||||||||||||||
Basic |
$ | 1.65 | $ | 1.56 | |||||||||||||||
Diluted |
$ | 1.55 | $ | 1.47 | |||||||||||||||
NASDAQ OMX Consolidated |
PHLX: 1/1/08- 7/23/08 |
PHLX Pro Forma Adjustments |
Note | Pro Forma Combined | ||||||
Weighted-average common shares outstanding for earnings per share: |
||||||||||
Basic |
190,363 | 199,960 | ||||||||
Diluted |
204,515 | 214,122 |
See notes to the unaudited pro forma condensed combined statement of income.
NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED PRO FORMA CONDENSED COMBINED STATEMENT OF INCOME OF
THE NASDAQ OMX GROUP, INC.
Note 1. Description of the PHLX Acquisition
Acquisition of PHLX
On July 24, 2008, NASDAQ OMX completed the acquisition of PHLX, or the PHLX acquisition. NASDAQ OMXs cost to acquire PHLX of approximately $707.5 million ($652.0 million cash paid plus approximately $55.5 million of direct acquisition costs and working capital adjustments) is subject to certain post-closing adjustments.
Note 2. Basis of Presentation
The unaudited pro forma condensed combined statement of income combines the historical consolidated statements of income of NASDAQ OMX and PHLX, giving effect to the PHLX acquisition as if it had been completed on January 1, 2008. The results of OMX AB, or OMX, have been included in the historical statement of income of NASDAQ OMX from the date of the business combination of February 27, 2008.
The unaudited pro forma condensed combined statement of income is presented to illustrate the effects of the PHLX acquisition on the operating results of NASDAQ OMX and PHLX.
The unaudited pro forma condensed combined statement of income has been prepared using the purchase method of accounting with NASDAQ OMX treated as the acquirer, has been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP and should be read together with the separate financial statements of NASDAQ OMX for the year ended December 31, 2008.
The unaudited pro forma condensed combined statement of income is presented for informational purposes only and is not necessarily indicative of the operating results that would have occurred if the PHLX acquisition had been completed at the beginning of the period for which the pro forma data is presented. In addition, the unaudited pro forma condensed combined statement of income does not purport to project the future consolidated operating results of the combined company.
The accompanying unaudited pro forma condensed combined statement of income does not include (1) any revenue or cost saving synergies that may be achievable through the PHLX acquisition or (2) the impact of non-recurring items directly related to the PHLX acquisition.
Certain reclassifications have been made to the historical financial statements of PHLX to conform to the presentation used by NASDAQ OMX.
Note 3. PHLX Pro Forma adjustments
a) To adjust the book value of PHLX assets to their estimated fair value and record amortization expense on PHLX intangible assets. The preliminary allocations are as follows (in millions):
Value | Estimated Average Remaining Useful Life (in Years) |
Estimated Depreciation and Amortization Expense for the period January 1, 2008 through July 23, 2008 | ||||||
Intangible assets: |
||||||||
Exchange and futures registrations |
$ | 207.0 | Indefinite | # | ||||
Customer relationships |
112.9 | 19-23 years | $ | 3.2 | ||||
Technology |
10.5 | 1-5 years | 3.2 | |||||
Trade name |
6.4 | Indefinite | # | |||||
Total depreciation and amortization expense |
$ | 6.4 | ||||||
Total intangible assets |
$ | 336.8 | ||||||
# Not Applicable
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Exchange and Futures Registrations
The national securities exchange and futures registrations represent licenses that provide PHLX with the ability to operate its equity and options and futures exchanges. NASDAQ OMX views these intangible assets as perpetual licenses to operate the exchange and futures functions so long as PHLX meets certain regulatory requirements. NASDAQ OMX selected a variation of the income approach called the Greenfield Approach to value the SRO exchange registration and the cost approach to value PBOTs futures registration. PBOT has been renamed NFX and is a subsidiary of NASDAQ OMX PHLX.
An indefinite life was assumed for these registrations as PHLX is the oldest securities exchange in the United States. Furthermore, since no legal, contractual, competitive, economic, or other factors limit the useful life of these intangible assets, NASDAQ OMX considered the useful life of the exchange and futures registrations to be indefinite. We assessed the factors listed in paragraph 11 of SFAS 142 in making this indefinite life determination.
SRO Exchange Registration
The Greenfield Approach refers to a discounted cash flow analysis that assumes the buyer is building the exchange operation from a start-up business to a normalized level of operation as of the acquisition date. This discounted cash flow model considers the required resources and eventual returns from the build-out of an operational exchange and the acquisition of customers, once the exchange registration is obtained. The advantage of the approach is that it reflects the actual expectations that will arise from an investment in the registration and it directly values the registration. The Greenfield Approach relies on assumptions regarding projected revenues, margins, market share, capital expenditures, depreciation, and working capital during the two year pre-trade phase, the 10 year ramp-up period, and the terminal period.
A steady state projection for PHLX was established first. The projection excluded revenue from options and clearing. A steady state projection was used starting in year 12 based on the assumption that a stock exchange can expect to reach normalized operations at this time. In the terminal year, NASDAQ OMX assumed a market share equal to 80.0% of current projections. This is because PHLX would be a late entrant into this business and would not achieve the same market penetration they currently enjoy given their long history. It also reflects what a market participant would be able to achieve by the end of the 10 year ramp-up period. A terminal growth rate of 3.0% was chosen as a reasonable estimate of the growth rate of the stock exchange industry on a long-term basis.
NASDAQ OMX divided the costs into fixed costs and variable costs. Annual fixed costs were estimated to grow steadily from $20 million in 2008 to $50 million in 2019. Variable costs were estimated as a proportion of the revenue.
Based on historical working capital levels and a review of working capital for comparable companies operating in the industry, working capital for a typical market participant, as a percentage of incremental revenue, is projected to be approximately 34.0%.
The cash flows were then tax-effected at a rate of 40.0%, and a discounted tax amortization benefit was added to the fair value of the asset under the assumption that the SRO exchange registration would be amortized for tax purposes over a period of 15 years.
The following is a summary of the indicated fair value for the SRO exchange registration:
(in millions) |
SRO Exchange Registration | ||
Sum of costs |
$ | 167.7 | |
Discounted tax amortization benefit |
39.0 | ||
Indicated fair value |
$ | 206.7 | |
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NFX Futures Registration
The fair value of NFX futures registration was valued using the cost approach, specifically the replacement cost new approach, to determine the current cost to purchase or replace the futures registration. This valuation methodology is based on the concept that a prudent investor would pay no more for an asset than the amount necessary to replace the asset.
The following is a summary of the indicated fair value for NFX futures registration:
(in millions) |
NFX Futures Registration | ||
Sum of costs |
$ | 0.2 | |
Discounted tax amortization benefit |
0.1 | ||
Indicated fair value |
$ | 0.3 | |
Customer Relationships
Customer relationships represent the non-contractual and contractual relationships that PHLX has with its members. PHLXs customer relationships were valued using the income approach, specifically an excess earnings method. This valuation approach relied on assumptions regarding projected revenues, attrition rates, and operating cash flows for its customers, which were projected up to 35 years.
NASDAQ OMX assumed annual revenue attrition of 5.0% for the customers and that 95.0% of the projected revenue growth came from existing customer relationships. Charges for contributory assets were taken, and the tax-effected cash flows were discounted at a rate of 12.5%.
The cash flows were then tax-effected at a rate of 40.0%, and a discounted tax amortization benefit was added to the fair value of the asset under the assumption that the customer relationships would be amortized for tax purposes over a period of 15 years.
The following is a summary of the indicated fair value for the customer relationships asset:
(in millions) |
Total | ||
Sum of discounted cash flows |
$ | 91.7 | |
Discounted tax amortization benefit |
21.2 | ||
Indicated fair value |
$ | 112.9 | |
The estimated remaining useful life captures 90.0% to 95.0% of the present value of the cash flows generated by the customer relationships. The remaining useful life was determined based on an analysis of the historical attrition rates of PHLX customers and paragraph 11 of SFAS 142, which included an analysis of the legal, regulatory, contractual, competitive, economic, or other factors that limit the useful life of this intangible asset. The useful life of customer relationships is addressed in the section below, Customer Relationships and Technology Lives.
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TechnologyXL, PBOT, XLE, and SCCP
NASDAQ OMX acquired five technologies from PHLX: XL, PBOT, XLE, SCCP, and certain supporting technologies. These technologies represent the existing portfolio of software technologies that PHLX had developed or acquired to operate its exchange.
NASDAQ OMX will develop new integrated trading functions based on existing NASDAQ OMX technologies, and accordingly will either re-platform or discontinue using PHLXs XL, PBOT, XLE, and SCCP technologies while incorporating several supporting, peripheral technologies into the revised platform. The fair values of the technologies being re-platformed or discontinued were valued using the income approach, specifically the relief from royalty approach, relying on publicly available information to determine the royalty rate that PHLX would have to pay a third-party for the use of the technologies. This valuation methodology is based on the concept that because PHLX owns the technologies, it does not have to pay a third-party for the right to license the technology.
NASDAQ OMX researched public documents and accessed the Royalty Source database for license agreements involving similar trade names in the financial services industries. Based on the functionality of the technologies, NASDAQ OMX estimated the royalty rates to be 8.0% for XL, XLE, and SCCP technologies and 5.0% for PBOT technology.
The cash flows were then tax-effected at a rate of 40.0%, and a discounted tax amortization benefit was added to the fair value of the asset under the assumption that the technologies would be amortized for tax purposes over a period of 15 years.
The following is a summary of the indicated fair value for XL, PBOT, XLE, and SCCP technologies:
XL | PBOT | XLE | SCCP | Total | |||||||||||
Sum of discounted cash flows |
$ | 6.1 | $ | 0.0 | $ | 0.0 | $ | 0.0 | $ | 6.1 | |||||
Discounted tax amortization benefit |
1.4 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1.4 | ||||||||||
Indicated fair value |
$ | 7.5 | $ | 0.0 | $ | 0.0 | $ | 0.0 | $ | 7.5 | |||||
The estimated useful life of the technologies was based on discussions with PHLX management as to the likely duration of benefit to be derived from the technology. Since NASDAQ OMX will be re-platforming most of the existing technologies, NASDAQ OMX considered the migration cycle for re-platforming the existing technologies. NASDAQ OMX also gave consideration to paragraph 11 of SFAS 142 and to the pace of the technological changes in the industries in which PHLX sells its products.
TechnologySupporting
The fair values of certain supporting technologies were valued using the cost approach, specifically the replacement cost new approach, to determine the current cost to purchase or replace the supporting technologies. This valuation methodology is based on the concept that a prudent investor would pay no more for an asset than the amount necessary to replace the asset.
The following is a summary of the indicated fair value for the supporting technologies:
(in millions) |
Supporting | ||
Sum of estimated replacement costs |
$ | 2.5 | |
Discounted tax amortization benefit |
0.5 | ||
Indicated fair value |
$ | 3.0 | |
Trade Name
In valuing PHLXs trade names and trademarks, we used the income approach, specifically the relief from royalty approach, relying on publicly available information to determine the royalty rate that PHLX would have to pay a third-party for the use of the trade name. This valuation methodology is based on the concept that because PHLX owns the trade name, it does not have to pay a third-party for the right to use the trade name.
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NASDAQ OMX researched public documents and accessed the Royalty Source database for license agreements involving similar trade names in the financial services and technology industries. The guideline sample of license agreements yielded a typical royalty rate of 0.5% for financial services companies.
The cash flows were then tax-effected at a rate of 40.0%, and a discounted tax amortization benefit was added to the fair value of the asset under the assumption that the trade name would be amortized for tax purposes over a period of 15 years.
The following is a summary of the indicated fair value for the trade name asset:
(in millions) |
Total | ||
Sum of discounted cash flows |
$ | 5.2 | |
Discounted tax amortization benefit |
1.2 | ||
Indicated fair value |
$ | 6.4 | |
Customer Relationships and Technology Lives
The following summarizes the methodologies and assumptions NASDAQ OMX used to estimate the remaining economic lives of the customer relationships and technology.
i. The expected use of the asset by the entityAs previously discussed, most of the existing technology will be re-platformed or discontinued in the next two years. The determination of the useful life of supporting technologies was based on the historical development and life cycles of existing technology products within NASDAQ OMX.
ii. The expected useful life of another asset or group of assets to which the useful life of the intangible asset may relateThe useful lives of the technology and customer relationships assets are not significantly impacted by any other asset or group of assets. The life of the customer relationships is about 19 to 23 years. For technology, the existing technologies will be re-platformed in the next one to two years whereas supporting technologies have a 5 year life.
iii. Any legal, regulatory or contractual provisions that may limit the useful lifeWe are not aware of any.
iv. Any legal, regulatory or contractual provisions that enable renewal or extension of the assets legal or contractual life without substantial costWe are not aware of any other legal, regulatory, or contractual provisions that may impact the lives of the customer relationships and technology.
v. The effects of obsolescence, demand, competition, and other economic factorsSince NASDAQ OMX will re-platform most of the existing technologies, they would become obsolete in approximately 0.25 to two years. The life cycles were based on the business plans to re-platform the existing technologies within NASDAQ OMX and PHLX. With regards to the customer relationships, an analysis of attrition rates was performed based on historical information.
vi. The level of maintenance expenditures required to obtain the expected future cash flows from the asset. PHLX expects to incur research and development expenses to maintain its technology. With respect to the customer relationships, PHLX incurs little, if any, sales and marketing expenses to maintain the current customers. NASDAQ OMX believes that historically the research and development have maintained the quality of its products and services, thus contributing to the shorter life.
b) To adjust compensation and benefits for the year ended December 31, 2008 for employee payouts made by PHLX due to the acquisition by NASDAQ OMX. These non-recurring charges were eliminated for pro forma purposes.
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c) To adjust professional and contract services for the year ended December 31, 2008 for charges incurred by PHLX related to the acquisition by NASDAQ OMX. These non-recurring charges were eliminated for pro forma purposes.
d) To adjust general, administrative and other expense for the year ended December 31, 2008 for non-recurring charges recorded by PHLX in 2008 primarily related to additional PHLX Board of Governors meeting fees.
e) To adjust debt obligations for the borrowing of $650.0 million under our senior secured term loan facility to finance the $652.0 million cash payment for the acquisition of PHLX. NASDAQ OMX utilized cash on hand for the difference between the cash purchase price of $652.0 million and the net debt financing of $650.0 million and also utilized $55.5 million of cash on hand for acquisition costs and working capital adjustments. The term loan has a variable interest rate.
Pro forma interest expense is as follows (dollars in millions):
For the Period January 1, 2008 through July 23, 2008 |
||||
Average term loan borrowing (i) |
$ | 650.0 | ||
Interest rate (average 3 month LIBOR plus spread of 2.0%) (ii) |
4.84 | % | ||
Months outstanding (iii) |
7/12 | |||
Pro forma adjustment (i)*(ii)*(iii) |
$ | 18.4 | ||
A 1.0% increase in the variable interest rate on the Term Loan Facility would result in additional pro forma interest expense of $3.7 million for the period January 1, 2008 through July 23, 2008.
f) To record an income tax provision of $6.6 million for the year December 31, 2008 based on the PHLX pro forma income statement adjustments related to the following items (in millions):
December 31, 2008 |
Jurisdiction | Amount | Tax Rate | Tax Provision | |||||||||
Compensation and benefits |
U.S. | $ | 45.1 | (1) | 45.66 | % | $ | 20.6 | |||||
Depreciation and amortization |
U.S. | (6.4 | ) | 45.66 | % | (2.9 | ) | ||||||
Professional and contract services |
U.S. | 9.2 | 45.66 | % | 4.2 | ||||||||
General, administrative and other |
U.S. | 6.6 | 45.66 | % | 3.0 | ||||||||
Interest expense |
U.S. | (18.4 | ) | 39.55 | % | (7.3 | ) | ||||||
Total |
$ | 36.1 | $ | 17.6 | |||||||||
Other tax adjustments |
U.S. | (11.0 | )(2) | ||||||||||
Total |
$ | 36.1 | $ | 6.6 | |||||||||
(1) | Of the $50.1 million pro forma adjustment to compensation expense, $45.1 million is tax deductible and included in the pro forma tax adjustment. |
(2) | In addition to tax adjustments made on the pro forma adjustments described above, we calculated the tax provision for PHLXs results of operation for the period January 1, 2008 through July 23, 2008 at a rate of 45.66% and adjusted the tax provision to be in line with this calculation. |
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